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The Medieval Economy Of Salvation
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Book Synopsis The Medieval Economy of Salvation by : Adam J. Davis
Download or read book The Medieval Economy of Salvation written by Adam J. Davis and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-15 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Medieval Economy of Salvation, Adam J. Davis shows how the burgeoning commercial economy of western Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, alongside an emerging culture of Christian charity, led to the establishment of hundreds of hospitals and leper houses. Focusing on the county of Champagne, he looks at the ways in which charitable organizations and individuals—townspeople, merchants, aristocrats, and ecclesiastics—saw in these new institutions a means of infusing charitable giving and service with new social significance and heightened expectations of spiritual rewards. In tracing the rise of the medieval hospital during a period of intense urbanization and the transition from a gift economy to a commercial one, Davis makes clear how embedded this charitable institution was in the wider social, cultural, religious, and economic fabric of medieval life.
Book Synopsis The Medieval Economy of Salvation by : Adam Jeffrey Davis
Download or read book The Medieval Economy of Salvation written by Adam Jeffrey Davis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Medieval Economy of Salvation, Adam J. Davis shows how the burgeoning commercial economy of western Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, alongside an emerging culture of Christian charity, led to the establishment of hundreds of hospitals and leper houses. Focusing on the county of Champagne, he looks at the ways in which charitable organizations and individuals--townspeople, merchants, aristocrats, and ecclesiastics--saw in these new institutions a means of infusing charitable giving and service with new social significance and heightened expectations of spiritual rewards. Hospitals served as visible symbols of piety and, as a result, were popular objects of benefaction. They also presented lay women and men with new penitential opportunities to personally perform the works of mercy, which many embraced as a way to earn salvation. At the same time, these establishments served a variety of functions beyond caring for the sick and the poor; as benefactors donated lands and money to them, hospitals became increasingly central to local economies, supplying loans, distributing food, and acting as landlords. In tracing the rise of the medieval hospital during a period of intense urbanization and the transition from a gift economy to a commercial one, Davis makes clear how embedded this charitable institution was in the wider social, cultural, religious, and economic fabric of medieval life.
Book Synopsis Religious Poverty and the Profit Economy in Medieval Europe by : Lester K. Little
Download or read book Religious Poverty and the Profit Economy in Medieval Europe written by Lester K. Little and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this stimulating and important book Lester Little advances the original thesis that, paradoxically, it was the leading practitioners of voluntary poverty, Franciscan and Dominican friars, who finally formulated a Christian ethic which justified the activities of merchants, moneylenders, and other urban professionals, and created a Christian spirituality suitable for townsmen. Little has synthesized a vast body of specialized literature in Italian, German, French, and English to write an interpretive essay which provides a new perspective on the interaction between economic and social forces and the religious movements advocating the apostolic ideal of voluntary poverty...Little's book is a major contribution, not only to the history of the religious movement of voluntary poverty, but also to the interdisciplinary study of the middle ages." --Journal of Social History
Download or read book Sacred Trust written by Robert B. Ekelund and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-10-31 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without meaning to be irreverent, it is fair to say that in the Middle Ages, at the height of its political and economic power, the Roman Catholic Church functioned in part as a powerful and sophisticated corporation. The Church dealt in a "product" many consumers felt they had to have: the salvation of their immortal souls. The Pope served as its CEO, the College of Cardinals as its board of directors, bishoprics and monasteries as its franchises. And while the Church certainly had moral and social goals, this early antecedent to AT&T and General Motors had economic motives and methods as well, seeking to maximize profits by eliminating competitors and extending its markets. In Sacred Trust: The Medieval Church as an Economic Firm, five highly respected economists advance the controversial argument that the story of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages is in large part a story of supply and demand. Without denying the centrality--or sincerity--of religious motives, the authors employ the tools of modern economics to analyze how the Church's objectives went well beyond the realm of the spiritual. They explore the myriad sources of the Church's wealth, including tithes and land rents, donations and bequests, judicial services and monastic agricultural production. And they present an in-depth look at the ways in which Church principles on marriage, usury, and crusade were revised as necessary to meet--and in many ways to create--the needs of a vast body of consumers. Along the way, the book raises and answers many intriguing questions. The authors explore the reasons behind the great crusades against the Moslems, probing beyond motives of pure idealism to highlight the Church's concern with revenues from tourism and the sale of relics threatened by Moslem encroachment in the holy lands. They examine the Church's involvement in the marriage market, revealing how the clergy filled their coffers by extracting fees for blessing or dissolving marital unions, for hearing marital disputes, and even for granting permission for blood relatives to wed. And they shed light on the concept of purgatory, showing how this "product innovation" developed by the Church in the twelfth century--a form of "deferred payment"--opened the floodgates for a fresh market in post-mortem atonement through payments on behalf of the deceased. Finally, the authors show how the cumulative costs that the faithful were asked to bear eventually priced the Roman Catholic church out of the market, paving the way for Protestant reformers like Martin Luther. A ground-breaking look at the growth and decline of the medieval Church, Sacred Trust demonstrates how economic reasoning can be used to cast light on the behavior of any complex historical institution. It offers rare insight into one of the great historical powers of Western civilization, in a analysis that will intrigue anyone interested in life in the Middle Ages, in church history, or in the influence of economic motives on historical events.
Book Synopsis The Reformation: A Very Short Introduction by : Peter Marshall
Download or read book The Reformation: A Very Short Introduction written by Peter Marshall and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reformation transformed Europe, and left an indelible mark on the modern world. It began as an argument about what Christians needed to do to be saved, but rapidly engulfed society in a series of fundamental changes. This Very Short Introduction provides a lively and up-to-date guide to the process. It explains doctrinal debates in a clear and non-technical way, but is equally concerned to demonstrate the effects the Reformation had on politics, society, art, and minorities. Peter Marshall argues that the Reformation was not a solely European phenomenon, but that varieties of faith exported from Europe transformed Christianity into a truly world religion. The complex legacy of the Reformation is also assessed; its religious fervour produced remarkable stories of sanctity and heroism, and some extraordinary artistic achievements, but violence, holy war, and martyrdom were equally its products. A paradox of the Reformation - that it intensified intolerance while establishing pluralism - is one we still wrestle with today. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Book Synopsis Redemption and the Merchant God by : Susan McReynolds
Download or read book Redemption and the Merchant God written by Susan McReynolds and published by Northwestern University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dostoyevsky's antisemitism, manifested in his writings of the 1870s, seems to contradict his humanism, and many critics have tended to dismiss it as a marginal detail of the writer's views. Argues, however, that antisemitism held an important place in Dostoyevsky's ethical system, and was linked to his vexed relationship with Christianity. Notes that he staunchly held three ethical principles: sanctity of children, incompatibility of ethics with utilitarianism and calculation, and the view that every kind of authority was bound by the same moral strictures as individuals. Thus, he could not accept a God who had sacrificed his "son" or a redemption brought about by the suffering of a child (Jesus). Dostoyevsky invented the image of a Jew onto whom he could project everything that was unacceptable to him in religion and Western ethics. He considered the "merchant ethics" of both liberalism and socialism to be a Jewish idea and, in particular, regarded the politics of the "Jew" Disraeli as an embodiment of such ethics: to sacrifice innocent Balkan Slavs in the name of supreme political principles. In the 1870s, Dostoyevsky increasingly contrasted the Russian conception of God and compassion for the weak with the Jewish-Western "merchant God" and the idea of obtaining benefits for one person from the suffering of another, innocent person. He developed a conception of principal opposition between things Russian and things Jewish.
Book Synopsis The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages by : Werner Verbeke
Download or read book The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages written by Werner Verbeke and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary approach, wit hits comparative study of sources, helps to highlight the intellectual preoccupations of many religious thinkers who grappled with the overwhelming prospect of Universal destruction.
Book Synopsis Sacred Economies by : Michael J. Walsh
Download or read book Sacred Economies written by Michael J. Walsh and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Buddhist monasteries in medieval China employed a variety of practices to ensure their ascendancy and survival. Most successful was the exchange of material goods for salvation, as in the donation of land, which allowed monks to spread their teachings throughout China. By investigating a variety of socioeconomic spaces produced and perpetuated by Chinese monasteries, Michael J. Walsh reveals the "sacred economies" that shaped early Buddhism and its relationship with consumption and salvation. Centering his study on Tiantong, a Buddhist monastery that has thrived for close to seventeen centuries in southeast China, Walsh follows three main topics: the spaces monks produced, within and around which a community could pursue a meaningful existence; the social and economic avenues through which monasteries provided diverse sacred resources and secured the primacy of Buddhist teachings within an agrarian culture; and the nature of "transactive" participation within monastic spaces, which later became a fundamental component of a broader Chinese religiosity. Unpacking these sacred economies and repositioning them within the history of religion in China, Walsh encourages a different approach to the study of Chinese religion, emphasizing the critical link between religious exchange and the production of material culture.
Book Synopsis Medieval Economic Thought by : Diana Wood
Download or read book Medieval Economic Thought written by Diana Wood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-10-17 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to medieval economic thought, mainly from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries, as it emerges from the works of academic theologians and lawyers and other sources - from Italian merchants' writings to vernacular poetry, Parliamentary legislation, and manorial court rolls. It raises a number of questions based on the Aristotelian idea of the mean, the balance and harmony underlying justice, as applied by medieval thinkers to the changing economy. How could private ownership of property be reconciled with God's gift of the earth to all in common? How could charity balance resources between rich and poor? What was money? What were the just price and the just wage? How was a balance to be achieved between lender and borrower and how did the idea of usury change to reflect this? The answers emerge from a wide variety of ecclesiastical and secular sources.
Book Synopsis Burning Bodies by : Michael D. Barbezat
Download or read book Burning Bodies written by Michael D. Barbezat and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Burning Bodies interrogates the ideas that the authors of historical and theological texts in the medieval West associated with the burning alive of Christian heretics. Michael Barbezat traces these instances from the eleventh century until the advent of the internal crusades of the thirteenth century, depicting the exclusionary fires of hell and judicial execution, the purifying fire of post-mortem purgation, and the unifying fire of God's love that medieval authors used to describe processes of social inclusion and exclusion. Burning Bodies analyses how the accounts of burning heretics alive referenced, affirmed, and elaborated upon wider discourses of community and eschatology. Descriptions of burning supposed heretics alive were profoundly related to ideas of a redemptive Christian community based upon a divine, unifying love, and medieval understandings of what these burnings could have meant to contemporaries cannot be fully appreciated outside of this discourse of communal love. For them, human communities were bodies on fire. Medieval theologians and academics often described the corporate identity of the Christian world as a body joined together by the love of God. This love was like a fire, melting individuals together into one whole. Those who did not spiritually burn with God's love were destined to burn literally in the fires of Hell or Purgatory, and the fires of execution were often described as an earthly extension of these fires. Through this analysis, Barbezat demonstrates how presentations of heresy, and to some extent actual responses to perceived heretics, were shaped by long-standing images of biblical commentary and exegesis. He finds that this imagery is more than a literary curiosity; it is, in fact, a formative historical agent.
Book Synopsis Excommunication for Debt in Late Medieval France by : Tyler Lange
Download or read book Excommunication for Debt in Late Medieval France written by Tyler Lange and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A re-evaluation of late medieval church courts' role in the enforcement of minor credit through the widespread, frequent excommunication of debtors.
Book Synopsis Economic Origins of Roman Christianity by : Robert Burton Ekelund
Download or read book Economic Origins of Roman Christianity written by Robert Burton Ekelund and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using basic concepts of economic theory, the authors explain the origin and subsequent spread of Roman Christianity, showing first how the standard concepts of risk, cost and benefit can account for the demand for religion.
Book Synopsis Luther and the Reformation of the Later Middle Ages by : Eric Leland Saak
Download or read book Luther and the Reformation of the Later Middle Ages written by Eric Leland Saak and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses, an act often linked with the start of the Reformation. In this work, Eric Leland Saak argues that the 95 Theses do not signal Luther's break from Roman Catholicism. An obedient Observant Augustinian Hermit, Luther's self-understanding from 1505 until at least 1520 was as Brother Martin Luther, Augustinian, not Reformer, and he continued to wear his habit until October 1524. Saak demonstrates that Luther's provocative act represented the culmination of the late medieval Reformation. It was only the failure of this earlier Reformation that served as a catalyst for the onset of the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. Luther's true Reformation discovery had little to do with justification by faith, or with his 95 Theses. Yet his discoveries in February of 1520 were to change everything.
Download or read book The Market as God written by Harvey Cox and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Market has deified itself, according to Harvey Cox’s brilliant exegesis. And all of the world’s problems—widening inequality, a rapidly warming planet, the injustices of global poverty—are consequently harder to solve. Only by tracing how the Market reached its divine status can we hope to restore it to its proper place as servant of humanity.
Book Synopsis Money, Commerce, and Economics in Late Medieval English Literature by : Craig E. Bertolet
Download or read book Money, Commerce, and Economics in Late Medieval English Literature written by Craig E. Bertolet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first collection of essays dedicated to the topics of money and economics in the English literature of the late Middle Ages. These essays explore ways that late medieval economic thought informs contemporary English texts and apply modern modes of economic analysis to medieval literature. In so doing, they read the importance and influence of historical records of practices as aids to contextualizing these texts. They also apply recent modes of economic history as a means to understand the questions the texts ask about economics, trade, and money. Collectively, these papers argue that both medieval and modern economic thought are key to valuable historical contextualization of medieval literary texts, but that this criticism can be advanced only if we also recognize the specificity of the economic and social conditions of late-medieval England.
Book Synopsis A Cultural Theology of Salvation by : Clive Marsh
Download or read book A Cultural Theology of Salvation written by Clive Marsh and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2018-11 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There aren't many serious works of systematic theology which engage with Breaking Bad, The Big Bang Theory, Crazy Heart, theories of capital and positive psychology, as well as the Isenheim Altarpiece and Handel's Messiah. This lively, contemporary study of salvation does precisely that. Christian doctrine cannot simply repeat what has gone before, even as it recognises the value and richness of the traditions Christianity carries with it. Clive Marsh acknowledges this in exploring how doctrine interweaves with life experience and cultural consumption. A Cultural Theology of Salvation considers how salvation is to be understood and articulated now, when the theme of 'redemption' appears outside of Christianity in the arts and popular culture. Marsh also assesses whether contemporary interest in 'happiness' has anything to do with salvation. The first part of the book sets the enquiry in the context of how theology operates as a discipline, and the cultural climate in which theology has to be done. The second part offers a number of case-studies (in art, music, TV, film, positive psychology, and economic life) exploring how the concerns of a doctrine of salvation are addressed directly and indirectly in Western culture. The third part distils the results of the case-studies in formulating a contemporary exposition of salvation, and concludes by showing what this means in practice.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Christianity by : John Arnold
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Christianity written by John Arnold and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2014 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the latest scholarship on the beliefs, practices, and institutions of the Christian Church between 400 and 1500 AD. The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Christianity is about the beliefs, practices, and institutions of the Roman Church between 400 and 1500AD, and brings together in one volume a host of cutting-edge analysis. The book does not primarily provide a chronological narrative, but rather seeks to demonstrate the variety, change, and complexity of religion across this long period, and the numerous different ways in which modern scholarship can approach it. It presents the work of thirty academic authors, from the US, the UK, and Europe, addressing topics that range from early medieval monasticism to late medieval mysticism, from the material wealth of the Church to the spiritual exercises through which certain believers might attempt to improve their souls. Each chapter tells a story, but seeks also to ask how and why "Christianity" took on a particular shape at a particular moment, paying attention to both the spiritual and otherwordly aspects of religion, and the very material and political contexts in which they were often embedded. The book aims to be an indispensable guide to future discussion in the field--Publisher description.
