The Nitrogen Cycle At Regional To Global Scales

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The Nitrogen Cycle at Regional to Global Scales

Author : Elizabeth W. Boyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401734054
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nitrogen Cycle at Regional to Global Scales by : Elizabeth W. Boyer

Download or read book The Nitrogen Cycle at Regional to Global Scales written by Elizabeth W. Boyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue is the final report from the International SCOPE Project on Nitrogen Transport and Transformations: A Regional and Global Analysis. SCOPE (the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, ICSU) authorized the Nitrogen Project as an 8-year effort between 1994 and 2002 because of the need to better understand how humans have altered nitrogen cyc1ing globally and at the scale of large regions. Human activity has more than doubled the rate of formation of reactive nitrogen on the land surface of the earth, and the nitrogen cyc1e continues to accelerate. The distribution of this reactive nitrogen is not uniform, though, and some regions such as Europe and Asia have seen massive increases in reactive nitrogen, while other regions have seen little change. The SCOPE Nitrogen Project has synthesized detailed information on the nature of the human alteration of the nitrogen cyc1e through aseries of workshops over the past 8 years. These cumulatively have involved over 250 of previous workshops scientists from over 20 different nations. The results have been published in aseries of special journal issues and reports that synthesize information on nitrogen in the North Atlantic Ocean and its water sheds (Howarth 1996), nitrogen cycling in Asia (Hong-Chi Lin et al. 1996; Mosier et al.

Nitrogen Cycling in the Americas: Natural and Anthropogenic Influences and Controls

Author : Luiz A. Martinelli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140205517X
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Cycling in the Americas: Natural and Anthropogenic Influences and Controls by : Luiz A. Martinelli

Download or read book Nitrogen Cycling in the Americas: Natural and Anthropogenic Influences and Controls written by Luiz A. Martinelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in our understanding of the nitrogen cycle and the impact of anthropogenic activities on regional to global scales depend on the expansion of scientific studies to these fast-developing regions. This book presents a series of studies from across the Americas whose aim is to highlight key natural processes that control nitrogen cycling as well as discuss the main anthropogenic influences on the nitrogen cycle in both the tropical and temperate regions of the Americas.

Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle

Author : Arvin Mosier
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1597267430
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle by : Arvin Mosier

Download or read book Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle written by Arvin Mosier and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.

Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System

Author : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080507408
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System by : Ernst-Detlef Schulze

Download or read book Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interactions of biogeochemical cycles influence and maintain our climate system. Land use and fossil fuel emissions are currently impacting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans. This edited volume brings together 27 scholarly contributions on the state of our knowledge of earth system interactions among the oceans, land, and atmosphere. A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic and paleobiotic context for investigating these complex interrelationships. * Eight-page colour insert to highlight the latest research * A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.

Nitrogen in the Marine Environment

Author : Edward J. Carpenter
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483288293
Total Pages : 900 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen in the Marine Environment by : Edward J. Carpenter

Download or read book Nitrogen in the Marine Environment written by Edward J. Carpenter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Marine Environment provides information pertinent to the many aspects of the nitrogen cycle. This book presents the advances in ocean productivity research, with emphasis on the role of microbes in nitrogen transformations with excursions to higher trophic levels. Organized into 24 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the abundance and distribution of the various forms of nitrogen in a number of estuaries. This text then provides a comparison of the nitrogen cycling of various ecosystems within the marine environment. Other chapters consider chemical distributions and methodology as an aid to those entering the field. This book discusses as well the enzymology of the initial steps of inorganic nitrogen assimilation. The final chapter deals with the philosophy and application of modeling as an investigative method in basic research on nitrogen dynamics in coastal and open-ocean marine environments. This book is a valuable resource for plant biochemists, microbiologists, aquatic ecologists, and bacteriologists.

The European Nitrogen Assessment

Author : Mark A. Sutton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139501372
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis The European Nitrogen Assessment by : Mark A. Sutton

Download or read book The European Nitrogen Assessment written by Mark A. Sutton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the first continental-scale assessment of reactive nitrogen in the environment, this book sets the related environmental problems in context by providing a multidisciplinary introduction to the nitrogen cycle processes. Issues of upscaling from farm plot and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail with emphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. The five key societal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe, including the first cost-benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and future scenarios. Incorporating comprehensive maps, a handy technical synopsis and a summary for policy makers, this landmark volume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines, as well as stakeholders and policy makers. It is also a valuable tool in communicating the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Author : Joyce E. Penner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521663007
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Aviation and the Global Atmosphere by : Joyce E. Penner

Download or read book Aviation and the Global Atmosphere written by Joyce E. Penner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-06-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report is the most comprehensive assessment available on the effects of aviation on the global atmosphere. The report considers all the gases and particles emitted by aircraft that modify the chemical properties of the atmosphere, leading to changes in radiative properties and climate change, and modification of the ozone layer, leading to changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth. This volume provides accurate, unbiased, policy-relevant information and is designed to serve the aviation industry and the expert and policymaking communities.

Nitrogen, the Confer-N-s

Author : K. van der Hoek
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080984681
Total Pages : 813 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen, the Confer-N-s by : K. van der Hoek

Download or read book Nitrogen, the Confer-N-s written by K. van der Hoek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First International Nitrogen Conference provided an opportunity for researchers and decision-makers to exchange information on environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds on three scales: global, continental/regional and local. The main topics were air, ground water and surface water pollution; emission sources, atmospheric chemistry, deposition processes and effects; disturbance of nitrogen cycles, critical loads and levels; assessments, policy development and evaluation; target groups and abatement techniques; and new approaches leading to an integrated abatement strategy.The peer-reviewed papers from the Conference presented in this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive review of the transport, deposition and impact on ecosystems of nitrogen.

Atmospheric Chemistry

Author : Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1164 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Chemistry by : Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts

Download or read book Atmospheric Chemistry written by Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1986 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of the new and emerging discipline of atmospheric chemistry. Starting with the fundamentals of kinetics and photochemistry, it shows how the experimental techniques in these areas are applied to the study and control of chemical reactions in the troposphere. Gives detailed analysis of such major societal issues as smog, acid rain and volatile toxic organics, and treats the seven criteria pollutants considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be hazardous, as well as a variety of trace non-criteria pollutants, such as those cited in the Clean Air Act of 1977. Also included is a comprehensive bibliography and over 340 illustrations.

The Indian Nitrogen Assessment

Author : YP Abrol
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128119047
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis The Indian Nitrogen Assessment by : YP Abrol

Download or read book The Indian Nitrogen Assessment written by YP Abrol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian Nitrogen Assessment: Sources of Reactive Nitrogen, Environmental and Climate Effects, and Management Options and Policies provides a reference for anyone interested in Reactive N, from researchers and students, to environmental managers. Although the main processes that affect the N cycle are well known, this book is focused on the causes and effects of disruption in the N cycle, specifically in India. The book helps readers gain a precise understanding of the scale of nitrogen use, misuse, and release through various agricultural, industrial, vehicular, and other activities, also including discussions on its contribution to the pollution of water and air. Drawing upon the collective work of the Indian Nitrogen Group, this reference book helps solve the challenges associated with providing reliable estimates of nitrogen transfers within different ecosystems, also presenting the next steps that should be taken in the development of balanced, cost-effective, and feasible strategies to reduce the amount of reactive nitrogen. Identifies all significant sources of reactive nitrogen flows and their contribution to the nitrogen-cycle on a national, regional, and global level Covers nitrogen management across sectors, including the environment, food security, energy, and health Provides a single reference on reactive nitrogen in India to help in a number of activities, including the evaluation, analysis, synthesis, documentation, and communications on reactive nitrogen

Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean

Author : G Philip Robertson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789024727193
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (271 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean by : G Philip Robertson

Download or read book Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean written by G Philip Robertson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982-11-30 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large and rapidly expanding body ofliterature related to nitrogen cycling in both managed and native terrestrial ecosystems reflects the importance accorded to the behaviour of this vital and often limiting nutrient. Research at the organism, ecosystem and landscape levels commonly addresses questions concerning nitrogen acquisition, internal cycling and retention. Goals for this research include increased agricultural productivity and a better understanding of human impact on local, regional and global nitrogen cycles. Nitrogen cycle research in tropical regions has a long and distinguished history. Research on different aspects of nitrogen cycling in ecosystems of the tropics has been carried out in many regions. In relatively few instances has there, however, been a focus on the biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem level. The meeting resulting in this volume was an attempt to bring together existing information on nitrogen cycling in ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean and discuss this in an ecosystem context.

Advances in Integrated Soil Fertility Management in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

Author : Andre Bationo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402057601
Total Pages : 1051 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Integrated Soil Fertility Management in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities by : Andre Bationo

Download or read book Advances in Integrated Soil Fertility Management in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities written by Andre Bationo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-16 with total page 1051 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food insecurity is a fundamental challenge to human welfare and economic growth in Africa. Low agricultural production leads to low incomes, poor nutrition, vulnerability to risk and threat and lack of empowerment. This book offers a comprehensive synthesis of agricultural research and development experiences from sub-Saharan Africa. The text highlights practical lessons from the sub-Saharan Africa region.

Just Enough Nitrogen

Author : Mark A. Sutton
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030580652
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Just Enough Nitrogen by : Mark A. Sutton

Download or read book Just Enough Nitrogen written by Mark A. Sutton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a unique collection of contributions addressing both the ‘too much’ and ‘too little’ sides of the nitrogen story. Building on analyses started at the 6th International Nitrogen Conference, Kampala, the book explores the idea of ‘just enough nitrogen’: sufficient for sustainable food production, but not so much as to lead to unsustainable pollution and climate problems. The range of nitrogen threats examined, solutions evaluated and science-policy analyses presented here has provided the foundation to agree the ‘Kampala Statement-for-Action on Nitrogen in Africa and Globally,’ as reported in this volume. Humanity today faces unprecedented challenges: How to feed a growing population? How to reduce air pollution, water pollution and climate change? How to handle regional differences in an era of increasing globalization? These questions are at the heart of this edited volume which examines the multi-dimensional nature of the global nitrogen challenge. While humans have massively altered the nitrogen cycle, the consequences have become polarized. Some regions have too much nitrogen, associated with pollution and wasteful use of a valuable resource, while other regions have too little nitrogen, leading to constraints on food production and depletion of soil nutrient stocks. The volume provides a unique collection of contributions addressing both the ‘too much’ and ‘too little’ sides of the nitrogen story. Building on analyses started at the 6th International Nitrogen Conference, Kampala, the book explores the idea of ‘just enough nitrogen’: sufficient for sustainable food production, but not so much as to lead to unsustainable pollution and climate problems. The range of nitrogen threats examined, solutions evaluated and science-policy analyses presented here has provided the foundation to agree the ‘Kampala Statement-for-Action on Nitrogen in Africa and Globally,’ as reported in this volume. Together, the contributions in this book are now informing actions by the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) in working with the United Nations Environment Programme and others to establish the International Nitrogen Management System (INMS). A key outcome has been to catalyse development of the first Resolution on Sustainable Nitrogen Management, as adopted by the fourth UN Environment Assembly (UNEA/EA.4/Res.14). The work is written for researchers and policy makers and all those interested in seeing how sustainable nitrogen management can contribute to meeting many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems and Management

Author : R.F. Follett
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0080537561
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems and Management by : R.F. Follett

Download or read book Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems and Management written by R.F. Follett and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.

Enriching the Earth

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262693134
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Enriching the Earth by : Vaclav Smil

Download or read book Enriching the Earth written by Vaclav Smil and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-02-27 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Smil is the world's authority on nitrogenous fertilizer. The industrial synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen has been of greater fundamental importance to the modern world than the invention of the airplane, nuclear energy, space flight, or television. The expansion of the world's population from 1.6 billion people in 1900 to today's six billion would not have been possible without the synthesis of ammonia. In Enriching the Earth, Vaclav Smil begins with a discussion of nitrogen's unique status in the biosphere, its role in crop production, and traditional means of supplying the nutrient. He then looks at various attempts to expand natural nitrogen flows through mineral and synthetic fertilizers. The core of the book is a detailed narrative of the discovery of ammonia synthesis by Fritz Haber—a discovery scientists had sought for over one hundred years—and its commercialization by Carl Bosch and the chemical company BASF. Smil also examines the emergence of the large-scale nitrogen fertilizer industry and analyzes the extent of global dependence on the Haber-Bosch process and its biospheric consequences. Finally, it looks at the role of nitrogen in civilization and, in a sad coda, describes the lives of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch after the discovery of ammonia synthesis.

Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309072549
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences by : National Research Council

Download or read book Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists have long sought to unravel the fundamental mysteries of the land, life, water, and air that surround us. But as the consequences of humanity's impact on the planet become increasingly evident, governments are realizing the critical importance of understanding these environmental systemsâ€"and investing billions of dollars in research to do so. To identify high-priority environmental science projects, Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences explores the most important areas of research for the next generation. The book's goal is not to list the world's biggest environmental problems. Rather it is to determine areas of opportunity thatâ€"with a concerted investmentâ€"could yield significant new findings. Nominations for environmental science's "grand" challenges were solicited from thousands of scientists worldwide. Based on their responses, eight major areas of focus were identifiedâ€"areas that offer the potential for a major scientific breakthrough of practical importance to humankind, and that are feasible if given major new funding. The book further pinpoints four areas for immediate action and investment.

Global Implications of the Nitrogen Cycle

Author : Trelita de Sousa
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 152755676X
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Implications of the Nitrogen Cycle by : Trelita de Sousa

Download or read book Global Implications of the Nitrogen Cycle written by Trelita de Sousa and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere and inevitably occupies a predominant role in marine and terrestrial nutrient biogeochemistry and the global climate. Callous human activities, like the excessive industrial nitrogen fixation and the incessant burning of fossil fuels, have caused a massive acceleration of the nitrogen cycle, which has, in turn, led to an increasing trend in eutrophication, smog formation, acid rain, and emission of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas, 300 times more powerful in warming the Earth’s atmosphere than carbon dioxide. This book comprehensively reviews the biotransformation of nitrogen, its ecological significance and the consequences of human interference. It will appeal to environmentalists, ecologists, marine biologists, and microbiologists worldwide, and will serve as a valuable guide to graduates, post-graduates, research scholars, scientists, and professors.