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The Lines Of Torres Vedras 1809 11
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Book Synopsis The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809–11 by : Ian Fletcher
Download or read book The Lines of Torres Vedras 1809–11 written by Ian Fletcher and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the battle of Bussaco on 27 September 1810 Wellington's heavily outnumbered troops began to withdraw towards Lisbon. By the evening of 9 October the British and Portuguese began to withdraw behind a line of defensive works that had been built to the north of Lisbon. These were not the rudimentary field works that the French anticipated, but an enormous network of forts, batteries and redoubts whose construction had been started the previous November the Lines of Torres Vedras. This 30-mile-wide line utilised the area's natural defences, damming rivers, scarping hillsides, blocking roads and establishing forts upon almost all of the hills. This title describes its design, creation and effectiveness in the face of French attacks.
Book Synopsis The Lines of Torres Vedras by : John Grehan
Download or read book The Lines of Torres Vedras written by John Grehan and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This is a well-researched, well-written, closely argued and fascinating contribution to the historiography of the Peninsular War.”—The Spectator In 1809 French armies controlled almost every province of Spain and only Wellington’s small force in Portugal stood between Napoleon and the conquest of Iberia. The French invaded Portugal in the summer of 1810, but found their way blocked by the most extensive field fortifications the world had ever seen—the Lines of Torres Vedras. Unable to penetrate the Lines, the French were driven back into Spain having suffered the heaviest defeat yet experienced by Napoleon’s armies. The retreat from Portugal marked the turning point in the Peninsular War and, from the security of the Lines, Wellington was able to mount the offensive campaigns that swept France’s Imperial armies back across the Pyrenees. The Lines of Torres Vedras is an authoritative account of the planning, construction and occupation of the Lines and of the battles, sieges and horrors of the French invasion. It is also an important study of Wellington’s strategy during the crucial years of the war against Napoleon. “Essential reading for every Peninsula enthusiast, this is recommended highly.”—Military Illustrated
Book Synopsis The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, During His Various Campaigns in India, Denmark, Portugal, Spain, the Low Countries, and France by : Arthur Wellesley of Wellington
Download or read book The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, During His Various Campaigns in India, Denmark, Portugal, Spain, the Low Countries, and France written by Arthur Wellesley of Wellington and published by . This book was released on 1847 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strongholds of the Picts by : Angus Konstam
Download or read book Strongholds of the Picts written by Angus Konstam and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the Romans withdrew from Britain, the north of the country was ruled by the most mysterious of the ancient British races, the Picts. Much of what is known about these “painted” warriors, comes from the remains of the fortifications that they left scattered around Scotland. Although the Picts are famous as sea raiders, they were also subjected to attacks from a number of opponents. To their south, the Romano-British reoccupied the abandoned Roman fortifications and hired Saxon mercenaries to strike against the Picts. Meanwhile, from the west a new group, the Scoti, attacked from Ireland. This book covers the fortification of the ancient Picts in all their conflicts and discusses the importance of these sites as religious centres and seats of power, while using the latest archeological evidence to help unravel the mystery of this ancient race.
Book Synopsis Viet Cong and NVA Tunnels and Fortifications of the Vietnam War by : Gordon L. Rottman
Download or read book Viet Cong and NVA Tunnels and Fortifications of the Vietnam War written by Gordon L. Rottman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Vietnam War, the Viet Cong (VC) main forces and North Vietnamese Army (NVA) were forced to hide weapons and supplies underground and to dig protective shelters to counter massive US firepower. Their field works defended villages, hidden base camps, and fortified complexes, and took the form of trench systems, individual fighting positions, crew-served weapon positions, bunkers, caches, and extensive tunnel complexes. Camouflage and deceptive measures, and the employment of obstacles and booby traps, went hand-in-hand with such works. This title takes a detailed look at the VC/NVA tunnel systems, field fortifications, base camps. and camouflage and concealment measures employed during the Vietnam conflict.
Book Synopsis Castles and Tower Houses of the Scottish Clans 1450–1650 by : Stuart Reid
Download or read book Castles and Tower Houses of the Scottish Clans 1450–1650 written by Stuart Reid and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the exception of the key royal sites, such as Stirling and Edinburgh, few Scottish castles were located at strategic points, or were intended to house garrisons required to defend or subjugate towns. Instead they were primarily fortified dwelling houses, erected in an environment of weak Royal authority and endemic feuding between rival clans and groups, in both Highland and Lowland areas. Although some enceinte castles were developed during the 16th and 17th centuries, most defensive construction focused on the tower house, a distinctive vernacular style of Scottish fortification. This book examines the design, development, and purpose of these quintessentially Scottish buildings, and also covers larger sites such as Urquhart and Blackness.
Book Synopsis The Fortifications of Verdun 1874–1917 by : Clayton Donnell
Download or read book The Fortifications of Verdun 1874–1917 written by Clayton Donnell and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ring of fortifications protecting the city of Verdun on the Meuse River would become critical in the infamous battle of World War I. This book examines these fortifications, including the famous forts of Douaumont and Vaux that saw some of the fiercest fighting during the battle.
Book Synopsis American Defenses of Corregidor and Manila Bay 1898–1945 by : Mark Berhow
Download or read book American Defenses of Corregidor and Manila Bay 1898–1945 written by Mark Berhow and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Philippines were declared an American Territory on January 4, 1899, and fortification construction soon began on the islands in the mouth of Manila Bay. Among the sites built were Fort Mills (Corregidor), Fort Frank, and the formidable "concrete battleship" of Fort Drum. The defenses suffered constant Japanese bombardment during World War II, leading to the surrender of American forces. In 1945 the forts were manned by Japanese soldiers determined to hold out to the bitter end. This title details the fortifications of this key strategic location, and considers both their effectiveness and historical importance.
Book Synopsis Saracen Strongholds AD 630–1050 by : David Nicolle
Download or read book Saracen Strongholds AD 630–1050 written by David Nicolle and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Islamic world drew upon a myriad of pre-existing styles of fortification, taking Romano-Byzantine, Indian and Chinese ideas to create a highly effective and sophisticated hybrid fortification that was both new and distinctive. This book examines early Saracen fortifications, covering their historical background, socio-political circumstances, and their role in protecting industry, trade and the frontiers of the Islamic world. From the mayyad 'castles in the desert' of Jordan and Syria to the 'Round City of Baghdad' and the great gates of Cairo, this book provides an insight into the majesty of the Saracen forts, illustrated with specially commissioned artwork and cutaways, together with photographs of period engravings and images of the sites today.
Book Synopsis German Field Fortifications 1939–45 by : Gordon L. Rottman
Download or read book German Field Fortifications 1939–45 written by Gordon L. Rottman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The German Army of World War II considered itself an offensive, mobile force. The experiences in the trenches in World War I had done much to shape its concept of field fortification, and its mobile warfare ethos was intended to prevent the previous war's stalemate. This book addresses frontline defensive field fortifications, built by infantrymen using local materials, and includes rifle platoon positions, trenches, crew-served weapon positions, bunkers, dugouts, shelters and more. It also covers anti-tank and anti-personnel obstacles, as well as field camouflage methods and construction methods. The integration of these positions into permanent systems and theatre-specific defences are also discussed.
Book Synopsis The Fortifications of Malta 1530–1945 by : Charles Stephenson
Download or read book The Fortifications of Malta 1530–1945 written by Charles Stephenson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Island of Malta occupies a pivotal position in the Mediterranean, forming an outpost between North Africa and the soft underbelly of Europe. Such has been its strategic importance throughout the years that it has become one of the most fortified places in the world. Following the successful defence of the island during the Great Siege of 1565, the Knights Hospitaller built new walls and fortifications. These defences failed when Napoleon occupied Malta in 1798, and the island was retaken by the British in 1800. From this point onwards, Malta's defences were modernised throughout the 19th century and the island's final test came during World War II. This book examines all these different styles of fortification from the 16th to the 20th century.
Book Synopsis The Forts of Judaea 168 BC–AD 73 by : Samuel Rocca
Download or read book The Forts of Judaea 168 BC–AD 73 written by Samuel Rocca and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-20 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the fortifications of Hasmonaean and Herodian Judaea from the middle of the second century BC, when the Maccabees rebelled against their Seleucids overlords and established an independent state, until the end of the Jewish-Roman War in AD 73.
Book Synopsis US Strategic and Defensive Missile Systems 1950–2004 by : Mark Berhow
Download or read book US Strategic and Defensive Missile Systems 1950–2004 written by Mark Berhow and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For 40 years following the end of World War II, the Western democratic governments and the Eastern Bloc Communist powers were locked in the ideological, political, and economic struggle of the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union developed missile systems capable of delivering conventional and nuclear explosives against enemy massed bomber formations in the air, and of delivering retaliatory nuclear payloads against ground targets located on distant continents. The missile systems played both a defensive role, and a potential offensive role, which was parlayed to the public as deterrence against attack by the rival bloc. This title provides a detailed overview of the fixed-launch-site strategic missile systems of the United States.
Book Synopsis Israeli Fortifications of the October War 1973 by : Simon Dunstan
Download or read book Israeli Fortifications of the October War 1973 written by Simon Dunstan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bar Lev Line along the Suez Canal was born out of the overwhelming victory of the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) in the Six Day War of 1967. Devastated by their defeat, the Egyptian army bombarded Israeli positions, causing many casualties. Accordingly, the IDF Chief of Staff, General Haim Bar-Lev, ordered the construction of a series of fortified positions named the Bar Lev Line. Each position was surrounded by barbed wire and minefields and virtually immune to strikes by artillery shells and even 500kg bombs. On 6 October 1973, Yom Kippur, the positions were manned by just 436 reservists when the Egyptian Second and Third Armies launched a massive offensive along the Suez Canal. The positions were quickly cut off from the supporting elements, and the Israeli defenders paid a high price with a casualty rate of almost 50 per cent. Despite these losses, it was not the Bar Lev Line that failed but Israel's military and political establishment, which realised Arab intentions too late.
Book Synopsis The Castles of Edward I in Wales 1277–1307 by : Christopher Gravett
Download or read book The Castles of Edward I in Wales 1277–1307 written by Christopher Gravett and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1277 Edward I gathered a huge army and marched into Wales to subdue the rebel Welsh princes. A key part of his strategy was to erect a castle wherever his army rested. This title takes a detailed look at the design, development and principles of defence of these Welsh castles, documenting daily life within their walls and the historical events that took place around them. Focusing on key sites, it highlights the varied castle designs ranging from fortifications based on French models to the defences inspired by Constantinople, and is illustrated with eight pages of full-colour illustrations and cutaway artwork.
Book Synopsis The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644 by : Stephen Turnbull
Download or read book The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644 written by Stephen Turnbull and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most famous example of fortification in the world, the Great Wall of China stretches for more than 6,000km across inhospitable terrain. Charting its development from its earliest origins in the 7th century BC through to the present day, this account reveals the true history of the wall, and explores the myths that surround it. Included are details of what it was like to live within the wall, how it was garrisoned and patrolled, and a discussion of how effective it was against attack. Through extensive examination of both ancient and modern sources, colour maps, artwork and photographs, this book illustrates why the wall is one of the great wonders of the world.
Book Synopsis Vietnam Firebases 1965-73 by : Randy E. M Foster
Download or read book Vietnam Firebases 1965-73 written by Randy E. M Foster and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artillery fire support bases of the Freeworld forces played a critical role in the conduct of operations during the Vietnam War. They served to lay down high-volume fire on enemy firing sites, supported friendly infantry operations, and executed harassing fire missions where exact targets were not known. But the firebases themselves which housed a range of other facilities such as troop shelters, surveillance radars and command centers had to be defended against ground attack, and as a result became significant fortifications in their own right. This book describes the design, development and operational history of the fire support bases throughout the conflict.
