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The Next Generation Of Bone Cements
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Book Synopsis The Next Generation of Bone Cements by : Thomas Potter
Download or read book The Next Generation of Bone Cements written by Thomas Potter and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the fact that bone cement has been utilized since the 1950's, its polymerization, biocompatibility, and ultimate mechanical properties are still considered lacking, which contributes to implant loosening and failure. In this experiment, specialized magnetic calcium phosphate nanoparticles (MCaP) bound with chitosan are used as a filler material within a methyl methacrylate-based bone cement. It was hypothesized that these particles could be used to control the bone cement's polymerization rate through inductive heating via an oscillating magnetic field. Preliminary testing varied N-N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (NDMT) from 0.25-2.00% and 5-30% weight/volume (w/v) MCaP with 0.8% benzoyl peroxide. Optimal polymerization properties were observed at 10% MCaP with 0.5% NDMT; however samples exhibited significant gas evolution, reducing their mechanical properties. Further researched showed that 10% MCaP in the absence of NDMT was capable of inducing polymerization on a reasonable time scale and showed significantly reduced porosity from gas evolution. Though more quantification and testing remains to be done, this research presents promising evolution in the formulation and use of bone cements.
Book Synopsis Bone Cements and Cementing Technique by : U. Henze
Download or read book Bone Cements and Cementing Technique written by U. Henze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G. H. I. M. WALENKAMP, D. W. MURRAY Since the first use of bone cement, there has been much discussion about this important tool in arthroplasty. Many authors consider the cemented prosthesis as the gold standard when evaluating the outcome of primary prostheses. In a large number of total hip arthroplasties, as registered in the Scandi navian Hip Registers, important differences in revision risks have been docu mented between hospitals. These differences are partly due to the use of di verse cement techniques. In the analysis of data, the influence of these tech niques, as well as the different cement types, is clear. A recent disaster with a newly developed cement also illustrated that the quality of the cement must be assured, and that the introduction of a new material must be carefully prepared and followed-up. The new Palamed cement has been developed by the makers of the well known Palacos and Refobacin Palacos, which appeared to be the best ce ments in the Swedish register. An improvement was noted in slightly better handling characteristics, but the end product is the same as Palacos. As men tioned, this cement will be carefully followed-up in the near future. However, its introduction is a good reason to gather the expertise of some of the lead ing figures in the field in this book. II History of Bone Cements CHAPTER 2. 1 Industrial Development of Bone Cement Twenty-Five Years of Experience w. EGE, K. D.
Download or read book Bone Cement written by Hamid Reza Rezaie and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the composition of polymeric and ceramic bone cements. It also discusses complex, biomimetic structures based on biomaterials, such as cells and bioactive molecules, which more closely resemble natural bone The first chapter describes the main concepts of the cementation process and the parameters affecting it, while the second chapter focuses on the composition and structure of candidate biomaterials. Lastly, the third and fourth chapters present recent research aimed at improving the ability of naked biomaterials to enhance bone healing by adding cells and bioactive agents.
Book Synopsis A New Generation of Polymer/ceramic Composite Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration by : Mehrnaz Salarian
Download or read book A New Generation of Polymer/ceramic Composite Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration written by Mehrnaz Salarian and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a substantial emerging interest for fundamental and applied research on the reinforcement of polymeric materials using nanotechnology. In the biomedical industry, development of novel bone cement composite materials with enhanced mechanical properties is of tremendous potential importance. The most universally used injectable bone cement is made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); however, the major disadvantage of PMMA is its non-biodegradability. Polymers such as poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are biodegradable, but suffer from a lack of mechanical properties. The aim of this research was to test the efficacy of these biodegradable polymers integrating nanotechnology for the development of composite biomaterials with improved mechanical properties sufficient for bone cements. This goal was investigated through a range of different studies. Focusing on nanostructured titania (n-TiO2) initially, titania nanofibers (n-TiO2 fibers) and nanowires (n-TiO2 wires) were introduced into a PPF matrix for potential use as an orthopaedic biomaterial to treat skeletal bone defects and diseases such as osteonecrosis. PPF was modified with maleic anhydride to provide functionality for the coordination of PPF to the surface of TiO2 nanofibers through a ring-opening reaction. The synthesis and modification of PPF were confirmed by NMR (1H and 13C) and XPS. The reaction chemistry of the functionalized PPF and nano-TiO2 was also investigated by XPS and FTIR analyses. The PPF-grafted nano-TiO2 was further employed in the development of bone cement composites by crosslinking/polymerization in the presence of N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Mechanical testing of the resulting bone cement composites demonstrated a significant enhancement of the tensile and flexural properties attributed to the chemical bonding between the PPF matrix and TiO2 nanofibers. On the basis of the determined mechanical properties, an optimum composition was found at 5 wt% loading of n-TiO2 fiber (0.5% in the starting composition) which provided a significant increase in Young's modulus (153%), tensile strength (113%), flexural modulus (196%), and flexural strength (126%) when compared with the unfilled PPF. These improvements were attributed to the chemical linkage of the filler to the polymer matrix which enhances the transfer of a mechanical load to the n-TiO2 fiber, leading to an increase in the mechanical properties of the bone cement composite. Secondly, bone formation is an angiogenesis-dependent process, and the need for treatment modalities that enhance neovascularization is especially important for bone regeneration in necrotic bone. A bone cement system capable of delivering an angiogenic modulator in a controlled manner may have the ability to boost the angiogenic response when injected to an osteonecrotic lesion. Therefore, an angiogenic agent, ginsenoside Rg1, was incorporated into an orthopedic PPF-based cement. Additionally, Sr-doped TiO2 nanofibers synthesized in supercritical CO2 were added to the cement formulation as an alternative radiopacifier to enable visualization of the bone cement composites and potential monitoring of the healing and loosening processes. XPS analysis showed that Sr2+ was doped in the crystalline matrix of anatase with the formation of SrTiO3. The strong nterfacial adhesion between PPF and nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS, and thermal analyses and mechanical testing. The Sr-doped n-TiO2 fibers were shown to provide reasonably higher radiopacity to the PPF matrix, which is 0.32 ± 0.03 mm Al, than the unmodified fibers at the same loading level (0.20 ± 0.01 mm Al). In addition, bone cement composites loaded with ginsenoside Rg1 were found to provide a high drug release without sacrificing the mechanical properties of the bone cement. Furthermore, tube formation bioassays suggested that human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines would rearrange and align into a tubular structure in the presence of ginsenoside Rg1. Consequently, the proposed cement combines the immediate mechanical support given by the chemical bonding between the filler/polymer and optimum radiopacity (0.30 ± 0.12 mm Al) due to the incorporation of the Sr-doped TiO2 nanofibers to PPF matrix. Thirdly, because of the unique biological activities of ginsenoside Rg1, upregulating in vitro proliferation, migration, chemo-invasion, and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Rg1 can be incorporated into scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering applications. This incorporation could be achieved by encapsulation of ginsenoside Rg1 in biodegradable microspheres of PPF. Rg1-loaded PPF microspheres were prepared by both a double emulsion and a microfluidic technique for the first time in this research. The size and morphology of the Rg1-loaded PPF microspheres were characterized by SEM, showing unimodal 50-65?m size diameters using the microfluidic technique, ideal for easy flowing powders required in commercial formulations. The PPF microspheres produced from the microfluidic technique gave high encapsulation efficiencies of up to 95.35 ± 0.82%, while those obtained from a conventional double emulsion method gave a much broader size distribution in the range of 2-45?m with lower encapsulation efficiencies of 78.48 ± 1.68%. Release profiles were studied and quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, with the results showing a lower initial burst in the release of Rg1 from the unimodal microspheres prepared by the microfluidic technique than from the double emulsion method. The burst effect was followed by a slow release profile which can be used for long term drug delivery applications to maintain the ginsenoside Rg1 concentration for an extended time period. Moreover, the released Rg1 showed a significant stimulatory effect on angiogenesis behavior and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Therefore, PPF microspheres developed in this study have potential for next-generation biomedical agents in drug-release devices for bone tissue engineering. Finally, the use of hydroxyapatite HAp is rather limited for heavy load-bearing applications due to low mechanical reliability and poor processability. Therefore, immobilization of a biocompatible metal/metal oxide on the surface of HAp has been receiving increased attention for applications involving the enhancement of mechanical properties of biocompatible prostheses. A novel nanostructured HAp and a composite of HAp and TiO2 with ultrafine structure and significantly improved mechanical properties were prepared using combined co-precipitation and sol-gel method in the green solvent, scCO2, and incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix to develop scaffolds with enhanced physical and mechanical properties for bone regeneration. SEM and TEM analyses were employed to examine the morphology of the HAp nanoplates and HAp-TiO2 nanocomposites. The presence of Ti, O, Ca, and P in the HAp-TiO2 nanocomposites was detected by EDX. In addition, the effect of metal alkoxide concentration, reaction temperature, and pressure on the morphology, crystallinity, and surface area of the resulting nanostructured composites was examined using SEM, XRD, and the BET method. Chemical composition of the products were characterized using FTIR, XPS, and XANES analyses. TGA analysis was performed to investigate thermal behavior of the synthesized nanomaterials. Mechanical testing revealed a significant increase in the Young's modulus (88.6%), tensile strength (122%), flexural modulus (47%), and flexural strength (59.6%) of PCL/HAp-TiO2 composites containing 20 wt % HAp-TiO2 compared to PCL/HAp composites.
Book Synopsis Developments and Applications of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements by : Changsheng Liu
Download or read book Developments and Applications of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements written by Changsheng Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art review of the latest advances in developing calcium- phosphate bone cements and their applications. It covers the synthesis methods, characterization approaches, material modification and novel binders, as well as the fabrication technologies of calcium-phosphate-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine and their clinical applications. It also highlights methodologies for fabricating scaffolds, biofunctional surfaces/interfaces and subsequently modulating the host response to implantable/injectable materials, and integrates a series of discussions and insights into calcium-phosphate cements and constructs in bone regenerative medicine. As such, the book not only covers the fundamentals but also opens new avenues for meeting future challenges in research and clinical applications.
Book Synopsis Development of a New Generation of Bone Cements Using Nanotechnology by : S.M. Zahangir Khaled
Download or read book Development of a New Generation of Bone Cements Using Nanotechnology written by S.M. Zahangir Khaled and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Orthopaedic Bone Cement by : Sunjung Kim
Download or read book Orthopaedic Bone Cement written by Sunjung Kim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement is an established method in the management of periprosthetic hip and knee joint infection. Despite inconsistencies among published studies, mechanical failure and infection are leading causes of failure in early revisions (15.7% and 8.2% for hip; 21% and 7.9% for knee). This study evaluates the effect of antibiotics on mechanical properties, antibacterial properties, and release characteristic when incorporated into the bone cement. These data are needed as a benchmark for the next generation of new antibiotic loaded bone cements and also can be used to develop new formulations. Chapter 3 (Manuscript #1) investigated the mechanical properties of a commercially available bone cement with the addition of vancomycin, to determine the release characteristics and efficacy at eliminating the orthopedic implant pathogens. Palacos®ʼ R was loaded with incrementally larger clinically relevant weight percentages of vancomycin. The addition of vancomycin reduced the bone cement's mechanical properties. Also, vancomycin eluted from Palacos®ʼ R with a steady rise in eluted volume up to 8 days, after which non-therapeutic elution concentrations were observed up to a 60-day end point. The eluted concentration from samples with greater than 0.25 g vancomycin per Palacos®ʼ R packet was sufficient to eliminate a 103 colony forming unit per mL (CFU/mL) initial inoculum of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Chapter 4 (Manuscript #2) investigated SimplexTM P, a commercially available bone cement with vancomycin. Vancomycin at five different loading masses (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g) was added to 40 grams of SimplexTM P. Addition of vancomycin affected the mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity with significant differences from controls. Flexural and compression mechanical properties were compromised with added vancomycin. The flexural strength of samples with added vancomycin of 0.5 g and greater were not greater than ISO 5833 minimum requirements. 2.0 g of vancomycin added to bone cement was able to eliminate completely the four bacterial strains tested. 2.0 g of vancomycin also showed the highest mass elution from the cement over a 60-day period. Given the reduced flexural strength in samples with 0.5 g and greater of added vancomycin and the inability of vancomycin in amounts less than 2.0 g to eliminate bacteria, this study did not find an ideal amount of vancomycin added to SimplexTM P that meets both strength and antibacterial requirements. Chapter 5 (Manuscript #3) evaluated telavancin elution, stability, and antimicrobial activity when incorporated into the commercial bone cements Palacos℗ʼ R and SimplexTM P. Telavancin at five loading volumes (0.3 vol%, 0.6 vol%, 1.2 vol%, 2.4 vol%, and 4.8 vol%). was added to the two cements. The release characteristics of telavancin were recorded for 60 days to estimate the elution profiles. The efficacy of eluted telavancin for eliminating four common implant pathogens was determined. Mechanical testing was also performed. Telavancin affected the elution, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical properties in a dose-dependent manner. Telavancin added to Palacos®ʼ R at 4.8 vol% was able to eliminate MSSA, MRSA, and S. epidermidis, while the same concentration in SimplexTM P failed to kill all tested strains. Telavancin also exhibited better elution in the former case over a 60-day period. Both cements showed reduced flexural and compression properties with added telavancin. Telavancin loaded to Palacos®ʼ R achieved better efficacy than in SimplexTM P. Under microscopic examination the two cements showed different numbers and size of pores, potentially affecting strength. Telavancin loaded in Palacos℗ʼ R is a promising prophylactic option. However, the feasibility of using telavancin as an alternative to traditional antibiotics in acrylic bone cement requires further consideration due to the unsustained telavancin release and reduced strength. Chapter 6 (Manuscript #4) was a computational investigation of the effect of porosity and its distribution on bone cement fracture toughness. The effect of pores was analyzed using the extended finite element method (X-FEM) crack propagation simulation method with different sizes of pores and locations. Predicted force-displacement behavior and fracture toughness were compared to experimental results. Crack growth and propagation are affected by porosity parameters, for example, pore size an independent parameter and dependent parameters such as pore-pore and pore-crack interactions. These dependent porosity parameters are primarily affected by pore size and pore location. The experimental and simulation results of the current study contribute to a better understanding of the effect of porosity on bone cement fracture toughness.
Book Synopsis Mineralized Collagen Bone Graft Substitutes by : Xiu-Mei Wang
Download or read book Mineralized Collagen Bone Graft Substitutes written by Xiu-Mei Wang and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineralized Collagen Bone Graft Substitutes presents a comprehensive study of biomimetic mineralized collagen, synthesized in vitro, a next generation biomaterial for bone regeneration. By focusing both on fundamental research and the clinical use of this novel material, the book provides a complete examination, from bench to bedside. Chapters discuss natural bone and familiar biomaterials for bone repair, the preparation and safety of mineralized collagen, products made of mineralized collagen, and present clinical case studies. This book is an invaluable and unique resource for researchers, clinicians, students and industrialists in the area of orthopedics and dentistry. Provides a deep analysis of synthetic collagen, from bench to bedside Systematically examines the structure, principles, properties, biomimetic synthesis and characterization of mineralized collagen for bone repair Includes case studies that look at a range of clinical bone repair applications of Mineralized collagen and their clinical results
Book Synopsis New Generation Bone Cement with Sustainable Antibiotic Delivery by : Shoucang Shen
Download or read book New Generation Bone Cement with Sustainable Antibiotic Delivery written by Shoucang Shen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Orthopaedic Bone Cements written by S Deb and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone cements are widely used in orthopaedic applications to anchor implants to existing bone, reconstruct bone and deliver bioactive agents to the body. With an increasing number of bone cements available, it is vital that the correct material is selected for specific clinical procedures. Orthopaedic bone cements reviews the most recent research in this field. Part one discusses the current uses of orthopaedic bone cements with chapters on such topics as hip replacements, verteboplasty and wear particles and osteolysis. Part two reviews materials and types of cement such as acrylic, polymethylmethacrylate and calcium phosphate cements. Chapters in Part three address the mechanical properties of bone cements such as fracture toughness and dynamic creep. The final section examines methods to enhance the properties of bone cements with coverage of themes such as antibiotic loaded bone cements and bioactive cements. With its eminent editor and multidisciplinary team of international contributors, Orthopaedic bone cements is an invaluable reference for materials scientists, medical researchers and all those involved in the development of bone cements for orthopaedic applications and joint replacement. Provides a review of recent research focussing on improving the mechanical and biological performance of bone cements Discusses the current applications of bone cements particularly in hip replacement, verteboplasty and wear particles Reviews types of materials and acrylic, polymethlymethacrylate and calcium phosphate as types of cements
Download or read book Bone Cements written by Klaus-Dieter Kühn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is the basic component of bone cements. To use it, a dough is prepared from the liquid and powder by mixing right before application, which is normally done by the operating team. During its working phase the dough is then inserted into the tissue where polymerization is completed. Thus, the final implant polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is only created at the implantation site. Besides methyl methacrylate, bone cements sometimes contain other methacrylates, such as butyl methacrylate. To achieve X-ray opacity, radiopacifiers (zirconium dioxide or barium sulfate) are added to the powder. Both the liquid and powder components contain additives (initiator and activator) that launch polymerization and control the set ting when mixed together. Moreover, softener and emulsifiers are some times used. The addition of antibiotics to the powder component in order to prevent or treat infections has become especially important. Commercial bone cements differ in composition and the course of curing. Some are designed for high and others for low viscosity. The way the user handles and applies the cement always crucially influences the quality of the implant. This is why clear and comprehensive information about the cements should be available to show the user how all the relevant factors work It should also be possible together and how they depend on each other.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Bioceramics and Biocomposites by : Iulian Vasile Antoniac
Download or read book Handbook of Bioceramics and Biocomposites written by Iulian Vasile Antoniac and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook describes several current trends in the development of bioceramics and biocomposites for clinical use in the repair, remodelling, and regeneration of bone tissue. Comprehensive coverage of these materials allows fundamental aspects of the science and engineering to be seen in close relation to the clinical performance of dental and orthopaedic implants. Bioceramics and biocomposites appear to be the most dynamic area of materials development for both tissue engineering and implantable medical devices. Almost all medical specialties will continue to benefit from these developments, but especially dentistry and orthopaedics. In this Handbook, leading researchers describe the use of bionanomaterials to create new functionalities when interfaced with biological molecules or structures. Also described are technologies for bioceramics and biocomposites processing in order to fabricate medical devices for clinical use. Another important section of the book is dedicated to tissue regeneration with development of new matrices. A targeted or personalized treatment device reduces drug consumption and treatment expenses, resulting in benefits to the patient and cost reductions for public health systems. This authoritative reference on the state-of-the-art in the development and use of bioceramics and biocomposites can also serve as the basis of instructional course lectures for audiences ranging from advanced undergraduate students to post-graduates in materials science and engineering and biomedical engineering.
Book Synopsis Improving the Clinical Effectiveness of Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in Infection Disease Diagnosis and Treatment: Linking the NGS Specialists and Clinicians by :
Download or read book Improving the Clinical Effectiveness of Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in Infection Disease Diagnosis and Treatment: Linking the NGS Specialists and Clinicians written by and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-17 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bone Repair Biomaterials by : Kendell Pawelec
Download or read book Bone Repair Biomaterials written by Kendell Pawelec and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone Repair Biomaterials: Regeneration and Clinical Applications, Second Edition, provides comprehensive reviews on materials science, engineering principles and recent advances. Sections review the fundamentals of bone repair and regeneration, discuss the science and properties of biomaterials used for bone repair, including metals, ceramics, polymers and composites, and discuss clinical applications and considerations, with chapters on such topics as orthopedic surgery, tissue engineering, implant retrieval, and ethics of bone repair biomaterials. This second edition includes more chapters on relevant biomaterials and a greatly expanded section on clinical applications, including bone repair applications in dental surgery, spinal surgery, and maxilo-facial and skull surgery. In addition, the book features coverage of long-term performance and failure of orthopedic devices. It will be an invaluable resource for researchers, scientists and clinicians concerned with the repair and restoration of bone. Provides a comprehensive review of the materials science, engineering principles and recent advances in this important area Presents new chapters on Surface coating of titanium, using bone repair materials in dental, spinal and maxilo-facial and skull surgery, and advanced manufacturing/3D printing Reviews the fundamentals of bone repair and regeneration, addressing social, economic and clinical challenges Examines the properties of biomaterials used for bone repair, with specific chapters assessing metals, ceramics, polymers and composites
Book Synopsis Advances in Glass and Glass-Ceramics by : Atiar R. Molla
Download or read book Advances in Glass and Glass-Ceramics written by Atiar R. Molla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, and Bioactive Materials by : Matteo Santin
Download or read book Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, and Bioactive Materials written by Matteo Santin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accessible introduction to biomaterials and their applications in tissue replacement, medical devices, and more Molecular and cell biology is being increasingly integrated into the search for high-performance biomaterials and biomedical devices, transforming a formerly engineering- and materials science–based field into a truly interdisciplinary area of investigation. Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, and Bioactive Materials presents a comprehensive introduction to biomaterials, discussing how they are selected, designed, and modified for integration with living tissue and how they can be utilized in the development of medical devices, orthopedics, and other related areas. Examining the physico chemical properties of widely used biomaterials and their uses in different clinical fields, the book explores applications including soft and hard tissue replacement; biointeractive metals, polymers, and ceramics; and in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo biocompatibility tests and clinical trials. The book critically assesses the clinical level of research in the field, not only presenting proven research, but also positing new avenues of exploration. Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, and Bioactive Materials contains everything needed to get a firm grasp on materials science, fast. Written in an accessible style and including practice questions that test comprehension of the material covered in each chapter, the book is an invaluable tool for students as well as professionals new to the field.
Book Synopsis Next-generation Biomaterials for Bone & Periodontal Regeneration by : Richard John Miron
Download or read book Next-generation Biomaterials for Bone & Periodontal Regeneration written by Richard John Miron and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
