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Download or read book The Limits of Modularity in Innovation and Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (933 download)
Download or read book The Limits of Modularity in Innovation and Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dana Alice Sheffer
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Innovation in Modular Industries written by Dana Alice Sheffer and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Product architectures are becoming increasingly modular, along with the industries that produce them. Instead of a single integrated firm designing and producing an entire product, clusters of firms design and produce individual components that are later integrated. While modularity has often been hailed as a catalyst for innovation, I show that modularity can hinder some kinds of innovation. Within a modular system, innovations that are limited to individual modules without altering interfaces and processes (modular innovations) thrive, while innovations that cross module boundaries and alter interfaces and processes (integral innovations) are stifled. In a study of implementations of twenty three different technologies in one hundred and twelve US buildings, I demonstrate that the odds for integral innovations to be implemented are 84% lower than for modular innovations, even after accounting for technology costs and other factors. The primary underlying mechanism is that integral innovations involve a loss of the embedded coordination that standardization provides. Thus, I investigate supply chain integration as a moderator and a substitute for the lost coordination. I compare high integration (both vertical and horizontal), medium integration (either vertical or horizontal), and low integration (neither vertical nor horizontal). I demonstrate that as integration increases, so does the likelihood of implementing integral innovations. In fact, the odds of implementation of integral innovations increase by 542% in supply chains characterized by high levels of integration. Thus, I shed light on the relationship between an innovation's alignment with existing industry structure and standards and the complex moderating effect of supply chain integration in modular industries. In addition, I develop a comprehensive analytical framework to explain innovation diffusion in the construction industry -- integrating the supply chain learning and coordination issues discussed above with high levels of demand fluctuation, competitive bidding by trade, and broken agency.
Author : Dieter Ernst
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Limits to Modularity written by Dieter Ernst and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dieter Ernst
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Limits to Modularity - Reflections on Recent Developments in Chip Design, Industry and Innovation, 2005 written by Dieter Ernst and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on “modularity” has made an important contribution to the study of technical change and economic institutions. It demonstrates that progress in the division of labor in design (technical modularity) has created new opportunities for the organization of firms beyond vertical integration, by fostering vertical specialization in both manufacturing and innovation. However, a small, but growing revisionist literature contends that the enthusiasm for modularity has gone too far. Instead of exploring challenges and difficulties that management is facing in implementing modularity, there is a tendency in the “modularity” literature to generalize empirical observations that are context-specific and to confound them with prescription as well as prediction. This paper sides with the revisionist literature in cautioning against claims of pervasive modularity. The objective is not to propose an alternative theory. More modestly, I am aiming to move the debate away from polemics to a scholarly discourse that asks what forces might constrain the convergence of technical, organizational and market modularity. A related objective is to explore what management can do to overcome these limits. I examine new evidence from a cutting-edge industry, semiconductors, that is often cited by modularity proponents as an indicator of broader industry trends. The paper shows that, even in this industry, there are powerful counter-forces causing organizational structures to become more integrated, not more arms' length. Evidence from chip design is used to analyze how competitive dynamics and cognitive complexity create modularity limits, and to examine management responses. I demonstrate that inter-firm collaboration requires more (not less) coordination through corporate management, if codification does not reduce complexity -- which it fails to do when technologies keep changing fast and unpredictably.
Author : Carliss Y. Baldwin
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262291851
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)
Download or read book Design Rules, Volume 1 written by Carliss Y. Baldwin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-03-02 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a dynamic economic and commerical world, surrounded by objects of remarkable complexity and power. In many industries, changes in products and technologies have brought with them new kinds of firms and forms of organization. We are discovering news ways of structuring work, of bringing buyers and sellers together, and of creating and using market information. Although our fast-moving economy often seems to be outside of our influence or control, human beings create the things that create the market forces. Devices, software programs, production processes, contracts, firms, and markets are all the fruit of purposeful action: they are designed. Using the computer industry as an example, Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark develop a powerful theory of design and industrial evolution. They argue that the industry has experienced previously unimaginable levels of innovation and growth because it embraced the concept of modularity, building complex products from smaller subsystems that can be designed independently yet function together as a whole. Modularity freed designers to experiment with different approaches, as long as they obeyed the established design rules. Drawing upon the literatures of industrial organization, real options, and computer architecture, the authors provide insight into the forces of change that drive today's economy.
Author : Peter Klemmer
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638861368
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (388 download)
Download or read book Modular product architecture - Fostering or hindering innovation? written by Peter Klemmer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: 2,0, LMU Munich (Innotec - Institut für Innovationsforschung, Technologiemanagement und Entrepreneurship), course: Innovationsmanagement: "Theorie – Empirie – Case Studies“ , language: English, abstract: Industrialization processes in the last decades have resulted in the emergence of immense new industries, which for a great part can be ascribed to comprehensive activities of technological innovation. Driven by dynamic market contexts such as globalization or technological advances leading to growing complexities and evolving consumer demands, firms are however increasingly affronted with the challenge to offer a greater variety of products of improved performance in less time and under lower costs (Momme et al. 2000, p.128; Ulrich/Eppinger 1995, p.5). Technological innovation as the means and ends of new product development therefore plays a significant role. Modular product architecture -with products that made up of a set of independent components, connected only via defined interfaces (Ulrich/Eppinger 1995, p.132)- is predominantly found in technologically intensive industries such as telecommunications, electronics or the automobile sector (Sanchez/Mahoney 1996, p.67; Staudenmayer et al 2005, p.308). Under the light of the challenges affronting firms, this paper examines the effects, modular product architecture has on technological innovation. This paper investigates the effects of modular product architecture with standardized open interfaces assuming many component producers and a central firm controlling the systemic fit of these. From a resource and production point of view, modularity in combination with a coherent process infrastructure enables firms to meet market demands described (Sanchez 2004, p.59). In addition, product-strategic flexibility is significantly improved involving the possibilities of mass-customization through flexible up- & downscaling. The setting described leads to an “outsourcing” of innovation activity to component producers, pursuing autonomous trial & error innovation and to consumers, independently performing mix & match innovation. Furthermore, this may induce changes on the architectural level of products (Baldwin/Clark 1997, p.85; Cusumano/Gawer 2002, p.55). The paper further suggests that technological innovation with modularity applied, leads to a steady evolution of products (Galvin/Morkel 2001, p.34; Langlois/Robertson 1992, p.310). The resulting changes can show sustaining (Christensen 1997, p. xv) character, but equally may disrupt existing knowledge in the event of integrative innovation. The X-Box case powerfully demonstrates key aspects of product modularity and its effects on technological innovation.
Author : Sendil K. Ethiraj
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Modularity and Innovation in Complex Systems written by Sendil K. Ethiraj and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of designing, coordinating, and managing complex systems has been central to the management and organizations literature. Recent writings have tended to offer modularity as, at least, a partial solution to this design problem. Two unifying themes characterize the extant literature on modularity. The first addresses the contingencies under which modular design structures are favored over integrated ones. A second theme in the literature revolves around the power of modularity wherein the focus is on the advantages that modular design structures have over their integrated counterparts. However, little attention has been paid to the problem of identifying what constitutes an appropriate modularization of a complex system. We develop a formal simulation model that allows us to carefully examine the dynamics of innovation and performance in complex systems. We show that there is an important asymmetry between the performance implications of over- and under-modularity. While excessive levels of integration can slow the pace of adaptation and can lead to premature lock-in to an inferior outcome, excessive levels of modularity can, in the limit, stymie any possibility of adaptive change. The analysis highlights an asymmetry in this trade-off, with excessively refined modules leading to cycling behavior and a lack of performance improvement. We discuss the implications of these arguments for product and organization design.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book California Management Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hendrik Kohleick
Publisher : Kölner Wissenschaftsverlag
ISBN 13 : 3937404503
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (374 download)
Download or read book Designing Outsourcing Relations in Knowledge Intensive Business Services written by Hendrik Kohleick and published by Kölner Wissenschaftsverlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mark Dodgson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 019969494X
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management written by Mark Dodgson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While innovation is widely recognised as being critical to organisational success and the well-being of societies, it requires careful management to ensure that innovation processes have the best possible impact. This volume provides a wide range of perspectives on the nature of innovation management and its influences.
Author : Uwe Cantner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540937773
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (49 download)
Download or read book Schumpeterian Perspectives on Innovation, Competition and Growth written by Uwe Cantner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-25 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in economics have gone from the recognition of the importance of innovation for growth and the exploration of innovation mechanisms to the incorporation of the results of the previous research into economic models. An important lesson to be drawn from all this research is that a purely macro-based analysis of growth is not enough. The various mechanisms of innovation creation and diffusion, the importance of agent heterogeneity, of market selection processes, of the internal organization of the firm and of organizational routines, and the obsolescence and the consequent emergence of new types of capital goods are a few examples of micro-economic phenomena that contribute decisively to macro-economic development. The papers in this volume approach those issues from a Schumpeterian point of view and tackle issues like the growing importance of knowledge and human capital; increasing returns and path dependence; the role of variety in economic growth; competition and industry evolution.
Author : Aimé Heene
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Competence-Based Strategic Management written by Aimé Heene and published by . This book was released on 1997-02-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of the competence concept in management has meant new concepts for developing better approaches to strategic management in organisations. The authors outline this latest method of assessing assets and capabilities in companies
Author : Raghu Garud
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405141948
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Managing in the Modular Age written by Raghu Garud and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together seminal articles by leading scholars of technological and organizational systems, exploring the impact of 'modularity'. Modularity refers to an ability to take apart and put together differenct products and networks, or to 'mix and match' components in order to meet different user specifications. This is of key importance today where new systems such as the World Wide Web and many areas of the computer industry depend on it. The volume pulls together and defines an exciting new area of inquiry: into how our 'modular age' is reshaping the business eco-system. Includes contributions from leading scholars of technology and organization Modularity refers to an ability to take apart and put together different products and systems, or to 'mix and match' components in order to meet different user specifications. Consolidates and defines an area of inquiry that is becoming increasingly important with the development of web-based and 'network' industries. Sensitizes readers to the complexity of issues surrounding new modular products and systems created by e-business Encourages readers to make connections among different levels and disciplines. Initiates a debate around issues of modularity. Includes a commentary co-authored by the late Nobel Laureate Herbert A. Simon to whom the book is dedicated.
Author : Sara Bonesso
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1447165098
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Project-Based Knowledge in Organizing Open Innovation written by Sara Bonesso and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enriching understanding of the current theoretical debate on project-based learning and R&D sourcing, ‘Project-based Knowledge in Organizing Open Innovation’ draws on innovation literature and knowledge-based perspectives to solve open problems in the relationship between knowledge development at project level and how firms organize product innovation combining in-house R&D activities with inbound open innovation. Through field research in different industrial settings (pharmaceutical, automotive and machine tools) and with complementary methodological approaches, this book provides empirical evidence on how project knowledge features affect sourcing decisions at firm level. Due to the emerging interest in the management literature on project-based organizations and on the relevance of project forms of organizing in a knowledge-based economy, this volume will appeal to scholars and students in business and management, in particular those in innovation management, organization theory and strategic management. Addressing the still open issue of how the firm level should be complemented by studies at the project level of analysis, this book provides theoretical and empirical arguments on the advantages of a more fine-grained level of analysis to understand how firms organize their innovation processes across boundaries.
Author : Duncan A. Robertson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108772935
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)
Download or read book Agent-Based Strategizing written by Duncan A. Robertson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic management is a system of continual disequilibrium, with firms in a continual struggle for competitive advantage and relative fitness. Models that are dynamic in nature are required if we are to really understand the complex notion of sustainable competitive advantage. New tools are required to tackle challenges of how firms should compete in environments characterized by both exogeneous shocks and intense endogenous competition. Agent-based modelling of firms' strategies offers an alternative analytical approach, where individual firm or component parts of a firm are modelled, each with their own strategy. Where traditional models can assume homogeneity of actors, agent-based models simulate each firm individually. This allows experimentation of strategic moves, which is particularly important where reactions to strategic moves are non-trivial. This Element introduces agent-based models and their use within management, reviews the influential NK suite of models, and offers an agenda for the development of agent-based models in strategic management.
Author : Marco Guerzoni
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319019074
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Product Variety in Automotive Industry written by Marco Guerzoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the history of product variety in the US automotive industry from the black Ford-T to hot-rodders and easy-riders up to latest trends. It focuses on the dual structure of automotive industry in the United States: on one hand, relatively few and large companies producing cars that apparently achieve a degree of market power through product differentiation, and on the other hand, a relatively small niche market with distinct and smaller producers offering specialty equipment to enhance the performance, appearance, and handling of vehicles. The book presents novel results from an in-depth study with implications for both economic theory and the management of product variety.
