The Logic Of Sortals

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The Logic of Sortals

Author : Max A. Freund
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030182789
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Sortals by : Max A. Freund

Download or read book The Logic of Sortals written by Max A. Freund and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sortal concepts are at the center of certain logical discussions and have played a significant role in solutions to particular problems in philosophy. Apart from logic and philosophy, the study of sortal concepts has found its place in specific fields of psychology, such as the theory of infant cognitive development and the theory of human perception. In this monograph, different formal logics for sortal concepts and sortal-related logical notions (such as sortal identity and first-order sortal quantification) are characterized. Most of these logics are intensional in nature and possess, in addition, a bidimensional character. That is, they simultaneously represent two different logical dimensions. In most cases, the dimensions are those of time and natural necessity, and, in other cases, those of time and epistemic necessity. Another feature of the logics in question concerns second-order quantification over sortal concepts, a logical notion that is also represented in the logics. Some of the logics adopt a constant domain interpretation, others a varying domain interpretation of such quantification. Two of the above bidimensional logics are philosophically grounded on predication sortalism, that is, on the philosophical view that predication necessarily requires sortal concepts. Another bidimensional logic constitutes a logic for complex sortal predicates. These three sorts of logics are among the important novelties of this work since logics with similar features have not been developed up to now, and they might be instrumental for the solution of philosophically significant problems regarding sortal predicates. The book assumes a modern variant of conceptualism as a philosophical background. For this reason, the approach to sortal predicates is in terms of sortal concepts. Concepts, in general, are here understood as intersubjective realizable cognitive capacities. The proper features of sortal concepts are determined by an analysis of the main features of sortal predicates. Posterior to this analysis, the sortal-related logical notions represented in the above logics are discussed. There is also a discussion on the extent to which the set-theoretic formal semantic systems of the book capture different aspects of the conceptualist approach to sortals. These different semantic frameworks are also related to realist and nominalist approaches to sortal predicates, and possible modifications to them are considered that might represent those alternative approaches.

More Kinds of Being

Author : E. J. Lowe
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118963865
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis More Kinds of Being by : E. J. Lowe

Download or read book More Kinds of Being written by E. J. Lowe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking into account significant developments in the metaphysical thinking of E. J. Lowe over the past 20 years, More Kinds of Being: A Further Study of Individuation, Identity, and the Logic of Sortal Terms presents a thorough reworking and expansion of the 1989 edition of Kinds of Being. Brings many of the original ideas and arguments put forth in Kinds of Being thoroughly up to date in light of new developments Features a thorough reworking and expansion of the earlier work, rather than just a new edition Reflects the author's conversion to what he calls 'the four-category ontology,' a metaphysical system that takes its inspiration from Aristotle Provides a unified discussion of individuation and identity that should prove to be essential reading for philosophers working in metaphysics.

Sortals and the Subject-predicate Distinction (2001)

Author : Michael Durrant
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351768271
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Sortals and the Subject-predicate Distinction (2001) by : Michael Durrant

Download or read book Sortals and the Subject-predicate Distinction (2001) written by Michael Durrant and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2001. The problem of the subject-predicate distinction has featured centrally in much of modern philosophy of language and philosophical logic, and the distinction is taken as basic or fundamental in modern philosophical logic. Michael Durrant seeks to demonstrate that the distinction should not be taken as basic or fundamental and argues that the reason for it being held to be fundamental is a failure to acknowledge the category and role of the sortal. A sortal is a symbol which furnishes us with a principle for distinguishing and counting particulars (objects) and whick does so in its own right relying on no antecedent principle or method of so distinguishing or counting. This book explores sortals and their relationship to the subject-predicate distinction; arguing that the nature of sortal symbols has been misconstrued in much modern writing in the philosophy of logic by failing to distinguish sortals from names and predicates.

The Logic of Sortals

Author : Max A. Freund
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030182809
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (828 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Sortals by : Max A. Freund

Download or read book The Logic of Sortals written by Max A. Freund and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-08-14 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sortal concepts are at the center of certain logical discussions and have played a significant role in solutions to particular problems in philosophy. Apart from logic and philosophy, the study of sortal concepts has found its place in specific fields of psychology, such as the theory of infant cognitive development and the theory of human perception. In this monograph, different formal logics for sortal concepts and sortal-related logical notions (such as sortal identity and first-order sortal quantification) are characterized. Most of these logics are intensional in nature and possess, in addition, a bidimensional character. That is, they simultaneously represent two different logical dimensions. In most cases, the dimensions are those of time and natural necessity, and, in other cases, those of time and epistemic necessity. Another feature of the logics in question concerns second-order quantification over sortal concepts, a logical notion that is also represented in the logics. Some of the logics adopt a constant domain interpretation, others a varying domain interpretation of such quantification. Two of the above bidimensional logics are philosophically grounded on predication sortalism, that is, on the philosophical view that predication necessarily requires sortal concepts. Another bidimensional logic constitutes a logic for complex sortal predicates. These three sorts of logics are among the important novelties of this work since logics with similar features have not been developed up to now, and they might be instrumental for the solution of philosophically significant problems regarding sortal predicates. The book assumes a modern variant of conceptualism as a philosophical background. For this reason, the approach to sortal predicates is in terms of sortal concepts. Concepts, in general, are here understood as intersubjective realizable cognitive capacities. The proper features of sortal concepts are determined by an analysis of the main features of sortal predicates. Posterior to this analysis, the sortal-related logical notions represented in the above logics are discussed. There is also a discussion on the extent to which the set-theoretic formal semantic systems of the book capture different aspects of the conceptualist approach to sortals. These different semantic frameworks are also related to realist and nominalist approaches to sortal predicates, and possible modifications to them are considered that might represent those alternative approaches.

Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects

Author : Crispin Wright
Publisher : Pergamon
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects by : Crispin Wright

Download or read book Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects written by Crispin Wright and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1983 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Companion to the Philosophy of Language

Author : Bob Hale
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118972082
Total Pages : 1176 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to the Philosophy of Language by : Bob Hale

Download or read book A Companion to the Philosophy of Language written by Bob Hale and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Providing up-to-date, in-depth coverage of the central question, and written and edited by some of the foremost practitioners in the field, this timely new edition will no doubt be a go-to reference for anyone with a serious interest in the philosophy of language.” Kathrin Glüer-Pagin, Stockholm University Now published in two volumes, the second edition of the best-selling Companion to the Philosophy of Language provides a complete survey of contemporary philosophy of language. The Companion has been greatly extended and now includes a monumental 17 new essays – with topics chosen by the editors, who curated suggestions from current contributors – and almost all of the 25 original chapters have been updated to take account of recent developments in the field. In addition to providing a synoptic view of the key issues, figures, concepts, and debates, each essay introduces new and original contributions to ongoing debates, as well as addressing a number of new areas of interest, including two-dimensional semantics, modality and epistemic modals, and semantic relationism. The extended “state-of-the-art” chapter format allows the authors, all of whom are internationally eminent scholars in the field, to incorporate original research to a far greater degree than competitor volumes. Unrivaled in scope, this volume represents the best contemporary critical thinking relating to the philosophy of language.

A Border Dispute

Author : John Macnamara
Publisher : Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis A Border Dispute by : John Macnamara

Download or read book A Border Dispute written by John Macnamara and published by Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Border Disputeintegrates the latest work in logic and semantics into a theory of language learning and presents six worked examples of how that theory revolutionizes cognitive psychology. Macnamara's thesis is set against the background of a fresh analysis of the psychologism debate of the 19th-century, which led to the current standoff between logic and psychology. The book presents psychologism through the writings of John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant, and its rejection by Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl. It then works out the general thesis that logic ideally presents a competence theory for part of human reasoning and explains how logical intuition is grounded in properties of the mind. The next six chapters present examples that illustrate the relevance of logic to psychology. These problems are all in the semantics of child language (the learning of proper names, personal pronouns, sortals or common nouns, quantifiers, and the truth-functional connectives) and reflect Macnamara's rich background in developmental psychology, particularly child language - a field, he points out, that embraces all of cognition. Technical problems raised by but not included in the examples in the main part of the text are dealt with in a separate chapter. The book concludes by describing laws in cognitive psychology, or the type of science made possible by Macnamara's new theory. John Macnamara is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Program in the History and Philosophy of Science, McGill University. A Bradford Book.

Continuants

Author : David Wiggins
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198716621
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Continuants by : David Wiggins

Download or read book Continuants written by David Wiggins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this volume David Wiggins has selected and revised eleven of his essays in an area of metaphysics where his work has been particularly influential, and he has added a substantial introduction and one new unpublished essay. Among the subjects treated are substance, identity, persistence, persons, sortals, and artefacts.

The Logic of Metaphor

Author : Eric Steinhart
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401596549
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Metaphor by : Eric Steinhart

Download or read book The Logic of Metaphor written by Eric Steinhart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Metaphors and Logic Metaphors are among the most vigorous offspring of the creative mind; but their vitality springs from the fact that they are logical organisms in the ecology of l- guage. I aim to use logical techniques to analyze the meanings of metaphors. My goal here is to show how contemporary formal semantics can be extended to handle metaphorical utterances. What distinguishes this work is that it focuses intensely on the logical aspects of metaphors. I stress the role of logic in the generation and int- pretation of metaphors. While I don't presuppose any formal training in logic, some familiarity with philosophical logic (the propositional calculus and the predicate c- culus) is helpful. Since my theory makes great use of the notion of structure, I refer to it as the structural theory of m etaphor (STM). STM is a semant ic theory of m etaphor : if STM is correct, then metaphors are cognitively meaningful and are n- trivially logically linked with truth. I aim to extend possible worlds semantics to handle metaphors. I'll argue that some sentences in natural languages like English have multiple meanings: "Juliet is the sun" has (at least) two meanings: the literal meaning "(Juliet is the sunkIT" and the metaphorical meaning "(Juliet is the sun)MET". Each meaning is a function from (possible) worlds to truth-values. I deny that these functions are identical; I deny that the metaphorical function is necessarily false or necessarily true.

An Invitation to Cognitive Science: Thinking

Author : Daniel N. Osherson
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262650434
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis An Invitation to Cognitive Science: Thinking by : Daniel N. Osherson

Download or read book An Invitation to Cognitive Science: Thinking written by Daniel N. Osherson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rather than surveying theories and data in the manner characteristic of many introductory textbooks in the field, An Invitation to Cognitive Science employs a unique case study approach, presenting a focused research topic in some depth and relying on suggested readings to convey the breadth of views and results.

Identity and Spatio-temporal Continuity

Author : David Wiggins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Identity and Spatio-temporal Continuity by : David Wiggins

Download or read book Identity and Spatio-temporal Continuity written by David Wiggins and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Conceptions of the Human Mind

Author : Gilbert Harman
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134773781
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptions of the Human Mind by : Gilbert Harman

Download or read book Conceptions of the Human Mind written by Gilbert Harman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a direct result of a conference held at Princeton University to honor George A. Miller, an extraordinary psychologist. A distinguished panel of speakers from various disciplines -- psychology, philosophy, neuroscience and artificial intelligence -- were challenged to respond to Dr. Miller's query: "What has happened to cognition? In other words, what has the past 30 years contributed to our understanding of the mind? Do we really know anything that wasn't already clear to William James?" Each participant tried to stand back a little from his or her most recent work, but to address the general question from his or her particular standpoint. The chapters in the present volume derive from that occasion.

Taking Persons Seriously

Author : Mihretu P. Guta
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1666737224
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (667 download)

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Book Synopsis Taking Persons Seriously by : Mihretu P. Guta

Download or read book Taking Persons Seriously written by Mihretu P. Guta and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2024-06-06 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume attempts to show why ontology matters for a proper grasp of issues in bioethics. Contemporary discussions on bioethics often focus on seeking solutions for a wide range of issues that revolve around persons. The issues in question are multi-layered, involving such diverse aspects as the metaphysical/ontological, personal, medical, moral, legal, cultural, social, political, religious, and environmental. In navigating through such a complex web of issues, it has been said that the central problems philosophers and bioethicists face are ethical in nature. In this regard, biomedical sciences and technological breakthroughs take a leading role in terms of shaping the sorts of questions that give rise to ethical problems. For example, is it ethical to keep terminally ill patients alive on dialysis machines or artificial ventilators? Is it ethical to take someone’s vital organs upon death and transplant them into another person’s body without any prior consent from the deceased person? Reproductive techniques also raise complicated ethical issues involving in vitro fertilization, contraceptives, prenatal testing, abortions, and genetic enhancements. Moreover, biomedical issues raise ethical problems regarding research on human subjects, stem cell research, and enhancement biotechnology. The beginning and end of life issues bring up their own complicated ethical conundrums involving, among other things, terminating life support and euthanasia. This book approaches such complex bioethical questions by engaging in ground-level debates about the ontology of persons. This is a nonnegotiable first step in taking steps forward in seeking a plausible solution(s) for the complex ethical problems in bioethics.

The Essential Child

Author : Susan A. Gelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190623500
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Essential Child by : Susan A. Gelman

Download or read book The Essential Child written by Susan A. Gelman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-21 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentialism is the idea that certain categories, such as "dog," "man," or "intelligence," have an underlying reality or true nature that gives objects their identity. Where does this idea come from? In this book, Susan Gelman argues that essentialism is an early cognitive bias. Young children's concepts reflect a deep commitment to essentialism, and this commitment leads children to look beyond the obvious in many converging ways: when learning words, generalizing knowledge to new category members, reasoning about the insides of things, contemplating the role of nature versus nurture, and constructing causal explanations. Gelman argues against the standard view of children as concrete or focused on the obvious, instead claiming that children have an early, powerful tendency to search for hidden, non-obvious features of things. She also attacks claims that children build up their knowledge of the world based on simple, associative learning strategies, arguing that children's concepts are embedded in rich folk theories. Parents don't explicitly teach children to essentialize; instead, during the preschool years, children spontaneously construct concepts and beliefs that reflect an essentialist bias. Essentialist accounts have been offered, in one form or another, for thousands of years, extending back at least to Aristotle and Plato. Yet this book is the first to address the issues surrounding essentialism from a psychological perspective. Gelman synthesizes over 15 years of empirical research on essentialism into a unified framework and explores the broader lessons that the research imparts concerning, among other things, human concepts, children's thinking, and the ways in which language influences thought. This volume will appeal to developmental, cognitive, and social psychologists, as well as to scholars in cognitive science and philosophy.

Language, Logic, and Concepts

Author : Ray Jackendoff
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262600460
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Language, Logic, and Concepts by : Ray Jackendoff

Download or read book Language, Logic, and Concepts written by Ray Jackendoff and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide-ranging collection of essays inspired by the memory of the cognitive psychologist John Macnamara.

Philosophical Grammar: a Study of Classical Quantification Theory, the Theory of Sense and Reference, and the Logic of Sortal Predicates

Download Philosophical Grammar: a Study of Classical Quantification Theory, the Theory of Sense and Reference, and the Logic of Sortal Predicates PDF Online Free

Author : John Roy Wallace
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Grammar: a Study of Classical Quantification Theory, the Theory of Sense and Reference, and the Logic of Sortal Predicates by : John Roy Wallace

Download or read book Philosophical Grammar: a Study of Classical Quantification Theory, the Theory of Sense and Reference, and the Logic of Sortal Predicates written by John Roy Wallace and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Absolute Generality

Author : Agustín Rayo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199276420
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Absolute Generality by : Agustín Rayo

Download or read book Absolute Generality written by Agustín Rayo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-23 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is it possible to quantify over absolutely all there is? Or must all of our quantifiers range over a less-than-all-inclusive domain? It has commonly been thought that the question of absolute generality is intimately connected with the set-theoretic antinomies. But the topic of absolute generality has enjoyed a surge of interest in recent years. It has become increasingly apparent that its ramifications extend well beyond the foundations of set theory. Connections include semanticindeterminacy, logical consequence, higher-order languages, and metaphysics.Rayo and Uzquiano present for the first time a collection of essays on absolute generality. These newly commissioned articles -- written by an impressive array of international scholars -- draw the reader into the forefront of contemporary research on the subject. The volume represents a variety of approaches to the problem, with some of the contributions arguing for the possibility of all-inclusive quantification and some of them arguing against it. An introduction by the editors draws ahelpful map of the philosophical terrain.