The Neurologic Involvement In Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

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The Neurologic Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080479682
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (796 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neurologic Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases by :

Download or read book The Neurologic Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systemic autoimmune diseases can affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems in a myriad of ways and through a heterogeneous number of mechanisms leading to many different clinical manifestations. As a result, neurological complications of these disorders can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in the diagnosis, laboratory investigations, and management of these conditions has placed an increasing burden on the practicing clinician to correctly assess and treat these patients. This volume of the Handbook of the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases will help the clinician and researcher better understand the current concepts of nervous system involvement from systemic autoimmune disorders, recognize current approaches to diagnosis and treatment, current controversies, and areas that need significant research efforts. It is believed that providing this approach in a single volume will facilitate its use as a frequent resource for all those caring for or investigating these patients and their diseases. Each chapter follows a consistent outline to provide the reader with important and useful information in an easy-to-navigate manner and is also liberally referenced to provide more primary source material for further consideration. The standardized approach to each chapter will allow the reader to be able to compare and contrast more efficiently the neurological complications of the autoimmune diseases discussed.

Autoimmune Neurology

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444634460
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Autoimmune Neurology by :

Download or read book Autoimmune Neurology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-03-11 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autoimmune Neurology presents the latest information on autoimmune neurologic disease, the immune response to the body where organs run wild, causing the immune system to attack itself. Autoimmunity is a main element in numerous nervous system diseases and can target any structure within the central or peripheral nervous system. Over the past 20 years, significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders, including the use of biomarkers has led to new diagnosis and treatment options. Neurologic conditions associated with autoimmune reactions include dementia, neuromuscular disease, epilepsy, sleep disorders, diabetes, and other common neurologic disorders and disease. This current tutorial-reference will be a must-have title for clinical neurologists, research neurologists, neuroscientists, and any medical professional working with autoimmune disease and disorders. Includes comprehensive coverage of autoimmune neurology Details the latest techniques for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and disorders, including dementia, neuromuscular disease, epilepsy, and sleep disorders Presents a focused reference for clinical practitioners and the clinical neurology and neurology research communities

Pediatric Neurology

Author : Daniela. Pohl
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128079320
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Neurology by : Daniela. Pohl

Download or read book Pediatric Neurology written by Daniela. Pohl and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systemic disorders with possible involvement of the nervous system include a variety of diseases with presumed inflammatory and autoimmune pathomechanisms, among them Behçet disease, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, scleroderma, and Sjögren syndrome. This disease group encompasses systemic inflammatory disorders with a genetically defined dysregulation of the innate immune system as well as systemic autoimmune disorders characterized by alterations of the adaptive immunity such as autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells. Although more commonly diagnosed in adults, all of these diseases can manifest in childhood and some as early as infancy. Neurological involvement may represent the initial manifestation, and nearly every neurological symptom can be caused by inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. In a child with (sub)acute onset of otherwise unexplained neurological findings, consideration of inflammatory/autoimmune disorders may be of crucial therapeutic and prognostic importance. In the absence of disease-specific clinical features, the initial diagnostic workup is broad. Basic blood tests include inflammatory markers and autoantibodies. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and a lumbar puncture with measurement of opening pressure as well as cerebrospinal fluid analysis are indicated in most patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Skin, muscle, or organ biopsies (e.g., renal) may provide additional information. Especially in patients with isolated CNS involvement, a brain biopsy may be indicated. Timely recognition and treatment of CNS inflammation may improve or even reverse clinical symptoms and prevent secondary brain injury.

Clinical Neuroimmunology

Author : Syed A. Rizvi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030244369
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Neuroimmunology by : Syed A. Rizvi

Download or read book Clinical Neuroimmunology written by Syed A. Rizvi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, up-to-date book is designed to make recent developments in neuroimmunology accessible to medical professionals in the field. The field of neuroimmunology is complex and rapidly evolving, especially with the current improvements in targeted biologic therapies. This resource concisely offers clear explanations of these scientific and clinical advancements. Divided into five parts, the book begins with an in-depth introduction to neuroimmunology and the principles of immunotherapy. Section two consists of eight chapters devoted to multiple sclerosis, including discussions on the clinical features of the disease as well as symptom management and diagnosis. Subsequent chapters then dive into other central nervous system inflammatory disorders such as neuromyelitis optica, autoimmune encephalopathies, and immunological aspects of cancer. Following this are two chapters that examine distinct aspects of autoimmune disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Finally, the book closes with a review on the neurologic manifestations, diagnostic approaches and treatments of the various systemic rheumatic diseases. Following its successful predecessor edition, Clinical Neuroimmunology: Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Second Edition is positioned to be an invaluable asset to neurologists, residents and fellows, internists, and general practitioners who treat patients with neurologic disorders and other systemic autoimmune diseases.

Neurorheumatology

Author : Tracey A. Cho
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030169286
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurorheumatology by : Tracey A. Cho

Download or read book Neurorheumatology written by Tracey A. Cho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-29 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed, practical textbook focuses on immune mediated disorders of the nervous system with particular focus on systemic autoimmune disorders. Divided into three sections, the first discusses the neuroanatomical and pathophysiologic basis of immune mediated disorders of the nervous system. Following this are 25 chapters devoted to individual clinical conditions. To conclude, the final section explains what is known about the mechanisms of immunomodulatory treatments and practical points about monitoring patients on these treatments. Neurorheumatology: A Comprehensive Guide to Immune Mediated Disorders of the Nervous System bridges the gaps among different branches of medicine and is an indispensable resource for rheumatologists and neurologists looking to develop a firm understanding of these dynamic disorders

Biomarkers in Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Author : Mei-Ping Ding
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832534090
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomarkers in Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System by : Mei-Ping Ding

Download or read book Biomarkers in Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System written by Mei-Ping Ding and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-25 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are a group of complex and disabling disorders characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the CNS. During the last 2 decades, we have witnessed a rapidly evolving spectrum of CNS autoimmune diseases, which has become a research hotspot in neurology. These include CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorders, paraneoplastic, and other autoimmune encephalomyelitis and CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases. Recently, although remarkable discoveries have accumulated more understanding of the autoimmune basis behind the physiopathologic mechanism, the exact pathogenic processes are still unclear. Patients may present with a variety of manifestations, posing a great challenge to diagnosis and management. The determination of biomarkers plays a significant role in CNS autoimmune diseases. Biomarkers can reflect the presence, nature, and intensity of certain immune responses triggered by both genetic and environmental processes, and bear great importance in guiding clinical diagnosis, estimating disease risk or prognosis, evaluating disease severity, and monitoring progression or response to therapy. For instance, the detection of disease-specific antibodies can contribute to the accurate diagnosis and precise treatment. Moreover, identifying the diverse biomarkers could further help to achieve the ultimate goal of personalized medicine.

Autoantibodies in Neurological Diseases

Author : Angela Vincent
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 8847020972
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Autoantibodies in Neurological Diseases by : Angela Vincent

Download or read book Autoantibodies in Neurological Diseases written by Angela Vincent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the immunological and clinical aspects of immune-mediated diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, excluding multiple sclerosis. It includes paraneoplastic neurological disorders, and discusses the immune mechanisms in the growing number of recognised paraneoplastic conditions. It not only provides an overview of the field but also discusses the possible role of immunity in other neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Chapters are written by scientists and clinicians directly involved in each specific area, who have summarized the current understanding of neuroimmunology, with emphasis on the underlying abormalities of the immune responses, the different clinical expression of the diseases and the important use of immunotherapies in treatment. Figures and tables are included in each chapter.

The Autoimmune Brain

Author : David S. Younger
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538117711
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis The Autoimmune Brain by : David S. Younger

Download or read book The Autoimmune Brain written by David S. Younger and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-11-10 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are millions of people who experience issues related to brain health—depression, attention issues, anxiety, forgetfulness, fatigue, and even chronic pain—yet can’t figure out what’s causing their problems and can’t find any relief. They may have seen a myriad of doctors, many of whom do not take their complaints seriously, or worse, turn to the easy, often inappropriate fix of antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications. Traditional medications, supplements, or other therapies haven’t worked. No matter what their age—from children to teens or seniors—people and their loved ones are frustrated, scared, and confused by their continued poor health. Countless others display severe psychiatric symptoms that seem to come out of nowhere, ranging from tics, obsessive-compulsive behaviors and anxiety, to depression, bipolar-like mood swings, and even borderline personality disorder and suicidal ideas. Sometimes, the people affected are the only ones that notices a change to the way they think or feel, and they suffer in silence. Or, they reach out to try to get help, and are all too frequently misdiagnosed. David Younger, a world-renowned physician, provides relief to these patients and their families. His diagnostic techniques and treatment protocols will help readers identify the true cause of their symptoms and put them on a clear path to healing so they no longer feel unbalanced, out of control, forgetful, and exhausted. The Autoimmune Brain connects common brain health symptoms to the changes in the immune system, and particularly bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. Younger explains his groundbreaking research and adds a new component: how traumatic stress (whether physical or emotional) and genetics affects this same triad as inextricable factors in initiating disease and brain health symptoms. In fact, a change in personality, behavior, coping style, and one’s emotional state may be the first clue that there is a health problem brewing somewhere else in the body. Readers will find new answers to troubling conditions, including: Alzheimer’s disease; Anxiety; Arthritis; Autism; Autonomic disturbances; Bacterial and viral infections; Bipolar Disorder; Cancer; Celiac disease and gluten intolerances; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (now referred to as Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease); Chronic Pain; Dementia; Depression; Endocrine Disorders; Immune modulatory therapy using IVIg; Lyme disease and co-infections; Mast cell activation syndrome; Medical cannabis; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; Orthostatic hypotension; Peripheral Neuropathy; Porphyria; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; and Postural orthostatic tachycardia.

Autoantibodies

Author : Yehuda Shoenfeld
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444593772
Total Pages : 917 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Autoantibodies by : Yehuda Shoenfeld

Download or read book Autoantibodies written by Yehuda Shoenfeld and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the occurrence of antibodies reacting with self-constituents of the body. The fully updated third edition of Autoantibodies is an in-depth review of the main autoantibodies identified up to now, with particular emphasis on those that display a diagnostic or prognostic clinical value. The new edition covers recent scientific advances, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic technologies. Each chapter is focused on a single family of autoantibodies. This important reference contains historical notes, definitions, origins and sources of antigens recognized genetic associations, mediated pathogenic mechanisms, methods of detection, as well as clinical utility (disease prevalence and association, diagnostic value, sensitivity and specificity, prognostic value). This is an ideal reference for anyone involved in the field of autoimmune diseases. Presents all known, important autoantibodies in a single source, focusing on the antibodies needed for autoimmune disorder diagnosis Includes clinical applications for each autoantibody along with general information Organized by disease and disorder type, by autoantibody family, and completely cross-referenced

Janeway's Immunobiology

Author : Kenneth Murphy
Publisher : Garland Science
ISBN 13 : 9780815344575
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Janeway's Immunobiology by : Kenneth Murphy

Download or read book Janeway's Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.

Neuroimmunology

Author : Amanda L. Piquet
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030618838
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroimmunology by : Amanda L. Piquet

Download or read book Neuroimmunology written by Amanda L. Piquet and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a clinical focus on neuroinflammatory diseases as well as a review in pathophysiology and treatment approaches. Organized into six parts, the book begins with a basic review of the immune system and concepts for learning and treating neuroimmune conditions. The next four sections cover specific subfields of neuroimmunology and autoimmune neurology - the clinical and diagnostic features of multiple sclerosis, other autoimmune conditions of the central nervous system, autoimmune conditions of the peripheral nervous system, and systemic autoimmune conditions that affect the nervous system. To conclude, Section six discusses various clinical approaches to specific presentations in neuroimmunology, including pediatric demyelinating diseases. These sections provide practical clinical information to improve the reader’s knowledge in this complex field. The chapters are written by world renown authors with extensive knowledge to help provide up to date information. The full scope of autoimmune neurology is discussed, which is a unique feature of this book. Neuroimmunology serves as a resource for those in training including residents and fellows to provide clear clinical reasoning and background in a rapidly advancing field.

Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System in Children

Author : Russell C. Dale
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1898683662
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (986 download)

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Book Synopsis Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System in Children by : Russell C. Dale

Download or read book Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System in Children written by Russell C. Dale and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-19 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammatory disorders of the nervous system, although individually uncommon, collectively make up 10-20% of acute paediatric neurology presentations and many are potentially treatable. Research into them is lagging behind adult research, but better diagnosis and often simple treatments could lead to substantial clinical benefit and reduction in long-term disability. This book provides a detailed and comprehensive summary of the childhood diseases that are, or are likely to be, caused by the immune system. The authors not only describe these disorders and their treatments comprehensively, helping pediatricians and pediatric neurologists to improve their understanding and recognition of the conditions, but also highlight recent and exciting developments that will be of considerable importance in the future.

Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Author : Valentin A. Pavlov
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889455335
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity by : Valentin A. Pavlov

Download or read book Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity written by Valentin A. Pavlov and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. On the other hand unbalanced immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions may have a deleterious impact on neuronal integrity and brain function. Recent studies have characterized neural pathways communicating peripheral inflammatory signals to the CNS, and brain- and spinal cord-derived circuitries controlling various innate and adaptive immune responses and inflammation. A prototypical neural reflex circuit that regulates immunity and inflammation is the vagus nerve-based “inflammatory reflex”. Ongoing research has revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these neural circuits and indicated new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Pharmacological and bioelectronic modulation of neural circuitry has been successfully explored in preclinical settings of sepsis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity-driven disorders, diabetes and other diseases. These studies paved the way to successful clinical trials with bioelectronic neuronal modulation in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Dysregulated release of cytokines and other inflammatory molecules may have a severe impact on brain function. Brain inflammation (neuroinflammation), imbalances in brain neuronal integrity and neurotransmitter systems, and cognitive impairment are characteristic features of post-operative conditions, sepsis, liver diseases, diabetes and other disorders characterized by immune and metabolic dysregulation. Derangements in cytokine release also play a pivotal role in depression. Characteristic brain reactive antibodies in autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica, significantly contribute to brain pathology and cognitive impairment. These studies, and the simultaneous characterization of neuro-protective cytokines, identified new therapeutic approaches for treating neurological complications in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. This Frontiers Research Topic is a forum for publishing research findings and methodological and conceptual advances at the intersection of immunology and neuroscience. We hope that presenting new insight into bi-directional neuro-immune communication in inflammation and autoimmunity will foster further collaborations and facilitate the development of new efficient therapeutic strategies.

The Skin in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Author : Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080461922
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (619 download)

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Book Synopsis The Skin in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases by : Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini

Download or read book The Skin in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases written by Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the state-of-the-art in the field of skin and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. It covers systematically a growing and multifaceted topic which is of great importance in the clinical practice. It also serves as a sharp educational tool as each chapter provides summaries and specific highlights to key references cited into the text. The pathophysiological link between skin involvement and autoimmunity has been explained in detail, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. This book yields an impressive body of well ordered information which summarizes the experience of a selected panel of distinguished physicians and scientists actively involved in the field of skin immunology and systemic autoimmunity. * Written by a respected panel of distinguished physician-scientists actively involved in the field of skin immunology and systemic autoimmunity * Box summaries at the end of each chapter highlight important topics * Up-to-date basic knowledge as well as modern approach to diagnosis and therapy

B Cell Receptor Signaling

Author : Tomohiro Kurosaki
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319261339
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis B Cell Receptor Signaling by : Tomohiro Kurosaki

Download or read book B Cell Receptor Signaling written by Tomohiro Kurosaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.

Immunologic Concepts in Transfusion Medicine

Author : Robert W Maitta
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323675107
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Immunologic Concepts in Transfusion Medicine by : Robert W Maitta

Download or read book Immunologic Concepts in Transfusion Medicine written by Robert W Maitta and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunological Concepts in Transfusion Medicine provides a thorough discussion of the immune aspects of blood component transfusion, with in-depth information on the intricacies of immune responses to blood components and the immune processes that may be initiated in response to blood exposure. Written to increase knowledge and awareness of immune challenges such as alloimmunization and transfusion-related acute lung injury, this title bridges current basic scientific discoveries and the potential effects seen in blood recipients. Complies the knowledge and expertise of Dr. Robert Maitta, an expert in immune responses and antibody function/structure studies. Helps clinicians in the daily practice of caring for patients in need of transfusion support, as well as physicians in training when considering utilizing blood transfusions in a limited scope or in the setting of massive transfusion. Includes an immunology primer as an introduction to in-depth chapters covering allergic immune reactions to blood components, transfusion-related immunomodulation, fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and neonatal neuthropenia, complications of haploidentical and mismatched HSC transplantation, chimeric antibody receptor therapies, and much more. Consolidates today’s available information on this timely topic into a single, convenient resource.

Pediatric Neurology

Author : Lily Lim
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128079355
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Neurology by : Lily Lim

Download or read book Pediatric Neurology written by Lily Lim and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The location of both autoimmune processes and other causes of brain inflammation is important in determining the impact of inflammation on brain function. This chapter focuses on autoimmune and infectious diseases leading to inflammatory brain disease resulting in cognitive defects with a special focus on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Collectively called neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), NPSLE occurs in 20–95% of pediatric patients with SLE (pSLE). The incidence of cognitive dysfunction is difficult to ascertain in pediatric patients as few studies have been performed. Using formal neurocognitive testing of unselected pediatric SLE patients, the rate of cognitive abnormalities was approximately 50% and impairment was associated with longer disease duration in one study. A second small study showed global depression on performance and academic scores while a larger study using a neuropsychiatric inventory showed a 55% rate of dysfunction. These diverging findings may result from the lack of a standardized cognitive assessment battery. The Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) group of pediatric rheumatologists proposed a 2 hour 40 minutes battery for assessment of cognitive testing of SLE patients from age 9 to 18 years. Further assessments using this battery should provide a better neurocognitive profile of pSLE.