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Author : Werner Van der Merwe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)
Download or read book The Morphology of Trickle Flow Liquid Holdup written by Werner Van der Merwe and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arjan J. Van Houwelingen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book The Morphology of Solid-liquid Contacting Efficiency in Trickle-bed Reactors written by Arjan J. Van Houwelingen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trickle-flow is traditionally modeled by means of hydrodynamic parameters such as liquid holdup, two-phase pressure drop and wetting efficiency. Several studies showed that these parameters are not only a function of flow conditions and bed properties, but also of the flow history and morphology of flow. These can have a major influence on the distribution in the bed. The effect of flow morphology on liquid holdup and pressure drop is widely discussed in literature, but little attention is paid to its effect on wetting efficiency. Trickle-bed reactor models suggest that not a only bed-averaged but also the distribution of wetting efficiency may be of importance for reactor performance. Both the average wetting efficiency and the distribution of wetting are probably a function flow history and morphology. The distribution of wetting efficiency for different flow morphologies were investigated by means of a colorometric method that was developed for this purpose. Representative wetting distributions could be obtained. Flow morphologies and liquid distributions were manipulated by means of the pre-wetting procedure that was performed prior to flow. Pulse and Levec pre-wetted beds were investigated. These distributions were explained in detail in terms of flow morphology. It was found that the average wetting efficiency in pulse pre-wetted beds are much higher than in Levec pre-wetted beds. All particles in the pulse pre-wetted beds at all investigated flow conditions were contacted by the flowing liquid. This was not the case for the Levec pre-wetted beds. It was found that the flow in Levec pre-wetted beds become similar to that in pulse pre-wetted beds at high liquid flow rates. It was investigated how these distributions can affect reactor modeling, based on popular particle-scale models that relate reactor efficiency to wetting efficiency. According to these models, the wetting efficiency distribution in pulse pre-wetted beds can be characterised by means of only its average value. This is not the case for Levec pre-wetted beds. These results are however a strong function of the models that were employed. Finally, some recommendations are made in terms of the preferred pre-wetting method or flow morphology for different types of reactions. These recommendations are also based on models and have not been verified with experiments.
Author : Werner Van der Merwe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Multiple Hydrodynamic States in Trickle Flow written by Werner Van der Merwe and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ina Van der Westhuizen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book Trickle Flow Multiple Hydrodynamic States written by Ina Van der Westhuizen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of multiple hydrodynamic states (MHS) in trickle bed operation has been proved by hysteresis observed in flow loops, as well as variation between different prewetting modes. The most common theory presented as explanation for the existence of MHS, is the film vs. rivulet concept. Based on this concept, it was suspected that in-situ upsets might promote the formations of films, thereby providing a method through which the hydrodynamic states of the Dry and Levec modes can be manipulated to perform like the Kan Liquid and Super modes. Large performance enhancements can be obtained by altering the prewetting procedure, even for systems with a low surface tension. For the water system, the gas liquid mass transfer coefficient of the Kan Liquid and Super modes could be as much as 6 times greater than that of the Dry mode. For the low surface tension system, the gas liquid mass transfer of the Kan Liquid and Super modes could be up to 8 times greater than that of the Dry mode. Through a thorough investigation of various types of transient upsets and manipulation strategies, it was confirmed that prewetting is indeed the only way by which drastic variation in hydrodynamic states may be obtained. None of the investigated upsets (hysteresis, periodic operation or surface tension doping) resulted in changes in the liquid morphology that could compare to the significant variation that was observed by varying the prewetting mode. Two methods were identified by which the hydrodynamic gaps between the less uniform (Dry and Levec) modes and the more uniform modes (Kan Liquid and Super) could be bridged. The first is to reduce the Levec draining time, while the second method may be seen as an in-situ type of Kan Liquid prewetting. This type of prewetting was obtained during doping with a low surface tension liquid, at a flow rate associated with the high interaction regime for the low surface tension system. Though the hysteresis cycles did not drastically alter the predominant flow type, interesting trends were observed, some of which raised doubt about the application of the films vs. rivulet concept. One mode in particular displayed behaviour which contributed to this doubt, namely the Kan Gas mode: Gas liquid mass transfer on this mode decreased with an increase in liquid flow rate Relatively low pressure drops on this mode corresponded to relatively high liquid holdup It was the only mode that exhibited no hysteresis with gas flow variation, on any of the hydrodynamic parameters The various trends and variations observed with the different types of upsets, leads to the conclusion that the concept of films vs. rivulets simply does not provide adequate explanation of the observed results. In general, two flow types may be distinguished. That which is caused by an initial increase in liquid flow rate as opposed to that which is caused by an initial increase in gas flow rate An investigation to determine the behaviour of each of the investigated parameters near the transition boundaries on all the modes, as well as a repetition of this study with non-intrusive visual techniques is recommended.
Author : Dylan Loudon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Prewetting on the Pressure Drop, Liquid Holdup and Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in Trickle-Bed Reactors written by Dylan Loudon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prewetting of a trickle-bed reactor has important implications in the design and operation of these reactors. This is because the prewetting changes the flow morphology (shape and texture) of the liquid flowing through the bed and leads to the existence of multiple hydrodynamic states. The extent of this change in flow morphology can be seen in the effect the prewetting of the reactor has on the pressure drop, liquid holdup and gas-liquid mass transfer. The following prewetting procedures were used: -- Levec-wetted: the bed is flooded and drained and after residual holdup stabilisation the gas and liquid flow is reintroduced -- Kan-wetted: the bed is operated in the pulse flow regime and liquid and gas flow rates are reduced to the desired set point -- Super-wetted: the bed is flooded and gas and liquid flow are introduced once draining commences For the pressure drop: -- The different prewetting procedures resulted in two distinct regions (Upper region Kan and Super-wetted, Lower region Dry and Levec-wetted) -- There was no significant difference between the Dry and Levec-wetted beds -- The pressure drop in the Kan and Super-wetted beds can be as much as seven times greater than the pressure drop in the Dry and Levec-wetted beds For the liquid holdup: -- The different prewetting procedures resulted in four distinct regions (Kan-wetted, Super-wetted, Levec-wetted, Dry bed) -- The liquid holdup in the Kan-wetted bed can be as much as four times greater than the liquid holdup in the Dry bed -- The liquid holdup in the Levec-wetted can be as much as thirty percent lower than the liquid holdup in the Kan-wetted bed For the gas-liquid mass transfer: -- The different prewetting procedures resulted in three distinct regions (Kan and Super-wetted, Levec-wetted, Dry bed) -- The volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in the Kan and Super-wetted beds can be as much as six times greater than the mass transfer coefficient in the Dry bed -- The volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in the Kan and Super-wetted beds can be as much as two and a half times greater than the mass transfer coefficient in the Levec-wetted bed While an increase in the liquid flow rate results in an increase in the pressure drop, liquid holdup and gas-liquid mass transfer for all of the experiments, the effect of increasing gas flow on the measured variables were more pronounced for the prewetted beds. In a prewetted bed (Kan, Super and Levec-wetted) an increase in the gas flow rate causes an increase in the volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient and a decrease in the liquid holdup. The decrease in the liquid holdup is due to the fact that the increased gas flow rate causes the films around the particles to thin and spread out. In the dry bed the flow is predominantly in the form of rivulets and the increase in gas flow rate does not affect the liquid holdup. In the case of the volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient the increased gas flow rate causes an increase in the mass transfer coefficient regardless of the prewetting procedure. This increase is due to the effect that the gas flow rate has on the liquid holdup as well as the increase in the gas-liquid interfacial area due to the increased gas-liquid interaction. If the pulsing in the Kan-wetted bed is induced by increasing the gas flow rate and keeping the liquid flow rate constant the results are significantly different. The pressure drop in the gas-pulsing experiments was lower than the pressure drop in the recorded in the Kan and Super-wetted beds, but higher than the pressure drop in the dry and Levec-wetted beds. However, the liquid holdup in the gas-pulsing experiments was higher than the liquid holdup in any of the other beds. The volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in the gas-pulsing experiments was lower than the mass transfer coefficients of the Kan and Super-wetted beds, but higher than the mass transfer coefficients in the dry and Levec-wetted beds. The multiple operating points obtained from the different prewetting procedures are by no means the only possible operating points. By simply decreasing the draining time in the Levec-wetted bed steady state operating points can be found between those of the Super and Levec-wetted beds. This alludes to the fact that the operating conditions determined from the different prewetting modes are only boundaries and that the actual operating point can lie anywhere between these boundaries. The existence of these multiple hydrodynamic states complicates things further when a correlation is developed to determine the pressure drop, liquid holdup or the volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient. No correlation tested was able to accurately predict the pressure drop, liquid holdup or volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in the dry or prewetted beds.
Author : Vivek V. Ranade
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080931448
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Trickle Bed Reactors written by Vivek V. Ranade and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a hybrid methodology for engineering of trickle bed reactors by integrating conventional reaction engineering models with state-of-the-art computational flow models. The content may be used in several ways and at various stages in the engineering process: it may be used as a basic resource for making appropriate reactor engineering decisions in practice; as study material for a course on reactor design, operation, or optimization of trickle bed reactors; or in solving practical reactor engineering problems. The authors assume some background knowledge of reactor engineering and numerical techniques. Facilitates development of high fidelity models for industrial applications Facilitates selection and application of appropriate models Guides development and application of computational models to trickle beds
Author : Zeynep Ilsen Önsan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119248469
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Multiphase Catalytic Reactors written by Zeynep Ilsen Önsan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-09 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a holistic approach to multiphase catalytic reactors from their modeling and design to their applications in industrial manufacturing of chemicals Covers theoretical aspects and examples of fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, trickle-bed, slurry, monolith and microchannel reactors Includes chapters covering experimental techniques and practical guidelines for lab-scale testing of multiphase reactors Includes mathematical content focused on design equations and empirical relationships characterizing different multiphase reactor types together with an assortment of computational tools Involves detailed coverage of multiphase reactor applications such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, fuel processing for fuel cells, hydrotreating of oil fractions and biofuels processing
Author : Arjan Van Houwelingen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)
Download or read book The Morphology of Solid-liquid Contacting Efficiency in Trickle-flow written by Arjan Van Houwelingen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jerzy Mackowiak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540887814
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Fluid Dynamics of Packed Columns written by Jerzy Mackowiak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The?rstGermanedition of thebook“Fluiddynamicsofpackedcolumns with modern random and structured packings for gas/liquid systems” was published in 1991. It sold out within a few years. Added to this were numerous enquiries, in particular within the industry, prompting me to publish a second, extended edition. A packed column remains the core element of any diffusional separation process. This underlines the need for basic design principles for packed columns, which enhance the design process by making it more accurate and reliable. The SBD (suspended bed of droplets) model introduced in the ?rst German edition of the book was well received by the experts and is now used by a large number of com- nies in the industry, as it offers improved reliability in the ?uid dynamic design of packed columns. For the purpose of facilitating the design process, the SBD model was in- grated into the simulation programme ChemCAD. The software programme FDPAK, which is available for Windows, has certainly contributed to the widespread use of the SBD model. The programme is very user-friendly and the calculation results are p- sented in tabular as well as graphic form, showing ?ood load, pressure drop and hold-up diagrams in the entire operating range.
Author : Hugo de Lasa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400944004
Total Pages : 839 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Chemical Reactor Design and Technology written by Hugo de Lasa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's frustrations and anxieties resulting from two energy crises in only one decade, show us the problems and fragility of a world built on high energy consumption, accustomed to the use of cheap non-renewable energy and to the acceptance of eXisting imbalances between the resources and demands of countries. Despite all these stressing factors, our world is still hesitatins about the urgency of undertaking new and decisive research that could stabilize our future, Could this trend change in the near future? In our view, two different scenarios are possible. A renewed energy tension could take place with an unpredictable timing mostly related to political and economic factors, This could bring again scientists and technologists to a new state of shock and awaken our talents, A second interesting and beneficial scenario could result from the positive influence of a new generation of researchers that with or without immediate crisis, acting both in industry and academia, will face the challenge of developing technologies and processes to pave the way to a less vulnerable society, Because Chemical Reactor Design and Technology activities are at the heart of these required new technologies the timeliness of the NATO-Advanced Study Institute at the University of Western Ontario, London, was very appropriate.
Author : Nikolai Kolev
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080463924
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Packed Bed Columns written by Nikolai Kolev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-08-08 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Packed bed columns are largely employed for absorption, desorption, rectification and direct heat transfer processes in chemical and food industry, environmental protection and also processes in thermal power stations like water purification, flue gas heat utilization and SO2 removal. These Separation processes, are estimated to account for 40%-70% of capital and operating costs in process industry. Packed bed columns are widely employed in this area. Their usage also for direct heat transfer between gas and liquid, enlarge their importance. They are the best apparatuses, from thermodynamical point of view, for mass and heat transfer processes between gas and liquid phase. Their wide spreading is due to low capital investments and operating costs. Since 1995 there has not been published a specialised book in this area, and this is a period of quick development of packed columns. Packed Bed Columns reflects the state of this field including the author's experience on creating and investigating of new packings, column internals and industrial columns. Considers the theories of mass transfer processes and shows how they help the construction of highly effective packings Complete information about the performance characteristics of different modern types of highly effective packings Considers the models for calculation and areas of their application
Author : P. A. Ramachandran
Publisher : Gordon & Breach Publishing Group
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Three-phase Catalytic Reactors written by P. A. Ramachandran and published by Gordon & Breach Publishing Group. This book was released on 1983 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P. L. Silveston
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0123918669
Total Pages : 793 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Periodic Operation of Chemical Reactors written by P. L. Silveston and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2012-12-04 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive review, prepared by 24 experts, many of whom are pioneers of the subject, brings together in one place over 40 years of research in this unique publication. This book will assist R & D specialists, research chemists, chemical engineers or process managers harnessing periodic operations to improve their process plant performance. Periodic Operation of Reactors covers process fundamentals, research equipment and methods and provides "the state of the art" for the periodic operation of many industrially important catalytic reactions. Emphasis is on experimental results, modeling and simulation. Combined reaction and separation are dealt with, including simulated moving bed chromatographic, pressure and temperature swing and circulating bed reactors. Thus, Periodic Operation of Reactors offers readers a single comprehensive source for the broad and diverse new subject. This exciting new publication is a "must have" for any professional working in chemical process research and development. A comprehensive reference on the fundamentals, development and applications of periodic operation Contributors and editors include the pioneers of the subject as well as the leading researchers in the field Covers both fundamentals and the state of the art for each operation scenario, and brings all types of periodic operation together in a single volume Discussion is focused on experimental results rather than theoretical ones; provides a rich source of experimental data, plus process models Accompanying website with modelling data
Author : Jorge Ancheyta
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1394220049
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (942 download)
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Complex Reaction Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry written by Jorge Ancheyta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-07-25 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the fundamentals of reaction systems modeling for the age of decarbonization Reactor design is one of the most important parts of the oil and gas industry, with reactor processes and the accompanying technologies constantly evolving to meet industry needs. A crucial component of effective reactor design is modelling complex reaction systems, which can help predict commercial performance, shape safety procedures, and more. At a time when decarbonization and clean energy transition are among the fundamental global technological challenges, it has never been more important for engineers to grasp the cutting edge of reaction system modelling. Mathematical Modeling of Complex Reaction Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry provides a systematic introduction to this timely subject. Each chapter provides a step-by-step description of the kinetic and reactor models for a particular kind of process and its accompanying systems. Backed by voluminous experimental data and incorporating extensive simulation results, the book constitutes an indispensable contribution to the global search for clean energy solutions. Mathematical Modeling of Complex Reaction Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry readers will also find: All the required tools for developing new reactor models for different reaction scales Detailed discussion of topics including hydrocracking of heavy oils, catalyst deactivation, oxidative regeneration of catalysts, and many more Extensive treatment of both steady-state and dynamic simulations Mathematical Modeling of Complex Reaction Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry is ideal for chemical and process engineers, computational chemists and modelers, catalysis researchers, and any other researchers or professionals in petrochemical engineering and the oil and gas industry.
Author : John B. Butt
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824777227
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (772 download)
Download or read book Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design, Second Edition written by John B. Butt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-01-03 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text combines a description of the origin and use of fundamental chemical kinetics through an assessment of realistic reactor problems with an expanded discussion of kinetics and its relation to chemical thermodynamics. It provides exercises, open-ended situations drawing on creative thinking, and worked-out examples. A solutions manual is also available to instructors.
Author : Sunggyu Lee
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351237683
Total Pages : 3338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing (Online) written by Sunggyu Lee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 3338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition Encyclopedia supplies nearly 350 gold standard articles on the methods, practices, products, and standards influencing the chemical industries. It offers expertly written articles on technologies at the forefront of the field to maximize and enhance the research and production phases of current and emerging chemical manufacturing practices and techniques. This collecting of information is of vital interest to chemical, polymer, electrical, mechanical, and civil engineers, as well as chemists and chemical researchers. A complete reconceptualization of the classic reference series the Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, whose first volume published in 1976, this resource offers extensive A-Z treatment of the subject in five simultaneously published volumes, with comprehensive indexing of all five volumes in the back matter of each tome. It includes material on the design of key unit operations involved with chemical processes; the design, unit operation, and integration of reactors and separation systems; process system peripherals such as pumps, valves, and controllers; analytical techniques and equipment; and pilot plant design and scale-up criteria. This reference contains well-researched sections on automation, equipment, design and simulation, reliability and maintenance, separations technologies, and energy and environmental issues. Authoritative contributions cover chemical processing equipment, engineered systems, and laboratory apparatus currently utilized in the field. It also presents expert overviews on key engineering science topics in property predictions, measurements and analysis, novel materials and devices, and emerging chemical fields. ALSO AVAILABLE ONLINE This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for both researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
Author : Robert William Forstrom
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Liquid Holdup and Pressure Drop in Two-phase Flow written by Robert William Forstrom and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
