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The Modulation Of The Foregut Motor System And Its Role In The Larval Larval Molt Of The Month Manduca Sexta
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Book Synopsis The Modulation of the Foregut Motor System and Its Role in the Larval-larval Molt of the Month, Manduca Sexta by : Jennifer Eileen Bestman
Download or read book The Modulation of the Foregut Motor System and Its Role in the Larval-larval Molt of the Month, Manduca Sexta written by Jennifer Eileen Bestman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Modulation of the Foregut Motor System and Its Role in the Larval-larval Molt of the Moth, Manduca Sexta by : Jennifer Eileen Bestman
Download or read book The Modulation of the Foregut Motor System and Its Role in the Larval-larval Molt of the Moth, Manduca Sexta written by Jennifer Eileen Bestman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A blood-borne factor present only in the blood of molting larvae was found to suppress foregut peristalsis. This blood-borne factor targets motorneuron terminals to inhibit synaptic activity. Application of the peptide neuromodulator, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) to quiescent foreguts of molting larvae produced a precocious reinitiation of foregut peristalsis as well as an overall increase in the amplitude of peristaltic contractions. Using the activity dependent dye, FM1-43, we found that both of these modulators target presynaptic activity. In addition, the changes in the activity of the foregut motor system that occur during the molt are under the control of the falling ecdysteroid levels. Finally, a series of surgical manipulations of the nervous system indicate that both the brain and the subesophageal ganglion are necessary for the regulation of foregut peristalsis.
Book Synopsis A Characterization of Quiescent Behavior and Profiling of the Brain Transcriptome During Larval Development of the Holometabolous Insect, Manduca Sexta by : Dyan MacWilliam
Download or read book A Characterization of Quiescent Behavior and Profiling of the Brain Transcriptome During Larval Development of the Holometabolous Insect, Manduca Sexta written by Dyan MacWilliam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The holometabolous insect Manduca sexta has served as one of the primary model systems for the study of the neuroendocrine regulation of the insect molt. It has long been observed that during the molting period prior to cuticle shedding during its larval-larval stage transitions, M. sexta displays an extended period of quiescent behavior. This behavior has been called the "molt-sleep", and has been described anecdotally as a non-moving, non-feeding state; but it has never been characterized. We observed that molting larvae respond to gentle handling and noxious stimuli with behavior resembling that observed for inter-molt larvae, and hypothesized that the quiescent behavior of larvae is similar to the sleep-like behavior observed for many adult insects, and for molting C. elegans . We used time-lapse digital recordings to profile the rest-activity patterns of M. sexta across several larval stages, and found that larval quiescent behavior shows developmental rhythms that are reproducible both across individuals and across larval stages. Quiescent behavior is reversible both during the inter-molt and molting periods. Once aroused, molting larvae can locomote at rates comparable to inter-molt larvae. Larvae that are quiescent also have increased response latencies following exposure to a noxious stimulus, resembling (in both stages) the sleep-like states of other invertebrates. However, there are differences between inter-molt and molting quiescence, in that both feeding and quiescence seem to be homeostatically regulated during the inter-molt, but not the molting period. We propose that molting larvae engage in an adaptive quiescent state that promotes energy conservation while retaining the ability to respond to a changing environment. The correlation between the timing of molt-sleep onset with the estimated peak of the steroid molting hormones suggests that molting hormones might act directly or indirectly on the nervous system to bring about changes in gene expression that alter general arousal state. To investigate possible gene products that might be involved in the induction and maintenance of the molt-sleep, we used Illumina RNA-seq to profile the brain transcriptome at several developmental time points both during and surrounding the onset of the molt-sleep. This study is the first to profile the transcriptome of any M. sexta nervous tissue. We developed a novel method for identifying transcripts, which entailed the mapping of translated reads onto the proteome of Bombyx mori , the most closely related species for which a genome is known. 10,664 unique proteins were mapped by Illumina reads during at least one stage of development. Between 2.8%-7.8% of all genes were differentially-expressed in the brain at a given stage when compared to mid-inter-molt reference levels. Cluster and enrichment analysis reveals a dominance of processes related to trachea cuticle synthesis and degradation. In addition, many of the differentially-expressed transcripts encode neuropeptides, enzymes involved in the synthesis of small neurotransmitters, ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels and other products associated with neural activity. Possible roles for these gene products in the modulation of larval arousal-state are described.
Book Synopsis Biology of Blood-Sucking Insects by : Mike Lehane
Download or read book Biology of Blood-Sucking Insects written by Mike Lehane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blood-sucking insects are the vectors of many of the most debilitating parasites of man and his domesticated animals. In addition they are of considerable direct cost to the agricultural industry through losses in milk and meat yields, and through damage to hides and wool, etc. So, not surprisingly, many books of medical and veterinary entomology have been written. Most of these texts are organized taxonomically giving the details of the life-cycles, bionomics, relationship to disease and economic importance of each of the insect groups in turn. I have taken a different approach. This book is topic led and aims to discuss the biological themes which are common in the lives of blood-sucking insects. To do this I have concentrated on those aspects of the biology of these fascinating insects which have been clearly modified in some way to suit the blood-sucking habit. For example, I have discussed feeding and digestion in some detail because feeding on blood presents insects with special problems, but I have not discussed respiration because it is not affected in any particular way by haematophagy. Naturally there is a subjective element in the choice of topics for discussion and the weight given to each. I hope that I have not let my enthusiasm for particular subjects get the better of me on too many occasions and that the subject material achieves an overall balance.
Book Synopsis Insect Behavior by : Janice R. Matthews
Download or read book Insect Behavior written by Janice R. Matthews and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in insect behavior is growing rapidly, as reflected both in courses devoted fully to the topic and in its inclusion in general biology, ecology, invertebrate zoology, and animal behavior--as well as general entomology--curricula. Instructors and students find that insects are in many ways uniquely suitable animals for behavioral study: the
Book Synopsis Chemical Ecology of Insects by : William J. Bell
Download or read book Chemical Ecology of Insects written by William J. Bell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our objective in compiling a series of chapters on the chemical ecology of insects has been to delineate the major concepts of this discipline. The fine line between presenting a few topics in great detail or many topics in veneer has been carefully drawn, such that the book contains sufficient diversity to cover the field and a few topics in some depth. After the reader has penetrated the crust of what has been learned about chemical ecology of insects, the deficiencies in our understanding of this field should become evident. These deficiencies, to which no chapter topic is immune, indicate the youthful state of chemical ecology and the need for further investigations, especially those with potential for integrating elements that are presently isolated from each other. At the outset of this volume it becomes evident that, although we are beginning to decipher how receptor cells work, virtually nothing is known of how sensory information is coded to become relevant to the insect and to control the behavior of the insect. This problem is exacerbated by the state of our knowledge of how chemicals are distributed in nature, especially in complex habitats. And finally, we have been unable to understand the significance of orientation pathways of insects, in part because of the two previous problems: orientation seems to depend on patterns of distri bution of chemicals, the coding of these patterns by the central nervous system, and the generation of motor output based on the resulting motor commands.
Book Synopsis Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry of Insects by : K. H. Hoffmann
Download or read book Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry of Insects written by K. H. Hoffmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the zoological classes the insects are the most numerous in species and the most varied in structure. Estimates of the number 18 of species vary from 1 to 10 million, and 10 individuals are es timated to be alive at any given moment. In their evolution, in sects are relatively ancient and, therefore, they have proved to be a phenomenally successful biological design which has survived unchanged in its basic winged form during the last 300 m. y. In sects were the first small animals to colonize the land with full suc cess. Their small size opened many more ecological niches to them and permitted a greater diversification than the vertebrates. What is it about this design that has made insects so successful in habitats stretching from arid deserts to the Arctic and Antarctic and from freshwater brooks to hot springs and salines? Is it due to the adapta bility of their behavior, physiology, and biochemistry to changing environmental conditions? Three features of insects are of particular importance in determin ing their physiological relationship with the environment: their small size, as mentioned above, the impermeability and rigidity of their exoskeleton, and their poikilothermy. Of course, as with any other animals, the insects' success in its environment depends on its ability to maintain its internal state within certain tolerable limits of temperature, osmotic pressure, pH or oxygen concentra tion (homoeostasis).
Download or read book Cockroaches written by William J. Bell and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2007-07-27 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description
Download or read book The Insects written by P. J. Gullan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-07-13 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This established, popular textbook provides a stimulating andcomprehensive introduction to the insects, the animals thatrepresent over half of the planet's biological diversity. In thisnew fourth edition, the authors introduce the key features ofinsect structure, function, behavior, ecology and classification,placed within the latest ideas on insect evolution. Much of thebook is organised around major biological themes - living on theground, in water, on plants, in colonies, and as predators,parasites/parasitoids and prey. A strong evolutionary theme ismaintained throughout. The ever-growing economic importance ofinsects is emphasized in new boxes on insect pests, and in chapterson medical and veterinary entomology, and pest management. Updated'taxoboxes' provide concise information on all aspects of each ofthe 27 major groupings (orders) of insects. Key Features: All chapters thoroughly updated with the latest results frominternational studies Accompanying website with downloadable illustrations and linksto video clips All chapters to include new text boxes of topical issues andstudies Major revision of systematic and taxonomy chapter Still beautifully illustrated with more new illustrations fromthe artist, Karina McInnes A companion resources site is available at ahref="http://www.wiley.com/go/gullan/insects"target="_blank"www.wiley.com/go/gullan/insects/a. This siteincludes: Copies of the figures from the book for downloading, along witha PDF of the captions. Colour versions of key figures from the book A list of useful web links for each chapter, selected by theauthor.
Book Synopsis Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation by : J. Reinert
Download or read book Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation written by J. Reinert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is instructive to compare the response of biologists to the two themes that comprise the title of this volume. The concept of the cell cycle-in contra distinction to cell division-is a relatively recent one. Nevertheless biologists of all persuasions appreciate and readily agree on the central problems in this area. Issues ranging from mechanisms that initiate and integrate the synthesis of chro mosomal proteins and DNA during S-phase of mitosis to the manner in which assembly of microtubules and their interactions lead to the segregation of metaphase chromosomes are readily followed by botanists and zoologists, as well as by cell and molecular biologists. These problems are crisp and well-defined. The current state of "cell differentiation" stands in sharp contrast. This, one of the oldest problems in experimental biology, almost defies definition today. The difficulties arise not only from a lack of pertinent information on the regulatory mechanisms, but also from conflicting basic concepts in this field. One of the ways in which this situation might be improved would be to find a broader experimental basis, including a better understanding of the relationship between the cell cycle and cell differentiation.
Book Synopsis Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies by : Isaac Ishaaya
Download or read book Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies written by Isaac Ishaaya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the highlights of this book are the use of nanotechnology to increase potency of available insecticides, the use of genetic engineering techniques for controlling insect pests, the development of novel insecticides that bind to unique biochemical receptors, the exploration of natural products as a source for environmentally acceptable insecticides, and the use of insect genomics and cell lines for determining biological and biochemical modes of action of new insecticides.
Book Synopsis New Strategies in Locust Control by : S. Krall
Download or read book New Strategies in Locust Control written by S. Krall and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late eighties large-scale control operations were carried out to control a major desert locust upsurge in Africa. For the first time since the banning of organochlorine pesticides these operations relied mainly on non-persistent pesticides such as organophosphates and pyrethroids. The amount of pesticides sprayed and the area covered were probably the highest in the history of locust control and raised criticism with respect to efficacy, economic viability and environmental impact. As a consequence, applied research into the problem was intensified, both at the national and the international level, with the goal of finding new and environmentally sound approaches and solutions to locust and grasshopper control. Emphasis was laid on developing new control agents and techniques.
Book Synopsis Host Manipulation by Parasites by : David P. Hughes
Download or read book Host Manipulation by Parasites written by David P. Hughes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parasites that manipulate the behaviour of their hosts represent striking examples of adaptation by natural selection. This text provides an authoritative review of host manipulation by parasites that assesses developments in the field and lays out a framework for future research.
Download or read book The Insects written by R. F. Chapman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Epithelial Transport Physiology by : George A. Gerencser
Download or read book Epithelial Transport Physiology written by George A. Gerencser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological cell membranes regulate the transfer of matter and information between the intracellular and extracellular compartments as basic survival and maintenance functions for an organism. This volume contains a series of reviews that are c- cerned with how epithelial plasma membranes regulate the transport of solutes between the intracellular and extracellular compartments of a cell. This book is also an attempt to analyze the molecular basis for the movement of various solutes across an epithelial cell membrane. This volume is devoted to a diversity of epithelial transport mechanisms in rep- sentative cell membranes of a variety of living things. The ?rst section of the book (Chapters 1–6) focuses on mechanisms of solute transport in epithelia of inver- brates. The last section which comprises ten chapters (Chapters 7–16) deals with solute transporters in epithelial cell membranes of vertebrates. It is hoped that with this particular ordering the reader can glean a telescopic view of the evolutionary history of the various epithelial solute transporters.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Insects by : Vincent H. Resh
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Insects written by Vincent H. Resh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-22 with total page 1169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Awarded Best Reference by the New York Public Library (2004), Outstanding Academic Title by CHOICE (2003), and AAP/PSP 2003 Best Single Volume Reference/Sciences by Association of American Publishers' Professional Scholarly Publishing Division, the first edition of Encyclopedia of Insects was acclaimed as the most comprehensive work devoted to insects. Covering all aspects of insect anatomy, physiology, evolution, behavior, reproduction, ecology, and disease, as well as issues of exploitation, conservation, and management, this book sets the standard in entomology. The second edition of this reference will continue the tradition by providing the most comprehensive, useful, and up-to-date resource for professionals. Expanded sections in forensic entomology, biotechnology and Drosphila, reflect the full update of over 300 topics. Articles contributed by over 260 high profile and internationally recognized entomologists provide definitive facts regarding all insects from ants, beetles, and butterflies to yellow jackets, zoraptera, and zygentoma. 66% NEW and revised content by over 200 international experts New chapters on Bedbugs, Ekbom Syndrome, Human History, Genomics, Vinegaroons Expanded sections on insect-human interactions, genomics, biotechnology, and ecology Each of the 273 articles updated to reflect the advances which have taken place in entomology research since the previous edition Features 1,000 full-color photographs, figures and tables A full glossary, 1,700 cross-references, 3,000 bibliographic entries, and online access save research time Updated with online access
Download or read book Ant Ecology written by Lori Lach and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The incredible global diversity of ants, and their important ecological roles, mean that we cannot ignore the significance of ants in ecological systems. Ant Ecology takes the reader on a journey of discovery from the beginnings of ants many hundreds of thousands of years ago, through to the makings of present day distributions.
