The Papers Of Clarence Mitchell Jr Volume Vi

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The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume VI

Author : Clarence Mitchell Jr.
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821447467
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume VI by : Clarence Mitchell Jr.

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume VI written by Clarence Mitchell Jr. and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Civil Rights Act of 1960 aimed to close loopholes in its 1957 predecessor that had allowed continued voter disenfranchisement for African Americans and for Mexicans in Texas. In early 1959, the newly seated Eighty-Sixth Congress had four major civil rights bills under consideration. Eventually consolidated into the 1960 Civil Rights Act, their purpose was to correct the weaknesses in the 1957 law. Mitchell’s papers from 1959 to 1960 show the extent to which congressional resistance to the passage of meaningful civil rights laws contributed to the lunch counter sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina, and to subsequent demonstrations. The papers reveal how the repercussions of these events affected the NAACP’s work in Washington and how, despite their dislike of demonstrations, NAACP officials used them to intensify the civil rights struggle. Among the act’s seven titles were provisions authorizing federal inspection of local voter registration rolls and penalties for anyone attempting to interfere with voters on the basis of race or color. The law extended the powers of the US Commission on Civil Rights and broadened the legal definition of the verb to vote to encompass all elements of the process: registering, casting a ballot, and properly counting that ballot. Ultimately, Mitchell considered the 1960 act unsuccessful because Congress had failed to include key amendments that would have further strengthened the 1957 act. In the House, representatives used parliamentary tactics to stall employment protections, school desegregation, poll-tax elimination, and other meaningful civil rights reforms. The fight would continue. The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. series is a detailed record of the NAACP leader’s success in bringing the legislative branch together with the judicial and executive branches to provide civil rights protections during the twentieth century.

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V

Author : Clarence Mitchell Jr.
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821447459
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V by : Clarence Mitchell Jr.

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V written by Clarence Mitchell Jr. and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume V of The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. records the successful effort to pass the 1957 Civil Rights Act: the first federal civil rights legislation since 1875. Prior to the US Supreme Court’s landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, the NAACP had faced an impenetrable wall of opposition from southerners in Congress. Basing their assertions on the court’s 1896 “separate but equal” decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, legislators from the South maintained that their Jim Crow system was nondiscriminatory and thus constitutional. In their view, further civil rights laws were unnecessary. In ruling that legally mandated segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, the Brown decision demolished the southerners’ argument. Mitchell then launched the decisive stage of the struggle to pass modern civil rights laws. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first comprehensive lobbying campaign by an organization dedicated to that purpose since Reconstruction. Coming on the heels of the Brown decision, the 1957 law was a turning point in the struggle to accord Black citizens full equality under the Constitution. The act’s passage, however, was nearly derailed in the Senate by southern opposition and Senator Strom Thurmond’s record-setting filibuster, which lasted more than twenty-four hours. Congress later weakened several provisions of the act but—crucially—it broke a psychological barrier to the legislative enactment of such measures. The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. is a detailed record of the NAACP leader’s success in bringing the legislative branch together with the judicial and executive branches to provide civil rights protections during the twentieth century.

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946

Author : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821416049
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clarence Mitchell Jr. was the driving force in the struggle for civil rights in America. Volumes I and II, part of the projected five-volume The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., document Mitchell's crucial role during the Roosevelt years of getting the Congress to join the courts and the president in upholding the Constitutional rights of all Americans.

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1951-1954

Author : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 770 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1951-1954 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1951-1954 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College?

Author : Alexander Keyssar
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674660153
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (746 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? by : Alexander Keyssar

Download or read book Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? written by Alexander Keyssar and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New Statesman Book of the Year “America’s greatest historian of democracy now offers an extraordinary history of the most bizarre aspect of our representative democracy—the electoral college...A brilliant contribution to a critical current debate.” —Lawrence Lessig, author of They Don’t Represent Us Every four years, millions of Americans wonder why they choose their presidents through an arcane institution that permits the loser of the popular vote to become president and narrows campaigns to swing states. Congress has tried on many occasions to alter or scuttle the Electoral College, and in this master class in American political history, a renowned Harvard professor explains its confounding persistence. After tracing the tangled origins of the Electoral College back to the Constitutional Convention, Alexander Keyssar outlines the constant stream of efforts since then to abolish or reform it. Why have they all failed? The complexity of the design and partisan one-upmanship have a lot to do with it, as do the difficulty of passing constitutional amendments and the South’s long history of restrictive voting laws. By revealing the reasons for past failures and showing how close we’ve come to abolishing the Electoral College, Keyssar offers encouragement to those hoping for change. “Conclusively demonstrates the absurdity of preserving an institution that has been so contentious throughout U.S. history and has not infrequently produced results that defied the popular will.” —Michael Kazin, The Nation “Rigorous and highly readable...shows how the electoral college has endured despite being reviled by statesmen from James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Andrew Jackson to Edward Kennedy, Bob Dole, and Gerald Ford.” —Lawrence Douglas, Times Literary Supplement

In the Shadow of Fear

Author : Nick Bunker
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 154167555X
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis In the Shadow of Fear by : Nick Bunker

Download or read book In the Shadow of Fear written by Nick Bunker and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evocative portrait of a divided America at the dawn of the Cold War Halfway through the twentieth century, the United States towered over the world in industrial might. After winning the 1948 election, Harry Truman hoped to use this economic strength to build on FDR’s achievements with new liberal reforms. But then, in just ten months between September 1949 and June 1950, the president’s ambitions were overtaken by events that left the country gripped by rage and fear. The Soviets tested an atomic bomb, Mao’s army swept through China, and at home Truman faced labor unrest and a Republican Party desperate for power. In the Shadow of Fear is an innovative and gripping history of this pivotal moment. Recounting the launch of Senator Joe McCarthy’s anti-communist crusade, the defeat of Truman’s liberal program, and the start of the Korean War, prizewinning historian Nick Bunker shows us a polarized nation facing crises at home and abroad—a story with deep resonances today.

Weapons of Mississippi

Author : Kevin Dougherty
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1604734523
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Weapons of Mississippi by : Kevin Dougherty

Download or read book Weapons of Mississippi written by Kevin Dougherty and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mississippians have long found the need for an arsenal of interesting, lethal, and imaginative weapons. Native Americans, frontier outlaws, antebellum duelists, authorities and protestors in the civil rights struggle, and present-day hunters have used weapons to survive, to advance causes, or to levy societal control. In Weapons of Mississippi, Kevin Dougherty examines the roles weapons have played in twelve phases of state history. Dougherty not only offers technical background for these devices, but he also presents a new way of understanding the state's history-through the context and development of its weapons. Chapters in the book bring the story of Mississippi's weapons up to date with a discussion of the modern naval shipbuilders on the Coast and interviews with hunters keen to pass on family traditions. As Mississippi progressed from a sparsely populated wilderness to a structured modern society, management of weaponry became one of the main requirements for establishing centralized law and order. Indians, outlaws, runaway slaves, secessionists, and night riders have all posed challenges to the often better-armed authorities. Today, weapons unite Mississippians in the popular pastime of hunting deer, turkey, dove, rabbit, and even bear. In the state's social and cultural character, a shared lore and knowledge of hunting crosses age, racial, and economic lines. Weapons, once used for mere survival, have transformed into instruments masterfully crafted for those harvesting the state's abundant game.

Laboured Protest

Author : Oliver Ayers
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429673191
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Laboured Protest by : Oliver Ayers

Download or read book Laboured Protest written by Oliver Ayers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians have long realized the US civil rights movement pre-dated Martin Luther King Jr., but they disagree on where, when and why it started. Laboured Protest offers new answers in a study of black political protest during the New Deal and Second World War. It finds a diverse movement where activists from the left operated alongside, and often in competition with, others who signed up to liberal or nationalist political platforms. Protestors in this period often struggled to challenge the different types of discrimination facing black workers, but their energetic campaigning was part of a more complex, and ultimately more interesting, movement than previously thought.

Roy Wilkins

Author : Yvonne Ryan
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813143802
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Roy Wilkins by : Yvonne Ryan

Download or read book Roy Wilkins written by Yvonne Ryan and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roy Wilkins (1901--1981) spent forty-six years of his life serving the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and led the organization for more than twenty years. Under his leadership, the NAACP spearheaded efforts that contributed to landmark civil rights legislation, including the 1964 Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act. In Roy Wilkins: The Quiet Revolutionary and the NAACP, Yvonne Ryan offers the first biography of this influential activist, as well as an analysis of his significant contributions to civil rights in America. While activists in Alabama were treading the highways between Selma and Montgomery, Wilkins was walking the corridors of power in Washington, D.C., working tirelessly in the background to ensure that the rights they fought for were protected through legislation and court rulings. With his command of congressional procedure and networking expertise, Wilkins was regarded as a strong and trusted presence on Capitol Hill, and received greater access to the Oval Office than any other civil rights leader during the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson. Roy Wilkins fills a significant gap in the history of the civil rights movement, objectively exploring the career and impact of one of its forgotten leaders. The quiet revolutionary, who spent his life navigating the Washington political system, affirmed the extraordinary and courageous efforts of the many men and women who braved the dangers of the southern streets and challenged injustice to achieve equal rights for all Americans.

Stage for Action

Author : Chrystyna Dail
Publisher : SIU Press
ISBN 13 : 0809335433
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Stage for Action by : Chrystyna Dail

Download or read book Stage for Action written by Chrystyna Dail and published by SIU Press. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on underexplored and only recently available archives, author Chrystyna Dail examines the influence of Stage for Action, a theatre group founded in 1943, on social activist theatre in the 1940s, early 1950s, and beyond. The group embraced subjects not taken up by earlier activist theatre companies—advocating for the rights of Puerto Ricans, calling attention to the lack of child care for working mothers, and demanding the cessation of all nuclear warfare. Exploring the intersection between performance and politics and the direct impact of the arts on social activism, Dail argues Stage for Action is a theatrical reflection of progressivism and the pro-working-class theatrical aesthetic of the 1940s. The theatre group, which used performance to encourage direct action and personal responsibility for change, eventually would function as the theatrical voice of the United States Progressive Party in the failed presidential campaign of former vice president Henry A. Wallace. Calling into question the widely held belief that U.S. theatre in the early years of the Cold War was indifferent to activism, Stage for Action offers historians a new interpretation of social activist performance at midcentury.

Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T

Author : Paul Finkelman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195167791
Total Pages : 2637 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T by : Paul Finkelman

Download or read book Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T written by Paul Finkelman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alphabetically-arranged entries from O to T that explores significant events, major persons, organizations, and political and social movements in African-American history from 1896 to the twenty-first-century.

The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr

Author : Clarence Maurice Mitchell (Jr.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell (Jr.)

Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Republicans and Race

Author : Timothy N. Thurber
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 070063522X
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Republicans and Race by : Timothy N. Thurber

Download or read book Republicans and Race written by Timothy N. Thurber and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2023-04-14 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skeptics might rationalize that Mitt Romney received a scant 6 percent of the black vote in 2012 only because African Americans would naturally favor one of their own. But since 1964, no Republican presidential candidate has attracted more than 15 percent of the black electorate, and few GOP candidates for other offices have fared much better. No segment of the American electorate is more reliably Democratic than African Americans. The GOP, meanwhile, remains nearly an all-white party. In this path-breaking book, historian Timothy Thurber illuminates the deep roots of this gulf by exploring the contentious, and sometimes surprising, relationship between African Americans and the Republican Party from the end of World War II through Richard Nixon’s presidency. The GOP, he shows, shaped the modern civil rights movement, but the struggle for racial equality also transformed the GOP. Thurber challenges conventional wisdom that the “party of Lincoln” disappeared in the mid-1960s. Prior to 1964, the GOP was indifferent or hostile to many of the demands from civil rights activists. During the height of the civil rights revolution, Republicans were essential to enacting federal policies that made American society more egalitarian. The GOP helped defend, and sometimes expanded, those reforms in the early 1970s. Conservatives were not as dominant after 1964 as scholars and pundits often portray. Yet throughout these three decades the rift between African Americans and the GOP remained substantial. They disagreed, often sharply, over the role of the federal government, particularly regarding economic matters and the integration of schools and neighborhoods. They had different views about race and American society. They also clashed in the political arena, where Republicans wrote off the black vote as unwinnable, irrelevant, or counterproductive to their drive to supplant the Democrats as the nation’s majority party. The GOP preferred to court whites nationwide, sometimes by appealing to their racial animosities. That strategy often yielded electoral success, but the legacy of the past looms large in the early twenty-first century. With its depth of research and insight, Republicans and Race will stand as a definitive study as the GOP ponders the composition of its base in future elections.

Borders of Equality

Author : Lee Sartain
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1617037524
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Borders of Equality by : Lee Sartain

Download or read book Borders of Equality written by Lee Sartain and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a border city Baltimore made an ideal arena to push for change during the civil rights movement. It was a city in which all forms of segregation and racism appeared vulnerable to attack by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's methods. If successful in Baltimore, the rest of the nation might follow with progressive and integrationist reforms. The Baltimore branch of the NAACP was one of the first chapters in the nation and was the largest branch in the nation by 1946. The branch undertook various forms of civil rights activity from 1914 through the 1940s that later were mainstays of the 1960s movement. Nonviolent protest, youth activism, economic boycotts, marches on state capitols, campaigns for voter registration, and pursuit of anti-lynching cases all had test runs. Remarkably, Baltimore's NAACP had the same branch president for thirty-five years starting in 1935, a woman, Lillie M. Jackson. Her work highlights gender issues and the social and political transitions among the changing civil rights groups. In Borders of Equality, Lee Sartain evaluates her leadership amid challenges from radicalized youth groups and the Black Power Movement. Baltimore was an urban industrial center that shared many characteristics with the North, and African Americans could vote there. The city absorbed a large number of black economic migrants from the South, and it exhibited racial patterns that made it more familiar to Southerners. It was one of the first places to begin desegregating its schools in September 1954 after the Brown decision, and one of the first to indicate to the nation that race was not simply a problem for the Deep South. Baltimore's history and geography make it a perfect case study to examine the NAACP and various phases of the civil rights struggle in the twentieth century

African American Fraternities and Sororities

Author : Tamara Brown
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813172039
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis African American Fraternities and Sororities by : Tamara Brown

Download or read book African American Fraternities and Sororities written by Tamara Brown and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2005-03-11 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision explores the rich past and bright future of the nine Black Greek-Letter organizations that make up the National Pan-Hellenic Council. In the long tradition of African American benevolent and secret societies, intercollegiate African American fraternities and sororities have strong traditions of fostering brotherhood and sisterhood among their members, exerting considerable influence in the African American community, and being on the forefront of civic action, community service, and philanthropy. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Toni Morrison, Arthur Ashe, Carol Moseley Braun, Bill Cosby, Sarah Vaughan, George Washington Carver, Hattie McDaniel , and Bobby Rush are among the many trailblazing members of these organizations. The rolls of African American fraternities and sororities serve as a veritable who’s who among African American leadership in the United States and abroad. African American Fraternities and Sororities places the history of these organizations in context, linking them to other movements and organizations that predated them and tying their history to one of the most important eras of United States history—the Civil Rights struggle. African American Fraternities and Sororities explores various cultural aspects of these organizations such as auxilliary groups, branding, calls, stepping, and the unique role of African American sororities. It also explores such contemporary issues as sexual aggression and alcohol use, college adjustment, and pledging, and provides a critique of Spike Lee’s film School Daze, the only major motion picture to portray African American fraternities and sororities as a central theme. The year 2006 will mark the centennial anniversary of the intercollegiate African American fraternity and sorority movement. Yet, to date, little scholarly attention has been paid to these organizations and the men and women who founded and perpetuated them. African American Fraternities and Sororities reveals the vital social and political functions of these organizations and places them within the history of not only the African American community but the nation as a whole.

Choice

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Choice by :

Download or read book Choice written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Atomic Tunes

Author : Tim Smolko
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253056187
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Atomic Tunes by : Tim Smolko

Download or read book Atomic Tunes written by Tim Smolko and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the soundtrack for a nuclear war? During the Cold War, over 500 songs were written about nuclear weapons, fear of the Soviet Union, civil defense, bomb shelters, McCarthyism, uranium mining, the space race, espionage, the Berlin Wall, and glasnost. This music uncovers aspects of these world-changing events that documentaries and history books cannot. In Atomic Tunes, Tim and Joanna Smolko explore everything from the serious to the comical, the morbid to the crude, showing the widespread concern among musicians coping with the effect of communism on American society and the threat of a nuclear conflict of global proportions. Atomic Tunes presents a musical history of the Cold War, analyzing the songs that capture the fear of those who lived under the shadow of Stalin, Sputnik, mushroom clouds, and missiles.