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The Nutritional Ecology Of The New Zealand Butterfish Odax Pullus
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Book Synopsis The Nutritional Ecology of the New Zealand Butterfish Odax Pullus by : Jethro S. Johnson
Download or read book The Nutritional Ecology of the New Zealand Butterfish Odax Pullus written by Jethro S. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis examined the nutritional ecology of a single species of marine herbivorous fish, the New Zealand butterfish Odax pullus (Labridae). Its aim was to establish whether this species could provide any evidence for a temperature constraint on digestion in an ectothermic herbivore foraging at high latitudes. Specimens of wild O. pullus were sampled across three locations within New Zealand, which covered a latitudinal range of 11° and encompassed a year-round temperature range of 10-22oC. Diet was determined through examination of ingested material and also through analysis of stable isotopes (15N and 13C) in diet and consumer tissues. The nutrient content of material in the foregut of captured fish was quantified on the basis of ash, total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA), total lipid, and hydrolysable neutral sugars (including the sugar-alcohol mannitol). Assimilation efficiencies were calculated and, subsequently, digestion was also considered in terms of the pattern of changing nutrient concentrations along the gut. Finally, digestive activity in the hindgut was characterised using a metabolite profiling approach. An ontogenetic change in the diet of juvenile O. pullus was observed at all locations. During early development, fish switched from an omnivorous diet of epiphytic rhodophyte algae and epiphytic invertebrates to an herbivorous diet dominated by phaeophyte algae. Diet switching coincided with a decrease in ingested protein and lipid concentrations and a corresponding increase in the ingested concentration of crude carbohydrate. However, even on an herbivorous diet, juveniles ingested a higher protein to carbohydrate ratio than adult fish. Differences in the size at which the ontogenetic diet switch occurred were observed across locations. Since these differences also coincided with variation in the availability of dietary algae, they could not be interpreted as evidence for a temperature constraint on the development of herbivory in this species. Seasonal effects on the diet and nutrition of adult fish were examined at a single location (36°S), and significant variation in diet across the year was found for both sexes. Variation in ingested nutrient content was significant for female fish; where a high protein to mannitol intake was related to changes in nutritional demand associated with spawning activity. Nutrient assimilation efficiencies did not vary significantly across seasons, except for mannitol, which was utilised with greater efficiency during the colder half of the year. Across locations, diet analysis revealed that adult O. pullus were exclusively herbivorous during the months that sampling took place (December - February), and stable isotope analysis supported the conclusion that fish at all locations were herbivorous year-round. Ingested concentrations of protein were consistent across locations. Furthermore, mannitol was consistently present in the diet at greater concentrations than any other sugar measured and was utilised with near 100% efficiency. Comparisons of digestive activity and nutrient assimilation along the gut indicated similar levels of hindgut microbial activity at all locations. On the basis of these results it was concluded that hindgut fermentation of mannitol made a significant contribution to the nutrition of O.pullus throughout the majority of its natural species range. This study therefore provides no evidence to suggest that the digestion of algal material by a marine ectothermic herbivore is constrained by decreasing temperatures associated with latitude".
Book Synopsis The Nutritional Ecology of Odax Pullus (Odacidae) by : Edward J. C. Baker
Download or read book The Nutritional Ecology of Odax Pullus (Odacidae) written by Edward J. C. Baker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Herbivorous fishes are important to reef ecology because as primary consumers they influence the flux of nutrients through reef ecosystems. Relatively little is known of the feeding habits and digestive physiology of marine herbivorous fishes. The temperate odacine Odax pullus inhabit shallow reef environments in New Zealand waters and are unusual in being one of a very small number of fish species to subsist on phaeophytes in cool water. O. pullus are currently harvested from the wild on a limited commercial scale and have recently been spawned in captivity with a view to future aquaculture. This study is the first of its kind to analyse the nutritional ecology via feeding behavior, throughput time and assimilation efficiency of captive O. pullus, and provides a framework for the formulation of an optimal diet. Feeding behavior was evaluated through a series of experiments in which O. pullus was offered either no choice of diet or multiple algal species from which to feed. O. pullus consumed more of the algae with the higher nitrogen content (Undaria pinnatifida) when this alga was offered as a monospecific diet and also when offered as choice between Ecklonia radiata, Carpophyllum maschalocarpum and Macrocystis pyrifera. Throughput time and assimilation efficiency (of nitrogen and organic matter) for each of these algae was determined to provide an estimate of their relative values to O. pullus. U. pinnatifida and M. pyrifera tended to have shorter throughput times and higher assimilation efficiencies than E. radiata and C. maschalocarpum. A radiographic bead technique was used to measure throughput time which, to my knowledge, is the first time this technique has been used for an herbivorous fish. Un-assimilable ash was used as a marker to determine assimilation efficiency, which also to my knowledge, is the first time insoluble ash has been used as a marker for a fish with a basic gut pH. The results produced by these techniques are therefore more accurate when compared to other indirect methods used to estimate throughput time and assimilation efficiency in other fishes. The aquaculture perspective taken by this thesis provides a practical example of the importance of integrative nutritional approaches that examine plant-herbivore interactions from the perspective of both post-ingestive processes and consumer behaviour"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Age, Growth, Mortality, and Yield Per Recruit of Butterfish (Odax Pullus) in Cook Strait, New Zealand by :
Download or read book Age, Growth, Mortality, and Yield Per Recruit of Butterfish (Odax Pullus) in Cook Strait, New Zealand written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Zealand Marine Sciences Society Review by :
Download or read book New Zealand Marine Sciences Society Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs of the Red Sea by : Christian R. Voolstra
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Red Sea written by Christian R. Voolstra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a complete review and reference work for scientists, engineers, and students concerned with coral reefs in the Red Sea. It provides an up-to-date review on the geology, ecology, and physiology of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea, including data from most recent molecular studies. The Red Sea harbours a set of unique ecological characteristics, such as high temperature, high alkalinity, and high salinity, in a quasi-isolated environment. This makes it a perfect laboratory to study and understand adaptation in regard to the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. This book can be used as a general reference, guide, or textbook.
Book Synopsis National Agricultural Library Catalog by : National Agricultural Library (U.S.)
Download or read book National Agricultural Library Catalog written by National Agricultural Library (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Algae Biotechnology written by Faizal Bux and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the utilization of algae for the development of useful products and processes with the emphasis towards green technologies and processes, and the requirements to make these viable. Serving as a complete reference guide to the production of biofuels and other value added products from micro and macro algae, it covers various aspects of algal biotechnology from the basics to large scale cultivation, harvesting and processing for a variety of products. It is authored and edited by respected world experts in the field of algal biotechnology and provides the most up to date and cutting edge information on developments in the field. Over the past decade there has been substantial focus and related literature on the application of algal biomass for the generation of novel processes and products. ‘Algae Biotechnology: Products and Processes’ encompasses a holistic approach to critically evaluating developments in the field of algal biotechnology whilst taking into account recent advances and building on the body of knowledge. Aspects of the effects of harmful algae are also discussed, as well as the potential commercial application of algal biotechnology, the techno-economic feasibility of algal biodiesel production and the use of genetic and metabolic engineering for the improvement of yield. Other bioenergy sources such as alcohol fuels, aviation fuels, biohydrogen and biogas are also covered. This book is intended for postgraduates and researchers working in the biofuels and algal industry; it constitutes ideal reference material for both early stage and established researchers.
Book Synopsis The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes by : Tony J. Pitcher
Download or read book The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes written by Tony J. Pitcher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the behaviour of teleosts, a well-defined, highly successful, taxonomic group of vertebrate animals sharing a common body plan and forming the vast majority of living bony fishes. There are weH over 22000 living species of teleosts, including nearly all those of importance in com mercial fisheries and aquaculture. Teleosts are represented injust about every conceivable aquatic environment from temporary desert pools to the deep ocean, from soda lakes to sub-zero Antarctic waters. Behaviour is the primary interface between these effective survival machines and their environment: behavioural plasticity is one of the keys to their success. The study of animal behaviour has undergone revolutionary changes in the past decade under the dual impact of behavioural ecology and sociobiology. The modern body of theory provides quantitatively testable and experi mentaHy accessible hypotheses. Much current work in animal behaviour has concentrated on birds and mammals, animals with ostensibly more complex structure, physiology and behavioural capacity, but there is a growing body of information about the behaviour of fishes. There is now increasing awareness that the same ecological and evolutionary rules govern teleost fish, and that their behaviour is not just a simplified version of that seen in birds and mammals. The details of fish behaviour intimately reflect unique and efficient adaptations to their three-dimensional aquatic environment.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs by : Peter F. Sale
Download or read book The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs written by Peter F. Sale and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1991 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the ecology of coral reef fishes presented by top researchers from North America and Australia. Immense strides have been made over the past twenty years in our understanding of ecological systems in general and of reef fish ecology in particular. Many of the methodologies that reef fish ecologists use in their studies will be useful to a wider audience of ecologists for the design of their ecological studies. Significant among the impacts of the research on reef fish ecology are the development of nonequilibrium models of community organization, more emphasis on the role of recruitment variability in structuring local assemblages, the development and testing of evolutionary models of social organization and reproductive biology, and new insights into predator-prey and plant-herbivore interactions.
Book Synopsis Plant-animal Interactions by : Warren G. Abrahamson
Download or read book Plant-animal Interactions written by Warren G. Abrahamson and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1989 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thorough coverage of multitrophic-level plant-animal interactions. Discusses a wide range of significant aspects, such as herbivore-plant interactions (with coverage of insects as well as mammals), carnivorous plant ecology and evolution, pollination and population dispersal agents, plant communities as habitats for animals, interactions in agroecosystems, and coevolution.
Book Synopsis Food Intake in Fish by : Dominic Houlihan
Download or read book Food Intake in Fish written by Dominic Houlihan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intake of food by fishes is an area of study that is of great importance to the applied sciences of fisheries and aquaculture for a number of reasons. For example a thorough knowledge of factors influencing the ingestion of feed can lead to successful manipulation of the rearing environment of cultured fishes, thereby ensuring improved growth performance and feed utilisation, and decreasing the amount of waste (and consequent pollution) per unit of fish produced. This important book, which has arisen out of a European Union COST programme, illustrates how insights into the biological and environmental factors that underlie the feeding responses of fish may be used to address practical issues of feed management. Food Intake in Fish contains carefully edited contributions from internationally recognised scientists, providing a book that is an invaluable tool and reference to all those involved in aquaculture, especially those working in the aquaculture feed industry and scientific personnel in commercial and research aquaculture facilities. This book should also find a place on the shelves of fish biologists and physiologists and as a reference in libraries of universities, research establishments and aquaculture equipment companies.
Book Synopsis Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates by : Warren Franklin Walker
Download or read book Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates written by Warren Franklin Walker and published by Houghton Mifflin. This book was released on 1994 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seaweeds of New Zealand by : Nancy Mary Adams
Download or read book Seaweeds of New Zealand written by Nancy Mary Adams and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large and attractively produced reference book and the only comprehensive book on its subject. Intended for both amateur naturalists and professional botanists. Illustrated with the author's water-colours and including details of microscopic cell structure. The book has an introduction on distribution, ecology, collection and study of seaweeds in New Zealand, full references, glossary and index. The author is a former curator of algae at the (now) Museum of New Zealand.
Book Synopsis The Antarctic Dictionary by : Bernadette Hince
Download or read book The Antarctic Dictionary written by Bernadette Hince and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000-11-10 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s most isolated continent has spawned some of the most unusual words in the English language. In the space of a mere century, a remarkable vocabulary has evolved to deal with the extraordinary environment and living organisms of the Antarctic and subantarctic. Here, for the first time, is a complete guide to the origin and definitions of Antarctic words. Like other historical dictionaries, The Antarctic Dictionary gives the reader quotations for each word. These quotations are the life-blood of the dictionary — more than 15 000 quotations from about 1000 different sources give the reader a unique insight into the way the language of Antarctica has evolved. The reader will find out what it means to be slotted, the shortcomings of homers, the joys of a donga and the hazards of a growler. The Antarctic Dictionary has been meticulously researched, and will appeal to all those who have been to the frozen continent or have ever dreamed of going there. It will also appeal to those fascinated by the development of language. With a forward by Sir Ranulph Fiennes.
Book Synopsis Reef Fisheries by : Polunin Nicholas V.C.
Download or read book Reef Fisheries written by Polunin Nicholas V.C. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reef ecosystems extend throughout the tropics. Exploited by small-scale fishers, reefs supply food for millions of people, but, worldwide, there are growing worries about the productivity and current state of these ecosystems. Reef fish stocks display many features of fisheries elsewhere. However, habitat spatial complexity, biological diversity within and among species, ecosystem intricacy and variable means of exploitation make it hard to predict sustainable modes and levels of fishing.
Book Synopsis The Biology and Ecology of Giant Kelp Forests by : David R. Schiel
Download or read book The Biology and Ecology of Giant Kelp Forests written by David R. Schiel and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in lush canopies, giant kelp provides an extensive vertical habitat in a largely two-dimensional seascape. It is the foundation for one of the most species-rich, productive, and widely distributed ecological communities in the world. Schiel and Foster’s scholarly review and synthesis take the reader from Darwin’s early observations to contemporary research, providing a historical perspective for the modern understanding of giant kelp evolution, biogeography, biology, and physiology. The authors furnish a comprehensive discussion of kelp species and forest ecology worldwide, with considerations of human uses and abuses, management and conservation, and the current and likely future impacts of global change. This volume promises to be the definitive treatise and reference on giant kelp and its forests for many years, and it will appeal to marine scientists and others who want a better appreciation and understanding of these wondrous forests of the sea.
