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The Papers Of Clarence Mitchell
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Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1946-1950 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1946-1950 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Born in Baltimore in 1911, the late Clarence Mitchell Jr., was a pivotal figure in the fight for civil rights in America. He led the struggle for passage of the 1957 Civil Rights Act, the 1960 Civil Rights Act, the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the 1965 Voting Rights Act, and the 1968 Fair Housing Act. Volumes I and II of Mitchell's papers, part of a projected five-volume documentary edition, illuminate his work with the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC). Volume III documents the extent to which Mitchell, as labor secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and then director of the NAACP's Washington Bureau, made his program for the creation of a permanent FEPC central to his quest for presidential leadership in civil rights. As a result of Mitchell's work in this period, President Truman in 1948 issued an order barring discrimination in federal employment and created a board to review discrimination complaints. The Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954-a ruling that in effect said segregation and discrimination were one-cleared the path for Mitchell to intensify his fight for passage of civil rights laws that were grounded in the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Volume III is an invaluable reference in tracing Mitchell's greatest contribution to the strengthening of American democracy by getting Congress, the courts, and the executive branch to join together in upholding the Constitutional rights of African Americans. ABOUT THE EDITOR--- Denton L. Watson, formerly director of public relations for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, is associate professor at SUNY College at Old Westbury and project director and editor of The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr. He is author of Lion in the Lobby, Clarence Mitchell, Jr.'s Struggle for the Passage of Civil Rights Laws.
Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume VI by : Clarence Mitchell Jr.
Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume VI written by Clarence Mitchell Jr. and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Civil Rights Act of 1960 aimed to close loopholes in its 1957 predecessor that had allowed continued voter disenfranchisement for African Americans and for Mexicans in Texas. In early 1959, the newly seated Eighty-Sixth Congress had four major civil rights bills under consideration. Eventually consolidated into the 1960 Civil Rights Act, their purpose was to correct the weaknesses in the 1957 law. Mitchell’s papers from 1959 to 1960 show the extent to which congressional resistance to the passage of meaningful civil rights laws contributed to the lunch counter sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina, and to subsequent demonstrations. The papers reveal how the repercussions of these events affected the NAACP’s work in Washington and how, despite their dislike of demonstrations, NAACP officials used them to intensify the civil rights struggle. Among the act’s seven titles were provisions authorizing federal inspection of local voter registration rolls and penalties for anyone attempting to interfere with voters on the basis of race or color. The law extended the powers of the US Commission on Civil Rights and broadened the legal definition of the verb to vote to encompass all elements of the process: registering, casting a ballot, and properly counting that ballot. Ultimately, Mitchell considered the 1960 act unsuccessful because Congress had failed to include key amendments that would have further strengthened the 1957 act. In the House, representatives used parliamentary tactics to stall employment protections, school desegregation, poll-tax elimination, and other meaningful civil rights reforms. The fight would continue. The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. series is a detailed record of the NAACP leader’s success in bringing the legislative branch together with the judicial and executive branches to provide civil rights protections during the twentieth century.
Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V by : Clarence Mitchell Jr
Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V written by Clarence Mitchell Jr and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1957 Civil Rights Act was the first successful lobbying campaign by an organization dedicated to that purpose since Reconstruction. Building on the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, the law marked a turning point for the legislative branch in the struggle to accord Black citizens full equality under the Constitution.
Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1942-1943 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1942-1943 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clarence Mitchell Jr. was the driving force in the struggle for civil rights in America. Volumes I and II, part of the projected five-volume The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., document Mitchell's crucial role during the Roosevelt years of getting the Congress to join the courts and the president in upholding the Constitutional rights of all Americans.
Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clarence Mitchell Jr. was the driving force in the struggle for civil rights in America. Volumes I and II, part of the projected five-volume The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., document Mitchell's crucial role during the Roosevelt years of getting the Congress to join the courts and the president in upholding the Constitutional rights of all Americans.
Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell (Jr.)
Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1944-1946 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V by : Clarence Mitchell Jr.
Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr., Volume V written by Clarence Mitchell Jr. and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume V of The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. records the successful effort to pass the 1957 Civil Rights Act: the first federal civil rights legislation since 1875. Prior to the US Supreme Court’s landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, the NAACP had faced an impenetrable wall of opposition from southerners in Congress. Basing their assertions on the court’s 1896 “separate but equal” decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, legislators from the South maintained that their Jim Crow system was nondiscriminatory and thus constitutional. In their view, further civil rights laws were unnecessary. In ruling that legally mandated segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, the Brown decision demolished the southerners’ argument. Mitchell then launched the decisive stage of the struggle to pass modern civil rights laws. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first comprehensive lobbying campaign by an organization dedicated to that purpose since Reconstruction. Coming on the heels of the Brown decision, the 1957 law was a turning point in the struggle to accord Black citizens full equality under the Constitution. The act’s passage, however, was nearly derailed in the Senate by southern opposition and Senator Strom Thurmond’s record-setting filibuster, which lasted more than twenty-four hours. Congress later weakened several provisions of the act but—crucially—it broke a psychological barrier to the legislative enactment of such measures. The Papers of Clarence Mitchell Jr. is a detailed record of the NAACP leader’s success in bringing the legislative branch together with the judicial and executive branches to provide civil rights protections during the twentieth century.
Book Synopsis The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1951-1954 by : Clarence Maurice Mitchell
Download or read book The Papers of Clarence Mitchell, Jr: 1951-1954 written by Clarence Maurice Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? by : Alexander Keyssar
Download or read book Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? written by Alexander Keyssar and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New Statesman Book of the Year “America’s greatest historian of democracy now offers an extraordinary history of the most bizarre aspect of our representative democracy—the electoral college...A brilliant contribution to a critical current debate.” —Lawrence Lessig, author of They Don’t Represent Us Every four years, millions of Americans wonder why they choose their presidents through an arcane institution that permits the loser of the popular vote to become president and narrows campaigns to swing states. Congress has tried on many occasions to alter or scuttle the Electoral College, and in this master class in American political history, a renowned Harvard professor explains its confounding persistence. After tracing the tangled origins of the Electoral College back to the Constitutional Convention, Alexander Keyssar outlines the constant stream of efforts since then to abolish or reform it. Why have they all failed? The complexity of the design and partisan one-upmanship have a lot to do with it, as do the difficulty of passing constitutional amendments and the South’s long history of restrictive voting laws. By revealing the reasons for past failures and showing how close we’ve come to abolishing the Electoral College, Keyssar offers encouragement to those hoping for change. “Conclusively demonstrates the absurdity of preserving an institution that has been so contentious throughout U.S. history and has not infrequently produced results that defied the popular will.” —Michael Kazin, The Nation “Rigorous and highly readable...shows how the electoral college has endured despite being reviled by statesmen from James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Andrew Jackson to Edward Kennedy, Bob Dole, and Gerald Ford.” —Lawrence Douglas, Times Literary Supplement
Book Synopsis Lion in the Lobby by : Denton L. Watson
Download or read book Lion in the Lobby written by Denton L. Watson and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clarence Mitchell, Jr. is unique in the pantheon of civil rights history. Born in Baltimore on March 18, 1911, he led the struggle in Washington for passage of the civil rights laws and promulgation of constructive national policies to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and all other citizens suffering discrimination because of race, national origin, religion, sex, age, or sexual orientation. Lion in the Lobby chronicles Mitchell's life story and mission of getting the Congress to join the courts and the Executive Branch in upholding the Constitution in order to fulfill the NAACP's egalitarian philosophy. He worked with seven presidents, from Harry Truman to Jimmy Carter, to build a legacy of advocacy that won him the popular moniker of 101st senator and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1978. This revised edition is strengthened by a detailed account of the bitter battle within the NAACP over Mitchell's retirement. It also offers a fuller picture of Mitchell's differences with the philosophy of nonviolence.
Download or read book Jet written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-03-24 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The weekly source of African American political and entertainment news.
Download or read book Jet written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-03-24 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The weekly source of African American political and entertainment news.
Book Synopsis Home Front Battles by : Charles C. Bolton
Download or read book Home Front Battles written by Charles C. Bolton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Home Front Battles examines the many effects of World War II economic and military mobilization on the Deep South. It also underscores one of the primary home front battles, which began with the passage of the Selective Training and Service Act in 1940 and the creation of the Fair Employment Practices Committee in 1941, banning discriminatory military training and employment practices and making it clear that the federal government would be promoting the ideal of nondiscrimination as part of its wartime mobilization efforts. In the Deep South, where race relations were already tense, these directives and southern tradition clashed.
Book Synopsis Bourgeois Radicals by : Carol Anderson
Download or read book Bourgeois Radicals written by Carol Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bourgeois Radicals explores the NAACP's key role in the liberation of Africans and Asians across the globe even as it fought Jim Crow on the home front during the long civil rights movement. In the eyes of the NAACP's leaders, the way to create a stable international system, stave off communism in Africa and Asia, and prevent capitalist exploitation was to embed human rights, with its economic and cultural protections, in the transformation of colonies into nations. Indeed, the NAACP aided in the liberation struggles of multiple African and Asian countries within the limited ideological space of the Second Red Scare. However, its vision of a "third way" to democracy and nationhood for the hundreds of millions in Asia and Africa was only partially realized due to a toxic combination of the Cold War, Jim Crow, and die-hard imperialism. Bourgeois Radicals examines the toll that internationalism took on the organization and illuminates the linkages between the struggle for human rights and the fight for colonial independence.
Download or read book Roy Wilkins written by Yvonne Ryan and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roy Wilkins (1901--1981) spent forty-six years of his life serving the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and led the organization for more than twenty years. Under his leadership, the NAACP spearheaded efforts that contributed to landmark civil rights legislation, including the 1964 Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act. In Roy Wilkins: The Quiet Revolutionary and the NAACP, Yvonne Ryan offers the first biography of this influential activist, as well as an analysis of his significant contributions to civil rights in America. While activists in Alabama were treading the highways between Selma and Montgomery, Wilkins was walking the corridors of power in Washington, D.C., working tirelessly in the background to ensure that the rights they fought for were protected through legislation and court rulings. With his command of congressional procedure and networking expertise, Wilkins was regarded as a strong and trusted presence on Capitol Hill, and received greater access to the Oval Office than any other civil rights leader during the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson. Roy Wilkins fills a significant gap in the history of the civil rights movement, objectively exploring the career and impact of one of its forgotten leaders. The quiet revolutionary, who spent his life navigating the Washington political system, affirmed the extraordinary and courageous efforts of the many men and women who braved the dangers of the southern streets and challenged injustice to achieve equal rights for all Americans.
Download or read book Laboured Protest written by Oliver Ayers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians have long realized the US civil rights movement pre-dated Martin Luther King Jr., but they disagree on where, when and why it started. Laboured Protest offers new answers in a study of black political protest during the New Deal and Second World War. It finds a diverse movement where activists from the left operated alongside, and often in competition with, others who signed up to liberal or nationalist political platforms. Protestors in this period often struggled to challenge the different types of discrimination facing black workers, but their energetic campaigning was part of a more complex, and ultimately more interesting, movement than previously thought.
Book Synopsis Texas and Texans in World War II by : Christopher B. Bean
Download or read book Texas and Texans in World War II written by Christopher B. Bean and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-24 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Texans in World War II offers an informative look at the challenges and changes faced by Texans on the home front during the Second World War. This collection of essays by leading scholars of Texas history covers topics from the African American and Tejano experience to organized labor, from the expanding opportunities for women to the importance of oil and agriculture. Texans in World War II makes local the frequently studied social history of wartime, bringing it home to Texas. An eye-opening read for Texans eager to learn more about this defining era in their state’s history, this book will also prove deeply informative for scholars, students, and general readers seeking detailed, definitive information about World War II and its implications for daily life, economic growth, and social and political change in the Lone Star State.
