The Measured Black White Wage Gap Among Women Is Too Small

Download The Measured Black White Wage Gap Among Women Is Too Small full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Measured Black White Wage Gap Among Women Is Too Small ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Measured Black-white Wage Gap Among Women is Too Small

Author : Derek A. Neal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (249 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Measured Black-white Wage Gap Among Women is Too Small by : Derek A. Neal

Download or read book The Measured Black-white Wage Gap Among Women is Too Small written by Derek A. Neal and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taken as a whole, the literature on black-white wage inequality suggests that racial gaps in potential wages are much larger among men than women, and further that one can accurately assess black-white gaps in potential wages among women without accounting for black-white differences in patterns of female labor supply. This paper challenges both pieces of this conventional wisdom. I provide several estimates of the black-white gap in potential wages for the year 1990 using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), a panel data set that includes persons born between 1957 and 1964. I exploit data on wages and income sources for years before and after 1990 to develop imputation methods that allow me to adjust measures of the black-white wage gap among women for racial differences in selection patterns. Among young adult employed women in 1990, the Census, Current Population Surveys, and NLSY data yield median log wage gaps of -.11, -16, and -.18 respectively. Based on several different imputation procedures, I estimate that the median black-white gap in log potential wages among women in the NLSY is approximately -.25

Selection and the Measured Black-White Wage Gap Among Young Women Revisited

Author : James Albrecht
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Selection and the Measured Black-White Wage Gap Among Young Women Revisited by : James Albrecht

Download or read book Selection and the Measured Black-White Wage Gap Among Young Women Revisited written by James Albrecht and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derek Neal (JPE 2004) used the NLSY79 to show that the observed median log wage gap between young white and young black women in 1990 underestimated the true, selection-corrected gap, i.e., the gap we would have expected to see had all of these women been employed in 1990. In this paper, we use the NLSY97 to update his analysis. The observed median log wage gap increased substantially between 1990 and 2011, as did the selection-corrected gap. These increases are explained to a considerable extent by changes in the distribution of educational attainment across young white and black women.

The Role of Pre-market Factors in Black-white Wage Differences

Author : Derek A. Neal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (326 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Role of Pre-market Factors in Black-white Wage Differences by : Derek A. Neal

Download or read book The Role of Pre-market Factors in Black-white Wage Differences written by Derek A. Neal and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many attempts to measure the wage effects of current labor market discrimination against minorities include controls for worker productivity that (1) could themselves be affected by market discrimination and (2) are very imprecise measures of worker skill. The resulting estimates of residual wage gaps may be biased. Our approach is a parsimoniously specified wage equation which controls for skill with the score of a test administered as teenagers prepared to leave high school and embark on work careers or post-secondary education. Independent evidence shows that this test score is a racially unbiased measure of the skills and abilities these teenagers were about to bring to the labor market. We find that this one test score explains all of the black-white wage gap for young women and much of the gap for young men. For today's young adults, the black-white wage gap primarily reflects a skill gap, which in turn can be traced, at least in part, to observable differences in the family backgrounds and school environments of black and white children. While our results do provide some evidence of current labor market discrimination, skill gaps play such a large role that we believe future research should focus on the obstacles black children face in acquiring productive skills

The State of Working America 2006/2007

Author : Lawrence R. Mishel
Publisher : Comstock Publishing Associates
ISBN 13 : 9780801445293
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (452 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The State of Working America 2006/2007 by : Lawrence R. Mishel

Download or read book The State of Working America 2006/2007 written by Lawrence R. Mishel and published by Comstock Publishing Associates. This book was released on 2007 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for previous editions of The State of Working America: "The State of Working America remains unrivaled as the most-trusted source for a comprehensive understanding of how working Americans and their families are faring in today's economy."--Robert B. Reich"It is the inequality of wealth, argue the authors, rather than new technology (as some would have it), that is responsible for the failure of America's workplace to keep pace with the country's economic growth. The State of Working America is a well-written, soundly argued, and important reference book."--Library Journal "If you want to know what happened to the economic well-being of the average American in the past decade or so, this is the book for you. It should be required reading for Americans of all political persuasions."--Richard Freeman, Harvard University "A truly comprehensive and useful book that provides a reality check on loose statements about U.S. labor markets. It should be cheered by all Americans who earn their living from work."--William Wolman, former chief economist, CNBC's Business Week "The State of Working America provides very valuable factual and analytic material on the economic conditions of American workers. It is the very best source of information on this important subject."--Ray Marshall, University of Texas, former U.S. Secretary of Labor"An indispensable work . . . on family income, wages, taxes, employment, and the distribution of wealth."--Simon Head, The New York Review of Books "No matter what political camp you're in, this is the single most valuable book I know of about the state of America, period. It is the most referenced, most influential resource book of its kind."--Jeff Madrick, author, The End of Affluence "This book is the single best yardstick for measuring whether or not our economic policies are doing enough to ensure that our economy can, once again, grow for everybody."--Richard A. Gephardt "The best place to review the latest developments in changes in the distribution of income and wealth."--Lester ThurowThe State of Working America, prepared biennially since 1988 by the Economic Policy Institute, includes a wide variety of data on family incomes, wages, taxes, unemployment, wealth, and poverty-data that enable the authors to closely examine the effect of the economy on the living standards of the American people.

Population, Migration, and Socioeconomic Outcomes among Island and Mainland Puerto Ricans

Author : Marie T. Mora
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498516874
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Population, Migration, and Socioeconomic Outcomes among Island and Mainland Puerto Ricans by : Marie T. Mora

Download or read book Population, Migration, and Socioeconomic Outcomes among Island and Mainland Puerto Ricans written by Marie T. Mora and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the landmark centennial anniversary of the 1917 Jones-Shafroth Act, which granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship, the island confronts an unfolding humanitarian crisis initially triggered by an acute economic crisis surging since 2006. Analyzing large datasets such as the American Community Survey and the Puerto Rican Community Survey, this book represents the first comprehensive analysis of the socioeconomic and demographic consequences of “La Crisis Boricua” for Puerto Ricans on the island and mainland, including massive net outmigration from the island on a scale not seen for sixty years; a shrinking and rapidly aging population; a shut-down of high-tech industries; a significant loss in public and private sector jobs; a deteriorating infrastructure; higher sales taxes than any of the states; $74 billion in public debt plus another $49 billion in unfunded pension obligations; and defaults on payments to bondholders. This book also discusses how the socioeconomic and demographic outcomes differ among stateside Puerto Ricans, including recent migrants, in traditional settlement areas such as New York versus those in newer settlement areas such as Florida and Texas. Florida is now home to 1.1 million Puerto Ricans (essentially the same number as those living in New York) and received a full third of the migrants from the island to mainland during this time. Scholars interested in the transition of migrants into their receiving communities (regardless of the Puerto Rican case) will also find this book to be of interest, particularly with respect to the comparative analyses on earnings, the likelihood of being impoverished, and self-employment.

Accumulating Disadvantage

Author : Lorraine Dozier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Accumulating Disadvantage by : Lorraine Dozier

Download or read book Accumulating Disadvantage written by Lorraine Dozier and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Widening Black-White Wage Gap Among Women

Author : Jonathan Fisher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Widening Black-White Wage Gap Among Women by : Jonathan Fisher

Download or read book The Widening Black-White Wage Gap Among Women written by Jonathan Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We utilize over 30 years of the Current Population Survey to examine labor force participation and wage patterns among five cohorts of white and black women. By estimating wages using four selection correction techniques in determining the wage gap for women who are not in the labor force, we provide evidence of the changing role of selection among women over time. We find an increasing observed wage gap between white and black women for younger cohorts; however, the decline in selection for both black and white women does not explain the rising wage gap.

Race and Gender Discrimination Across Urban Labor Markets

Author : Sasha Kedzierski
Publisher : Socialy Press
ISBN 13 : 9781681178196
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (781 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Race and Gender Discrimination Across Urban Labor Markets by : Sasha Kedzierski

Download or read book Race and Gender Discrimination Across Urban Labor Markets written by Sasha Kedzierski and published by Socialy Press. This book was released on 2017-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and gender differentials in the labour market remain stubbornly persistent. Although the black/white wage gap appeared to be converging rapidly during the 1960s and early 1970s, black/white male wages have now stagnated for almost two decades. The black/ white female wage gap has actually risen over the past 15 years. The Hispanic/white wage gap has risen among both males and females in recent years. Not until the late 1970s did it begin to converge steadily (although a significant gender gap still exists). Of course, these wage gaps are only the most visible form of differences in labour market outcomes by race and gender. Substantial differences in labour force participation, unemployment rates, occupational location, non-wage compensation, job characteristics and job mobility all exist by both race and sex. Among women, white women's wages have risen steadily since 1980. Black women's wages almost reached parity with white women in the 1970s, but have diverged again in the last 15 years, as black women have experienced little wage growth. Wages and unemployment rates are often affected by overall labour force participation rates, which have changed dramatically over time. Moreover, racial minorities suffer disproportionately from lower wages because they are more likely than whites to have minority co-workers. Focusing attention on broad, aggregate industries or occupations will miss racial inequality resulting from processes that occur at the job level. This compendium is designed to provide an introduction into the literature that analyses these differences. This book investigates differentials by race and gender in the urban labour markets. It attempts to summarise some of the most important research studies relating to race and gender in the labour markets. Black-white earnings differentials are analysed that includes a treatment of differences in the ratios of employment to population. Earnings by ethnicity are also discussed. This book will be of interest to students and researchers related to fields of sociology, gender studies and urban studies.

The Black-White Test Score Gap

Author : Christopher Jencks
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815746119
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (461 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Black-White Test Score Gap by : Christopher Jencks

Download or read book The Black-White Test Score Gap written by Christopher Jencks and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " The test score gap between blacks and whites—on vocabulary, reading, and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence--is large enough to have far-reaching social and economic consequences. In their introduction to this book, Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips argue that eliminating the disparity would dramatically reduce economic and educational inequality between blacks and whites. Indeed, they think that closing the gap would do more to promote racial equality than any other strategy now under serious discussion. The book offers a comprehensive look at the factors that contribute to the test score gap and discusses options for substantially reducing it. Although significant attempts have been made over the past three decades to shrink the test score gap, including increased funding for predominantly black schools, desegregation of southern schools, and programs to alleviate poverty, the median black American still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. The book brings together recent evidence on some of the most controversial and puzzling aspects of the test score debate, including the role of test bias, heredity, and family background. It also looks at how and why the gap has changed over the past generation, reviews the educational, psychological, and cultural explanations for the gap, and analyzes its educational and economic consequences. The authors demonstrate that traditional explanations account for only a small part of the black-white test score gap. They argue that this is partly because traditional explanations have put too much emphasis on racial disparities in economic resources, both in homes and in schools, and on demographic factors like family structure. They say that successful theories will put more emphasis on psychological and cultural factors, such as the way black and white parents teach their children to deal with things they do not know or understand, and the way black and white children respond to the same classroom experiences. Finally, they call for large-scale experiments to determine the effects of schools' racial mix, class size, ability grouping, and other policies. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Claude Steele, Ronald Ferguson, William G. Bowen, Philip Cook, and William Julius Wilson. "

America Becoming

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172489
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis America Becoming by : National Research Council

Download or read book America Becoming written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-25 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. In large part, we have thrown out the antiquated notions of the 1800s, giving way to a more realistic, sociocultural view of the world. The United States is, perhaps more than any other industrialized country, distinguished by the size and diversity of its racial and ethnic minority populations. Current trends promise that these features will endure. Fifty years from now, there will most likely be no single majority group in the United States. How will we fare as a nation when race-based issues such as immigration, job opportunities, and affirmative action are already so contentious today? In America Becoming, leading scholars and commentators explore past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. This volume presents the most up-to-date findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research. It examines compelling issues in the field of race relations, including: Race and ethnicity in criminal justice. Demographic and social trends for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Trends in minority-owned businesses. Wealth, welfare, and racial stratification. Residential segregation and the meaning of "neighborhood." Disparities in educational test scores among races and ethnicities. Health and development for minority children, adolescents, and adults. Race and ethnicity in the labor market, including the role of minorities in America's military. Immigration and the dynamics of race and ethnicity. The changing meaning of race. Changing racial attitudes. This collection of papers, compiled and edited by distinguished leaders in the behavioral and social sciences, represents the most current literature in the field. Volume 1 covers demographic trends, immigration, racial attitudes, and the geography of opportunity. Volume 2 deals with the criminal justice system, the labor market, welfare, and health trends, Both books will be of great interest to educators, scholars, researchers, students, social scientists, and policymakers.

The Economic Status of Black Women

Author : Nadja Zalokar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Economic Status of Black Women by : Nadja Zalokar

Download or read book The Economic Status of Black Women written by Nadja Zalokar and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Black-white Wage Inequality in the 1990s

Author : Kenneth Alan Couch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Black-white Wage Inequality in the 1990s by : Kenneth Alan Couch

Download or read book Black-white Wage Inequality in the 1990s written by Kenneth Alan Couch and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Why are Racial and Ethnic Wage Gaps Larger for Men Than for Women?

Author : Kenneth Troske
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Why are Racial and Ethnic Wage Gaps Larger for Men Than for Women? by : Kenneth Troske

Download or read book Why are Racial and Ethnic Wage Gaps Larger for Men Than for Women? written by Kenneth Troske and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the possible sources of the larger racial and ethnic wage gaps for men than for women in the U.S. Specifically, using a newly created employer-employee matched data set containing workers in essentially all occupations, industries, and regions, we examine whether these wage differences can be accounted for by differences between men and women in the patterns of racial and ethnic segregation within occupation, industry, establishments, and occupation-establishment cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine segregation by race and ethnicity at the level of establishment and job cell. Our results indicate that greater segregation between Hispanic men and white men than between Hispanic women and white women accounts for essentially all of the higher Hispanic-white wage gap for men. In addition, our estimates indicate that greater segregation between black and white men than between black and white women accounts for a sizable share (one-third to one-half) of the higher black-white wage gap for men. Our results imply that segregation is an important contributor to the lower wages paid to black and Hispanic men than to white men with similar individual characteristics. Our results also suggest that equal pay types of laws may offer some scope for reducing the black-white wage differential for men the Hispanic-white wage differential for men

The Economics of Discrimination

Author : Gary S. Becker
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226041042
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Economics of Discrimination by : Gary S. Becker

Download or read book The Economics of Discrimination written by Gary S. Becker and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-08-15 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Gary S. Becker's The Economics of Discrimination has been expanded to include three further discussions of the problem and an entirely new introduction which considers the contributions made by others in recent years and some of the more important problems remaining. Mr. Becker's work confronts the economic effects of discrimination in the market place because of race, religion, sex, color, social class, personality, or other non-pecuniary considerations. He demonstrates that discrimination in the market place by any group reduces their own real incomes as well as those of the minority. The original edition of The Economics of Discrimination was warmly received by economists, sociologists, and psychologists alike for focusing the discerning eye of economic analysis upon a vital social problem—discrimination in the market place. "This is an unusual book; not only is it filled with ingenious theorizing but the implications of the theory are boldly confronted with facts. . . . The intimate relation of the theory and observation has resulted in a book of great vitality on a subject whose interest and importance are obvious."—M.W. Reder, American Economic Review "The author's solution to the problem of measuring the motive behind actual discrimination is something of a tour de force. . . . Sociologists in the field of race relations will wish to read this book."—Karl Schuessler, American Sociological Review

Understanding the Gender Gap

Author : Claudia Dale Goldin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Understanding the Gender Gap by : Claudia Dale Goldin

Download or read book Understanding the Gender Gap written by Claudia Dale Goldin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1990 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women have entered the labor market in unprecedented numbers. Yet these critically needed workers still earn less than men and have fewer opportunities for advancement. This study traces the evolution of the female labor force in America, addressing the issue of gender distinction in the workplace and refuting the notion that women's employment advances were a response to social revolution rather than long-run economic progress. Employing innovative quantitative history methods and new data series on employment, earnings, work experience, discrimination, and hours of work, this study establishes that the present economic status of women evolved gradually over the last two centuries and that past conceptions of women workers persist.

The Relative Earnings of Young Mexican, Black, and White Women

Author : Heather Antecol
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Relative Earnings of Young Mexican, Black, and White Women by : Heather Antecol

Download or read book The Relative Earnings of Young Mexican, Black, and White Women written by Heather Antecol and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicates that young Mexican women and young black women earned, respectively, 9.5% and 13.2% less than young white women in 1994. Differences in education appear to be the most important explanation for the Mexican-white wage gap, whereas differences in labor force attachment are the most important determinant of the black-white wage gap. The authors show that accounting for actual labor market experience, rather than simply imputing experience based on years since leaving school, is crucially important in such analyses.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.