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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF CARBON MONOXIDE HYDROGENATION OVER ALUMINA-SUPPORTED RUTHENIUM. written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Kinetic Study on the Adsorption and Reaction of Hydrogen Over Silica-supported Ruthenium and Silver-ruthenium Catalysts During the Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide has been a subject of considerable investigation for many years, its increasing economical attractiveness as an industrial source of hydrocarbons has recently led to a search for more active and selective catalysts. A fundamental problem in the development of such catalysts is an incomplete knowledge of the operative surface processes, due in large part to the inability to accurately measure surface concentrations of reactant species during reaction. Specifically, the concentration of surface hydrogen proves difficult to estimate using normally revealing techniques such as transient isotopic exchange due to kinetic isotope effects. Knowledge of such concentrations is essential to the determination of the mechanisms of adsorption and reaction, since many kinetic parameters are concentration dependent. It is the aim of this research to investigate the mechanism and kinetics of the adsorption and reaction of hydrogen on silica-supported ruthenium and silver-ruthenium catalysts during the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. By preadsorbing carbon monoxide onto the surface of ruthenium and silver-ruthenium catalysts, the kinetics of hydrogen adsorption and reaction can be monitored upon exposure of this surface to ambient hydrogen gas. This is accomplished by conducting identical experiments on two separate systems. First, the formation of methane is monitored using mass spectroscopy, and specific reaction rates and apparent activation energies are measured. Next, in situ[sup 1]H-NMR is used to monitor the amount of hydrogen present on the catalyst surface during adsorption and reaction. The results for these two sets of experiments are then combined to show a correlation between the rate of reaction and the surface hydrogen concentration. Finally, transition state theory is applied to this system and is used to explain the observed change in the apparent activation energy. The structure sensitivity of hydrogen adsorption on ruthenium is then elucidated by comparison of these results with differential heats of hydrogen adsorption data for the two systems.
Author : Annemie Bogaerts
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038977500
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Author : David Paul VanderWiel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (411 download)
Download or read book A Kinetic Study on the Adsorption and Reaction of Hydrogen Over Silica-supported Ruthenium and Silver-ruthenium Catalysts During the Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide written by David Paul VanderWiel and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The apparent activation energy for methanation decreased from about 23 kcal/mol for Ru/SiO2 to about 18 kcal/mol for the Ag-Ru/SiO2 series. These results show good correlation with previous hydrogen microcalorimetry measurements on the same catalysts by our group. The mechanism of the synergistic effect of Ag on Ru is presented in terms of "portal site mediated adsorption", whereby hydrogen is supplied to the catalyst surface by rapid dissociative adsorption occurring at low coordination sites which are preferentially blocked by Ag in bimetallic systems.
Author : Robert William Fontaine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Kinetics of the Methanation of Carbon Monoxide Over Nickel Catalysts written by Robert William Fontaine and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book INFRARED STUDIES OF CARBON MONOXIDE HYDROGENATION OVER ALUMINA-SUPPORTED RUTHENIUM. written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Direct Observation of the Kinetically Relevant Site of CO Hydrogenation on Supported Ru Catalyst at 700 K by Time-Resolved FT-IR Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-resolved FT-IR spectra of carbon monoxide hydrogenation over alumina-supported ruthenium particles were recorded on themillisecond time scale at 700 K using pulsed release of CO and a continuous flow of H2/N2 (ratio 0.067 or 0.15, 1 atm total pressure). Adsorbed carbon monoxide was detected along with gas phase products methane (3016 and 1306 cm-1), water (1900 +- 1300 cm-1), and carbon dioxide (2348 cm-1). Aside from adsorbed CO, no other surface species were observed. The rate of formation of methane is 2.5 +- 0.4 s-1 and coincides with the rate of carbon dioxide growth (3.4 +- 0.6 s-1), thus indicating that CH4 and CO2 originate from a common intermediate. The broad band of adsorbed carbon monoxide has a maximum at 2010 cm-1 at early times (36 ms) that shifts gradually to 1960 cm-1 over a period of 3 s as a result of the decreasing surface concentration of CO. Kinetic analysis of the adsorbed carbon monoxide reveals that surface sites absorbing at the high frequency end of the infrared band are temporally linked to gas phase product growth. Specifically, a (linear) CO site at 2026 cm-1 decays with a rate constant of 2.9 +- 0.1 s-1, which coincides with the rise constant of CH4. This demonstrates that the linear CO site at 2026 cm-1 is the kinetically most relevant one for the rate-determining CO dissociation step under reaction conditions at 700 K.
Author : S. T. Hussain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (643 download)
Download or read book The Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation Over Ruthenium-silver Bimetallic Catalyst Supported on Alumina written by S. T. Hussain and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. Henrici-Olive
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642696627
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide written by G. Henrici-Olive and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the oil embargo, in the winter 1973174, parts of Western Europe present ed an almost war-like aspect on Saturdays and Sundays: no traffic on the high ways, no crowds at ski resorts and other weekend entertainment places, no gaso line at the pumps. Living and teaching then in that part of the world, and discussing the situa tion with our students, we came to the conclusion that it would be timely to col lect the fine chemistry already known at the time in the field of conversion of coal to gasoline and other chemicals, and by this way help to draw the attention to this important alternative to crude oil. The idea of this book was born. The energy shock of the early seventies has been healthy and of great conse quences in chemistry. Large amounts of research money have been put to work since, and our knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of coal-based chemistry has increased enormously. During several years it appeared inap propriate to write a monograph about a topic which was in the midst of such an impetuous development. Nevertheless, we collected, and critically selected, the upcoming work as it appeared in the literature, and also tried to provide some modest input ourselves. Now, ten years later, the situation seems to be settled to a certain degree.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Ellwood Whitmoyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)
Download or read book Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide Over Ruthenium-rhenium on Alumina Catalysts written by David Ellwood Whitmoyer and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 806 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David John Elliott
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Methanation of Carbon Monoxide Catalyzed by Ruthenium and Ruthenium Alloys Supported on Zeolites written by David John Elliott and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism and Kinetics of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over Supported Ruthenium Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed study of the kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, methanol, and acetaldehyde, over alumina- and silica-supported ruthenium catalysts has been carried out over a broad range of reaction conditions. Based on these results and information taken from the literature, mechanisms for the formation of normal paraffins, .cap alpha.-olefins, methanol, and acetaldehyde have been proposed. Rate data were obtained between 448 and 548K, 1 and 10 atm, and H2/CO ratios between 1 and 3, utilizing a micro flow reactor operated at very low conversions. In addition to the studies performed with H2/CO mixtures, a series of experiments were carried out utilizing D2/CO mixtures. These studies were used to help identify rate limited steps and steps that were at equilibrium. A complementary investigation, carried out by in situ infrared spectroscopy, was performed using a Fourier Transform spectrometer. The spectra obtained were used to identify the modes of CO adsorption, the CO coverage, and the relative reactivity of different forms of adsorbed CO. It was established that CO adsorbs on alumina-supported Ru in, at least, two forms: (i) Ru-CO and (ii) OC-Ru-CO. Only the first of these forms participates in CO hydrogenation. The coverage of this species is described by a simple Langmuir isotherm. A reaction mechanism is presented for interpreting the kinetics of hydrocarbon synthesis, the olefin to paraffin ratio for each product, and the probability of chain propagation. Rate expressions based on this mechanism are reasonably consistent with the experimental data. Acetaldehyde, obtained mainly over silica-supported Ru, appears to be formed by a mechanism related to that for hydroformulation of olefins. The effect of the dispersion of Ru/Al2O3 catalysts on their specific activity and selectivity was also investigated. The specific activity for all products decreased rapidly with increasing dispersions.
Author : Amthalal Manordas Patel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (996 download)
Download or read book Kinetic Study of Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide on Ruthenium Catalyst written by Amthalal Manordas Patel and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol on Oxide-supported Au Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C. H. Bartholomew
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118209737
Total Pages : 1224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes written by C. H. Bartholomew and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-30 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is central to the chemical industry, as it is directly or involved in the production of almost all useful chemical products. In this book the authors, present the definitive account of industrial catalytic processes. Throughout Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes the information is illustrated with many case studies and problems. This book is valuable to anyone wanting a clear account of industrial catalytic processes, but is particularly useful to industrial and academic chemists and engineers and graduate working on catalysis. This book also: Covers fundamentals of catalytic processes, including chemistry, catalyst preparation, properties and reaction engineering. Addresses heterogeneous catalytic processes employed by industry. Provides detailed data on existing catalysts and catalytic reactions, process design and chemical engineering. Covers catalysts used in fuel cells.
