The Learned Ape

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Why Chimpanzees Can't Learn Language and Only Humans Can

Author : Herbert S. Terrace
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231550014
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Chimpanzees Can't Learn Language and Only Humans Can by : Herbert S. Terrace

Download or read book Why Chimpanzees Can't Learn Language and Only Humans Can written by Herbert S. Terrace and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1970s, the behavioral psychologist Herbert S. Terrace led a remarkable experiment to see if a chimpanzee could be taught to use language. A young ape, named “Nim Chimpsky” in a nod to the linguist whose theories Terrace challenged, was raised by a family in New York and instructed in American Sign Language. Initially, Terrace thought that Nim could create sentences but later discovered that Nim’s teachers inadvertently cued his signing. Terrace concluded that Project Nim failed—not because Nim couldn’t create sentences but because he couldn’t even learn words. Language is a uniquely human quality, and attempting to find it in animals is wishful thinking at best. The failure of Project Nim meant we were no closer to understanding where language comes from. In this book, Terrace revisits Project Nim to offer a novel view of the origins of human language. In contrast to both Noam Chomsky and his critics, Terrace contends that words, as much as grammar, are the cornerstones of language. Retracing human evolution and developmental psychology, he shows that nonverbal interaction is the foundation of infant language acquisition, leading up to a child’s first words. By placing words and conversation before grammar, we can, for the first time, account for the evolutionary basis of language. Terrace argues that this theory explains Nim’s inability to acquire words and, more broadly, the differences between human and animal communication. Why Chimpanzees Can’t Learn Language and Only Humans Can is a masterful statement of the nature of language and what it means to be human.

Apes and Human Evolution

Author : Russell H. Tuttle
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674073169
Total Pages : 1089 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Apes and Human Evolution by : Russell H. Tuttle

Download or read book Apes and Human Evolution written by Russell H. Tuttle and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 1089 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this masterwork, Russell H. Tuttle synthesizes a vast research literature in primate evolution and behavior to explain how apes and humans evolved in relation to one another, and why humans became a bipedal, tool-making, culture-inventing species distinct from other hominoids. Along the way, he refutes the influential theory that men are essentially killer apes—sophisticated but instinctively aggressive and destructive beings. Situating humans in a broad context, Tuttle musters convincing evidence from morphology and recent fossil discoveries to reveal what early primates ate, where they slept, how they learned to walk upright, how brain and hand anatomy evolved simultaneously, and what else happened evolutionarily to cause humans to diverge from their closest relatives. Despite our genomic similarities with bonobos, chimpanzees, and gorillas, humans are unique among primates in occupying a symbolic niche of values and beliefs based on symbolically mediated cognitive processes. Although apes exhibit behaviors that strongly suggest they can think, salient elements of human culture—speech, mating proscriptions, kinship structures, and moral codes—are symbolic systems that are not manifest in ape niches. This encyclopedic volume is both a milestone in primatological research and a critique of what is known and yet to be discovered about human and ape potential.

The Artificial Ape

Author : Timothy Taylor
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 023010973X
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The Artificial Ape by : Timothy Taylor

Download or read book The Artificial Ape written by Timothy Taylor and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A breakthrough theory that tools and technology are the real drivers of human evolution Although humans are one of the great apes, along with chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans, we are remarkably different from them. Unlike our cousins who subsist on raw food, spend their days and nights outdoors, and wear a thick coat of hair, humans are entirely dependent on artificial things, such as clothing, shelter, and the use of tools, and would die in nature without them. Yet, despite our status as the weakest ape, we are the masters of this planet. Given these inherent deficits, how did humans come out on top? In this fascinating new account of our origins, leading archaeologist Timothy Taylor proposes a new way of thinking about human evolution through our relationship with objects. Drawing on the latest fossil evidence, Taylor argues that at each step of our species' development, humans made choices that caused us to assume greater control of our evolution. Our appropriation of objects allowed us to walk upright, lose our body hair, and grow significantly larger brains. As we push the frontiers of scientific technology, creating prosthetics, intelligent implants, and artificially modified genes, we continue a process that started in the prehistoric past, when we first began to extend our powers through objects. Weaving together lively discussions of major discoveries of human skeletons and artifacts with a reexamination of Darwin's theory of evolution, Taylor takes us on an exciting and challenging journey that begins to answer the fundamental question about our existence: what makes humans unique, and what does that mean for our future?

The Ape that Understood the Universe

Author : Steve Stewart-Williams
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108776035
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ape that Understood the Universe by : Steve Stewart-Williams

Download or read book The Ape that Understood the Universe written by Steve Stewart-Williams and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ape that Understood the Universe is the story of the strangest animal in the world: the human animal. It opens with a question: How would an alien scientist view our species? What would it make of our sex differences, our sexual behavior, our altruistic tendencies, and our culture? The book tackles these issues by drawing on two major schools of thought: evolutionary psychology and cultural evolutionary theory. The guiding assumption is that humans are animals, and that like all animals, we evolved to pass on our genes. At some point, however, we also evolved the capacity for culture - and from that moment, culture began evolving in its own right. This transformed us from a mere ape into an ape capable of reshaping the planet, travelling to other worlds, and understanding the vast universe of which we're but a tiny, fleeting fragment. Featuring a new foreword by Michael Shermer.

The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis

Author : Elaine Morgan
Publisher : Souvenir Press
ISBN 13 : 0285639811
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis by : Elaine Morgan

Download or read book The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis written by Elaine Morgan and published by Souvenir Press. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do humans differ from other primates? What do those differences tell us about human evolution? Elaine Morgan gives a revolutionary hypothesis that explains our anatomic anomalies: why we walk on two legs, why we are covered in fat, why we can control our rate of breathing? The answers point to one conclusion: millions of years ago our ancestors were trapped in a semi-aquatic environment. In presenting her case Elaine Morgan forces scientists to question accepted theories of human evolution.

Can You See a Chimpanzee?

Author : Tish Rabe
Publisher : Random House Books for Young Readers
ISBN 13 : 0593126548
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Can You See a Chimpanzee? by : Tish Rabe

Download or read book Can You See a Chimpanzee? written by Tish Rabe and published by Random House Books for Young Readers. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cat learns about primates—from marmoset monkeys to silverback gorillas—in this latest addition to the Cat in the Hat's Learning Library series! Traveling in his open-air Chimpmobile, the Cat takes Nick and Sally to Africa, Asia, and Madagascar, where they meet a barrel full of "monkeys," including mandrills, marmosets, gorillas, gibbons, gallagos, tarsiers, tamarin, pottos, bonobos—you name it! Along the way they learn the basic characteristics of primates (among them hands that can grasp and forward-facing eyes); how to tell the difference between an ape and a monkey (most monkeys have tails; apes don't); and most amazingly—that people are primates, too! Fans of the hit PBS Kids show The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! (which is based on the Cat in the Hat's Learning Library) will go bananas over this latest addition to the series!

A Better Ape

Author : Victor Kumar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197600123
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis A Better Ape by : Victor Kumar

Download or read book A Better Ape written by Victor Kumar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A Better Ape explores the evolution of the moral mind from our ancestors with chimpanzees, through the origins of our genus and our species, to the development of behaviorally modern humans who underwent revolutions in agriculture, urbanization, and industrial technology. The book begins, in Part I, by explaining the biological evolution of sympathy and loyalty in great apes and trust and respect in the earliest humans. These moral emotions are the first element of the moral mind. Part II explains the gene-culture co-evolution of norms, emotions, and reasoning in Homo sapiens. Moral norms of harm, kinship, reciprocity, autonomy, and fairness are the second element of the moral mind. A social capacity for interactive moral reasoning is the third element. Part III of the book explains the cultural co-evolution of social institutions and morality. Family, religious, military, political, and economic institutions expanded small bands into large tribes and created more intense social hierarchies through new moral norms of authority and purity. Finally, Part IV explains the rational and cultural evolution of moral progress and moral regress as human societies experienced gains and losses in inclusivity and equality. Moral progress against racism, homophobia, speciesism, sexism, classism, and global injustice depends on integration of privileged and oppressed people in physical space, social roles, and democratic decision making. The central idea in the book is that all these major evolutionary transitions, from ancestral apes to modern societies, and now human survival of climate change, depend on co-evolution between morality, knowledge, and complex social structure"--

Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings

Author : Duane M. Rumbaugh
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300129351
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings by : Duane M. Rumbaugh

Download or read book Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings written by Duane M. Rumbaugh and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is animal intelligence? In what ways is it similar to human intelligence? Many behavioral scientists have realized that animals can be rational, can think in abstract symbols, can understand and react to human speech, and can learn through observation as well as conditioning many of the more complicated skills of life. Now Duane Rumbaugh and David Washburn probe the mysteries of the animal mind even further, identifying an advanced level of animal behavior—emergents—that reflects animals’ natural and active inclination to make sense of the world. Rumbaugh and Washburn unify all behavior into a framework they call Rational Behaviorism and present it as a new way to understand learning, intelligence, and rational behavior in both animals and humans. Drawing on years of research on issues of complex learning and intelligence in primates (notably rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees, and bonobos), Rumbaugh and Washburn provide delightful examples of animal ingenuity and persistence, showing that animals are capable of very creative solutions to novel challenges. The authors analyze learning processes and research methods, discuss the meaningful differences across the primate order, and point the way to further advances, enlivening theoretical material about primates with stories about their behavior and achievements.

The Ape That Spoke

Author : John McCrone
Publisher : Avon Books
ISBN 13 : 9780380713998
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ape That Spoke by : John McCrone

Download or read book The Ape That Spoke written by John McCrone and published by Avon Books. This book was released on 1992-04 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Going Ape

Author : Brandon Haught
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780813049434
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (494 download)

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Book Synopsis Going Ape by : Brandon Haught

Download or read book Going Ape written by Brandon Haught and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Haught chronicles the war over teaching evolution in Florida's schools, from the first shouts of religious persecution and child endangerment in Tallahassee in 1923 to the forced delays and extra public hearings in state-level textbook adoptions today.

The Learned Ape

Author : Patrick Bridgwater
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis The Learned Ape by : Patrick Bridgwater

Download or read book The Learned Ape written by Patrick Bridgwater and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ape Into Man

Author : Sherwood Larned Washburn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ape Into Man by : Sherwood Larned Washburn

Download or read book Ape Into Man written by Sherwood Larned Washburn and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Waterside Ape

Author : Peter H. Rhys Evans
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429629419
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis The Waterside Ape by : Peter H. Rhys Evans

Download or read book The Waterside Ape written by Peter H. Rhys Evans and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are humans so fond of water? Why is our skin colour so variable? Why aren’t we hairy like our close ape relatives? A savannah scenario of human evolution has been widely accepted primarily due to fossil evidence; and fossils do not offer insight into these questions. Other alternative evolutionary scenarios might, but these models have been rejected. This book explores a controversial idea – that human evolution was intimately associated with watery habitats as much or more than typical savannahs. Written from a medical point of view, the author presents evidence supporting a credible alternative explanation for how humans diverged from our primate ancestors. Anatomical and physiological evidence offer insight into hairlessness, different coloured skin, subcutaneous fat, large brains, a marine-type kidney, a unique heat regulation system and speech. This evidence suggests that humans may well have evolved, not just as savannah mammals, as is generally believed, but with more affinity for aquatic habitats – rivers, streams, lakes and coasts. Key Features: Presents the evidence for a close association between riparian habitats and the origin of humans Reviews the "savannah ape" hypothesis for human origins Describes various anatomical adaptations that are associated with hypotheses of human evolution Explores characteristics from the head and neck such as skull and sinus structures, the larynx and ear structures and functions Corroborates a novel scenario for the origin of human kind ‘... a counterpoint to the textbooks or other books which deal with human evolution. I think readers will see it as a clearly written, well-supported discussion of an alternativeperspective on human origins’. —Kathlyn Stewart, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa ‘There is a pressing need to expand discussions of human evolution to includenon-anthropocentric narratives that use comparative data. Dr Rhys-Evans’ specific expertise and experience with the human head, neck, ears, throat, mouth and sinuses, provides him with a distinct perspective from which to approach the subject of human evolution. Moreover, his understanding of non-anthropocentric views of human evolution (water-based models), allow him to apply a biological approach to the subject, missing in more traditional (savannah-based) models’. —Stephen Munro, National Museum of Australia

99% Ape

Author : Jonathan W. Silvertown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis 99% Ape by : Jonathan W. Silvertown

Download or read book 99% Ape written by Jonathan W. Silvertown and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Darwin was mocked for suggesting that humans have apes for ancestors, but every scientific advance in the study of life in the last 150 years has confirmed the reality of evolution. In 99% Ape: How Evolution Adds Up leading experts explain this fundamental yet often complex subject and guide the general reader through the latest evidence."--Back cover.

Silent Partners

Author : Eugene Linden
Publisher : Ballantine Books
ISBN 13 : 9780345342348
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Silent Partners by : Eugene Linden

Download or read book Silent Partners written by Eugene Linden and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 1987-07-12 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social Learning In Animals

Author : Cecilia M. Heyes
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080541313
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Learning In Animals by : Cecilia M. Heyes

Download or read book Social Learning In Animals written by Cecilia M. Heyes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-05-23 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing realization among behaviorists and psychologists is that many animals learn by observation as members of social systems. Such settings contribute to the formation of culture. This book combines the knowledge of two groups of scientists with different backgrounds to establish a working consensus for future research. The book is divided into two major sections, with contributions by a well-known, international, and interdisciplinary team which integrates these growing areas of inquiry. - Integrates the broad range of scientific approaches being used in the studies of social learning and imitation, and society and culture - Provides an introduction to this field of study as well as a starting point for the more experienced researcher - Chapters are succinct reviews of innovative discoveries and progress made during the past decade - Includes statements of varied theoretical perspectives on controversial topics - Authoritative contributions by an international team of leading researchers

Food of the Gods

Author : Terence McKenna
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 0712670386
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Food of the Gods by : Terence McKenna

Download or read book Food of the Gods written by Terence McKenna and published by Random House. This book was released on 1999 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reissued because of the current interest in Ecstasy, this is McKenna's extraordinary quest to discover the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. He wonders why we are so fascinated by altered states of consciousness, do they reveal something about our origins as human beings and our place in nature?