The Particle Century

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Shifting Standards

Author : Allan Franklin
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822979195
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Shifting Standards by : Allan Franklin

Download or read book Shifting Standards written by Allan Franklin and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Shifting Standards, Allan Franklin provides an overview of notable experiments in particle physics. Using papers published in Physical Review, the journal of the American Physical Society, as his basis, Franklin details the experiments themselves, their data collection, the events witnessed, and the interpretation of results. From these papers, he distills the dramatic changes to particle physics experimentation from 1894 through 2009. Franklin develops a framework for his analysis, viewing each example according to exclusion and selection of data; possible experimenter bias; details of the experimental apparatus; size of the data set, apparatus, and number of authors; rates of data taking along with analysis and reduction; distinction between ideal and actual experiments; historical accounts of previous experiments; and personal comments and style. From Millikan's tabletop oil-drop experiment to the Compact Muon Solenoid apparatus measuring approximately 4,000 cubic meters (not including accelerators) and employing over 2,000 authors, Franklin's study follows the decade-by-decade evolution of scale and standards in particle physics experimentation. As he shows, where once there were only one or two collaborators, now it literally takes a village. Similar changes are seen in data collection: in 1909 Millikan's data set took 175 oil drops, of which he used 23 to determine the value of e, the charge of the electron; in contrast, the 1988-1992 E791 experiment using the Collider Detector at Fermilab, investigating the hadroproduction of charm quarks, recorded 20 billion events. As we also see, data collection took a quantum leap in the 1950s with the use of computers. Events are now recorded at rates as of a few hundred per second, and analysis rates have progressed similarly. Employing his epistemology of experimentation, Franklin deconstructs each example to view the arguments offered and the correctness of the results. Overall, he finds that despite the metamorphosis of the process, the role of experimentation has remained remarkably consistent through the years: to test theories and provide factual basis for scientific knowledge, to encourage new theories, and to reveal new phenomenon.

Particle Physics

Author : V.V. Ezhela
Publisher : American Inst. of Physics
ISBN 13 : 1563966425
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (639 download)

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Book Synopsis Particle Physics by : V.V. Ezhela

Download or read book Particle Physics written by V.V. Ezhela and published by American Inst. of Physics. This book was released on 1996-07-23 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This annotated, chronological bibliography presents key material _including excerpts_from 500 of the most influential theoretical papers and experimental discoveries in particle physics, many of which have been cited for the Nobel prize. A general introduction places the original articles in historical context. For each entry there is a short description explaining the importance of the discovery, followed by complete bibliographic information, including title, authors, abstracts or excerpts, and references." "Contents" This annotated, chronological bibliography presents key material -- including excerpts -- from 500 of the most influential theoretical papers and experimental discoveries in particle physics, many of which have been cited for the Nobel prize. A general introduction places the original articles in historical context. For each entry there is a short description explaining the importance of the discovery, followed by complete bibliographic information, including title, authors, abstracts or excerpts, and references.

Particle Physics: a Very Short Introduction

Author : Frank Close
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019287375X
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Particle Physics: a Very Short Introduction by : Frank Close

Download or read book Particle Physics: a Very Short Introduction written by Frank Close and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-23 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the discovery of the Higgs boson, Frank Close has produced this major revision to his classic and compelling introduction to the fundamental particles that make up the universe.

The Particle Century

Author : G Fraser
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420050332
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Particle Century by : G Fraser

Download or read book The Particle Century written by G Fraser and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the first attempts to split the atom to the discovery of the top quark, the 20th century has witnessed a revolution in basic physics. Probing successively smaller constituents of matter has also revealed the conditions present at the time of the Big Bang. In a series of essays by scientists who have been closely involved in this exciting research, The Particle Century describes the unprecedented advances in our understanding of the universe. The book covers major historical developments as well as current advances, including early accelerator physics, the rise of the Standard Model, new comprehension of the big bang theory, and the cutting edge of today's investigations. These essays add novel insight into the continuing efforts to unravel the deepest secrets of nature.

Engines of Discovery

Author : Andrew Sessler
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814417203
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Engines of Discovery by : Andrew Sessler

Download or read book Engines of Discovery written by Andrew Sessler and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Engines of Discovery celebrated in words, images and anecdotes the accelerators and their constructors that culminated in the discovery of the Higgs boson. But even before the Higgs was discovered, before the champagne corks popped and while the television producers brushed up their quantum mechanics, a new wave of enthusiasm for accelerators to be applied for more practical purposes was gaining momentum. Almost all fields of human endeavour will be enhanced by this trend: energy conservation, medical diagnostics and treatment, national security, as well as industrial processing. Accelerators have been used most spectacularly to reveal the structure of the complex molecules that determine our metabolism and life. For every accelerator chasing the Higgs, there are now ten thousand serving other purposes. It is high time to move from abstract mathematics and philosophy to the practical needs of humankind. It is the aim of this revised and expanded edition to describe this revolution in a manner which will attract the young, not only to apply their curiosity to the building blocks of matter but to help them contribute to the improvement of the quality of life itself on this planet. As always, the authors have tried to avoid lengthy mathematical description. In describing a field which reaches out to almost all of today's cutting edge technology, some detailed explanation cannot be avoided but this has been confined to sidebars. References guide experts to move on to the journal Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology and other publications for more information. But first we would urge every young physicist, teacher, journalist and politician to read this book. Contents: Electrostatic Accelerators; Cyclotrons; Linear Accelerators; Betatrons; Synchrotrons; Colliders; Neutrino Super Beams, Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders; Detectors; High-Energy and Nuclear Physics; Synchrotron Radiation Sources; Isotope Production and Cancer Therapy Accelerators; Spallation Neutron Sources; Accelerators in Industry and Elsewhere; National Security; Energy and the Environment; A Final Word OCo Mainly to the Young. Readership: Scientists, research physicists, engineers and administrators at accelerator laboratories; general readers; undergraduates and graduates in physics, electrical engineering and the history of science."

Quantum Generations

Author : Helge Kragh
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691095523
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (955 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantum Generations by : Helge Kragh

Download or read book Quantum Generations written by Helge Kragh and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-24 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of the nineteenth century, some physicists believed that the basic principles underlying their subject were already known, and that physics in the future would only consist of filling in the details. They could hardly have been more wrong. The past century has seen the rise of quantum mechanics, relativity, cosmology, particle physics, and solid-state physics, among other fields. These subjects have fundamentally changed our understanding of space, time, and matter. They have also transformed daily life, inspiring a technological revolution that has included the development of radio, television, lasers, nuclear power, and computers. In Quantum Generations, Helge Kragh, one of the world's leading historians of physics, presents a sweeping account of these extraordinary achievements of the past one hundred years. The first comprehensive one-volume history of twentieth-century physics, the book takes us from the discovery of X rays in the mid-1890s to superstring theory in the 1990s. Unlike most previous histories of physics, written either from a scientific perspective or from a social and institutional perspective, Quantum Generations combines both approaches. Kragh writes about pure science with the expertise of a trained physicist, while keeping the content accessible to nonspecialists and paying careful attention to practical uses of science, ranging from compact disks to bombs. As a historian, Kragh skillfully outlines the social and economic contexts that have shaped the field in the twentieth century. He writes, for example, about the impact of the two world wars, the fate of physics under Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin, the role of military research, the emerging leadership of the United States, and the backlash against science that began in the 1960s. He also shows how the revolutionary discoveries of scientists ranging from Einstein, Planck, and Bohr to Stephen Hawking have been built on the great traditions of earlier centuries. Combining a mastery of detail with a sure sense of the broad contours of historical change, Kragh has written a fitting tribute to the scientists who have played such a decisive role in the making of the modern world.

The Particle Odyssey

Author : Frank Close
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198609438
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Particle Odyssey by : Frank Close

Download or read book The Particle Odyssey written by Frank Close and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-11 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. The world of particle physics 2. Voyage into the atom 3. The structure of the atom 4. The extraterrestrials 5. The cosmic rain 6. The challenge of the big machines 7. The particle explosion 8. Colliders and image chambers 9. From charm to top 10. The 'whys' of particle physics 11. Futureclash 12. Particles at work Table of particles Further reading/acknowledgements Picture credits Index

A Century of Physics

Author : D. Allan Bromley
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387952475
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (524 download)

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Book Synopsis A Century of Physics by : D. Allan Bromley

Download or read book A Century of Physics written by D. Allan Bromley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this amazing "Cook's tour" of physics over the past 100 years, D. Allan Bromley uses the occasion of the centenary of the American Physical Society to reflect upon the growth of physics, its expansion into numerous subdisciplines, the impact physics has had upon modern technology, and the reemergence of the fundamental unity of the discipline in recent years. Hundreds of illustrations, both historical and new, accompany the text.

Strange Beauty

Author : George Johnson
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307765458
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Strange Beauty by : George Johnson

Download or read book Strange Beauty written by George Johnson and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2010-09-29 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a New Afterword "Our knowledge of fundamental physics contains not one fruitful idea that does not carry the name of Murray Gell-Mann."--Richard Feynman Acclaimed science writer George Johnson brings his formidable reporting skills to the first biography of Nobel Prize-winner Murray Gell-Mann, the brilliant, irascible man who revolutionized modern particle physics with his models of the quark and the Eightfold Way. Born into a Jewish immigrant family on New York's East 14th Street, Gell-Mann's prodigious talent was evident from an early age--he entered Yale at 15, completed his Ph.D. at 21, and was soon identifying the structures of the world's smallest components and illuminating the elegant symmetries of the universe. Beautifully balanced in its portrayal of an extraordinary and difficult man, interpreting the concepts of advanced physics with scrupulous clarity and simplicity, Strange Beauty is a tour-de-force of both science writing and biography.

Facts And Mysteries In Elementary Particle Physics (Revised Edition)

Author : Martinus J G Veltman
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813237074
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Facts And Mysteries In Elementary Particle Physics (Revised Edition) by : Martinus J G Veltman

Download or read book Facts And Mysteries In Elementary Particle Physics (Revised Edition) written by Martinus J G Veltman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of modern particle physics accessible to anyone with a true passion for wanting to know how the universe works. We are introduced to the known particles of the world we live in. An elegant explanation of quantum mechanics and relativity paves the way for an understanding of the laws that govern particle physics. These laws are put into action in the world of accelerators, colliders and detectors found at institutions such as CERN and Fermilab that are in the forefront of technical innovation. Real world and theory meet using Feynman diagrams to solve the problems of infinities and deduce the need for the Higgs boson.Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics offers an incredible insight from an eyewitness and participant in some of the greatest discoveries in 20th century science. From Einstein's theory of relativity to the spectacular discovery of the Higgs particle, this book will fascinate and educate anyone interested in the world of quarks, leptons and gauge theories.This book also contains many thumbnail sketches of particle physics personalities, including contemporaries as seen through the eyes of the author. Illustrated with pictures, these candid sketches present rare, perceptive views of the characters that populate the field.The Chapter on Particle Theory, in a pre-publication, was termed 'superbly lucid' by David Miller in Nature (Vol. 396, 17 Dec. 1998, p. 642).

Revolutions in Twentieth-Century Physics

Author : David J. Griffiths
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107602173
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolutions in Twentieth-Century Physics by : David J. Griffiths

Download or read book Revolutions in Twentieth-Century Physics written by David J. Griffiths and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Classical foundations -- 2. Special relativity -- 3. Quantum mechanics -- 4. Elementary particles -- 5. Cosmology.

Ever Smaller

Author : Antonio Ereditato
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262043866
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Ever Smaller by : Antonio Ereditato

Download or read book Ever Smaller written by Antonio Ereditato and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideas, theories, experiments, and unanswered questions in particle physics, explained (with anecdotes) for the general reader. The elementary particles of matter hold the secrets of Nature together with the fundamental forces. In Ever Smaller, neutrino physicist Antonio Ereditato describes the amazing discoveries of the “particle revolution,” explaining ideas, theories, experiments, and unanswered questions in particle physics in a way that is accessible (and enjoyable) for the general reader. Ereditato shows us that physics is not the exclusive territory of scientists in white lab coats exclaiming “Eureka” but that its revelations can be appreciated by any reader curious about the mysteries of the universe. Ereditato's overview takes us through a century of particle physics, from the discovery of the components of the atom through an endless procession of subatomic particles—the pion, the muon, the quarks, the W, Z, gluon, Higgs boson, and the mysterious, ubiquitous neutrino (Ereditato's chosen specialty)—interweaving the history of these discoveries with basic explanations of the physics itself as well as the technology behind the discoveries. He considers the particle physicist's impulse to pursue the “ever smaller”—to divide matter into ever more minuscule parts, until reaching the elementary constituents of the universe; explains how Nature likes symmetries; describes the workings of particle accelerators and detectors; demonstrates how to distinguish between three identical quarks; and warns that the ugliest experimental data are more important than the most beautiful theory. With Ever Smaller, Ereditato invites readers to join him in appreciating the beauty of the microcosm.

A Palette of Particles

Author : Jeremy Bernstein
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674073649
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis A Palette of Particles by : Jeremy Bernstein

Download or read book A Palette of Particles written by Jeremy Bernstein and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From molecules to stars, much of the cosmic canvas can be painted in brushstrokes of primary color: the protons, neutrons, and electrons we know so well. But for meticulous detail, we have to dip into exotic hues—leptons, mesons, hadrons, quarks. Bringing particle physics to life as few authors can, Jeremy Bernstein here unveils nature in all its subatomic splendor. In this graceful account, Bernstein guides us through high-energy physics from the early twentieth century to the present, including such highlights as the newly discovered Higgs boson. Beginning with Ernest Rutherford’s 1911 explanation of the nucleus, a model of atomic structure emerged that sufficed until the 1930s, when new particles began to be theorized and experimentally confirmed. In the postwar period, the subatomic world exploded in a blaze of unexpected findings leading to the theory of the quark, in all its strange and charmed variations. An eyewitness to developments at Harvard University and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, Bernstein laces his story with piquant anecdotes of such luminaries as Wolfgang Pauli, Murray Gell-Mann, and Sheldon Glashow. Surveying the dizzying landscape of contemporary physics, Bernstein remains optimistic about our ability to comprehend the secrets of the cosmos—even as its mysteries deepen. We now know that over eighty percent of the universe consists of matter we have never identified or detected. A Palette of Particles draws readers into the excitement of a field where the more we discover, the less we seem to know.

Cosmology’s Century

Author : P. J. E. Peebles
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691234477
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmology’s Century by : P. J. E. Peebles

Download or read book Cosmology’s Century written by P. J. E. Peebles and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Nobel Prize–winning physicist P. J. E. Peebles, the story of cosmology from Einstein to today Modern cosmology began a century ago with Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity and his notion of a homogenous, philosophically satisfying cosmos. Cosmology's Century is the story of how generations of scientists built on these thoughts and many new measurements to arrive at a well-tested physical theory of the structure and evolution of our expanding universe. In this landmark book, one of the world's most esteemed theoretical cosmologists offers an unparalleled personal perspective on how the field developed. P. J. E. Peebles was at the forefront of many of the greatest discoveries of the past century, making fundamental contributions to our understanding of the presence of helium and microwave radiation from the hot big bang, the measures of the distribution and motion of ordinary matter, and the new kind of dark matter that allows us to make sense of these results. Taking readers from the field's beginnings, Peebles describes how scientists working in independent directions found themselves converging on a theory of cosmic evolution interesting enough to warrant the rigorous testing it passes so well. He explores the major advances—some inspired by remarkable insights or perhaps just lucky guesses—as well as the wrong turns taken and the roads not explored. He shares recollections from major players in this story and provides a rare, inside look at how science is really done. A monumental work, Cosmology's Century also emphasizes where the present theory is incomplete, suggesting exciting directions for continuing research.

The God Particle

Author : Leon M. Lederman
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 9780618711680
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis The God Particle by : Leon M. Lederman

Download or read book The God Particle written by Leon M. Lederman and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2006 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating tour of particle physics from Nobel Prize winner Leon Lederman. At the root of particle physics is an invincible sense of curiosity. Leon Lederman embraces this spirit of inquiry as he moves from the Greeks' earliest scientific observations to Einstein and beyond to chart this unique arm of scientific study. His survey concludes with the Higgs boson, nicknamed the God Particle, which scientists hypothesize will help unlock the last secrets of the subatomic universe, quarks and all--it's the dogged pursuit of this almost mystical entity that inspires Lederman's witty and accessible history.

Particles, Fields, Space-Time

Author : Martin Pohl
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000176975
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Particles, Fields, Space-Time by : Martin Pohl

Download or read book Particles, Fields, Space-Time written by Martin Pohl and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-14 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particles, Fields, Space-Time: From Thomson's Electron to Higgs' Boson explores the concepts, ideas, and experimental results that brought us from the discovery of the first elementary particle in the end of the 19th century to the completion of the Standard Model of particle physics in the early 21st century. The book concentrates on disruptive events and unexpected results that fundamentally changed our view of particles and how they move through space-time. It separates the mathematical and technical details from the narrative into focus boxes, so that it remains accessible to non-scientists, yet interesting for those with a scientific background who wish to further their understanding. The text presents and explains experiments and their results wherever appropriate. This book will be of interest to a general audience, but also to students studying particle physics, physics teachers at all levels, and scientists with a recreational curiosity towards the subject. Features Short, comprehensive overview concentrating on major breakthroughs, disruptive ideas, and unexpected results Accessible to all interested in subatomic physics with little prior knowledge required Contains the latest developments in this exciting field

Quantum Steampunk

Author : Nicole Yunger Halpern
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421443732
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantum Steampunk by : Nicole Yunger Halpern

Download or read book Quantum Steampunk written by Nicole Yunger Halpern and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2022-04-12 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Industrial Revolution meets the quantum-technology revolution! A steampunk adventure guide to how mind-blowing quantum physics is transforming our understanding of information and energy. Victorian era steam engines and particle physics may seem worlds (as well as centuries) apart, yet a new branch of science, quantum thermodynamics, reenvisions the scientific underpinnings of the Industrial Revolution through the lens of today's roaring quantum information revolution. Classical thermodynamics, understood as the study of engines, energy, and efficiency, needs reimagining to take advantage of quantum mechanics, the basic framework that explores the nature of reality by peering at minute matters, down to the momentum of a single particle. In her exciting new book, intrepid Harvard-trained physicist Dr. Nicole Yunger Halpern introduces these concepts to the uninitiated with what she calls "quantum steampunk," after the fantastical genre that pairs futuristic technologies with Victorian sensibilities. While readers follow the adventures of a rag-tag steampunk crew on trains, dirigibles, and automobiles, they explore questions such as, "Can quantum physics revolutionize engines?" and "What deeper secrets can quantum information reveal about the trajectory of time?" Yunger Halpern also describes her own adventures in the quantum universe and provides an insider's look at the work of the scientists obsessed with its technological promise. Moving from fundamental physics to cutting-edge experimental applications, Quantum Steampunk explores the field's aesthetic, shares its whimsy, and gazes into the potential of a quantum future. The result is a blast for fans of science, science fiction, and fantasy.