The Influence of Dispersal on Zooplankton Community Structure and Species Co-occurrence Patterns

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Dispersal on Zooplankton Community Structure and Species Co-occurrence Patterns by : Katelyn Louise Turner

Download or read book The Influence of Dispersal on Zooplankton Community Structure and Species Co-occurrence Patterns written by Katelyn Louise Turner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of regional processes, such as dispersal, on ecological communities has been the focal point of considerable ecological research. Evidence has shown that dispersal can impact community composition through interactions with predation, the introduction of keystone species, and maintenance of species lost due to competitive exclusion. Ecological communities can be characterized by several metrics including species richness, diversity, evenness, abundance and species co-occurrence patterns. Negative species co-occurrence patterns have historically been attributed to competitive interactions between species causing pairs of species to never co-occur. However, little attention has been paid to the contribution of dispersal on species co-occurrence patterns. I have experimentally investigated the influence of dispersal on species co-occurrence patterns in addition to local species richness, total species abundance, evenness, and Simpson's diversity. Local species richness significantly increased with dispersal, with variation in total local richness being mainly attributed to differences in the rotifer community. Local diversity, total abundance, and evenness were not significantly influenced by changes in the level of dispersal. Species co-occurrence patterns were greatly affected by changes in dispersal, with negative species co-occurrence patterns peaking at intermediate levels of dispersal. The potential for dispersal to increase the number of rare species within a community suggested that the presence of rare species could be behind the changes in the co-occurrence patterns between dispersal treatments. The effect size of the co-occurrence tests increased with the removal of rare species in the intermediate dispersal treatment and decreased in the remaining dispersal treatments. Likely, through mass effects, the presence of rare species, and the establishment of keystone predators changes in the level of dispersal strongly influenced species co-occurrence patterns. I conclude that external processes, like dispersal, can influence species co-occurrence patterns and that caution should be taken when interpreting the mechanisms driving species co-occurrence patterns across landscapes.

Ecological and Evolutionary Effects of Dispersal on FreshwaterZooplankton

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109570984
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological and Evolutionary Effects of Dispersal on FreshwaterZooplankton by : Michael R. Allen

Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Effects of Dispersal on FreshwaterZooplankton written by Michael R. Allen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recent focus on contemporary evolution and the connections between communities has sought to more closely integrate ecology with evolutionary biology. Studies of coevolutionary dynamics, life history evolution, and rapid local adaptation demonstrate that ecological circumstances can dictate evolutionary trajectories. Thus, variation in species identity, trait distributions, and genetic composition may be maintained among ecologically divergent habitats. New theories and hypotheses (E.G., metacommunity theory and the Monopolization hypothesis) seek to understand better the processes occurring in spatially structured environments and how dispersal contributes to ecology and evolution at broader scales. As few empirical studies of these theories exist, this work seeks to further test these concepts. Spatial and temporal dispersal are the mechanisms connecting habitats to one another. Both processes allow organisms to leave suboptimal or unfavorable conditions, and enable colonization and invasion, species range expansion, and gene flow among populations. Freshwater zooplankton typically develop resting stages as part of their life that allow organisms to disperse both temporally and spatially. Additionally, because many species are cyclically parthenogenetic, they make excellent model organisms to study in a controlled environment. Here, I use freshwater zooplankton communities to examine the mechanisms and consequences of dispersal and to test these nascent theories on the influence of spatial structure in natural systems. In Chapter one, I use field experiments and mathematical models to determine the movement vectors and range of adult zooplankton dispersal over land. Chapter two uses statistical models with field and mesocosm experiments to examine prolonged dormancy in "Daphnia pulex." I show that variation in dormant egg hatching is substantial among populations in nature and can be attributed to genetic differences among the populations. Chapters three and four explore the consequences of dispersal at multiple levels of biological diversity. Chapter three looks at population level consequences of dispersal over evolutionary time on current patterns of population genetic differentiation. I test two alternative hypotheses addressing why nearby populations of "Daphnia" exhibit high population genetic differentiation. Finally, chapter four is a case study of how dispersal has influenced patterns of variation at the community, trait and genetic levels of biodiversity in a lake metacommunity. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest llc. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.].

Zooplankton Community Analysis

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461299861
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Zooplankton Community Analysis by : W.M. Jr. Lewis

Download or read book Zooplankton Community Analysis written by W.M. Jr. Lewis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the premise that the study of ecological communities should be a composite analysis of system properties (community structure, community energetics) and population properties (life history patterns, adaptive strategies) backed by a thorough understanding of the physical chemical environment. Too frequently community ecology takes a much narrower focus. This may partly be the result of perceived antagonisms between schools of thought in ecology. Despite their rather separate origins, the multiple theoretical and methodological tools that now exist must be applied synthetically to real communities if the progress of the past two decades is to continue into the next two. This book has a case history format, which increases the opportunity for detailed analysis, although I have attempted to maintain the general per spective of a community ecologist and to draw extensively from the literature whenever it seems profitable to do so. The case history data are for Lake Lanao, a large tropical lake. The main zooplankton data base used in the analysis is entirely original and unpublished, although the detailed support ing data on the physical-chemical environment and the phytoplankton com munity have been presented in numerous journal articles and are thus abstracted or used selectively to meet the needs of zooplankton community analysis.

Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity by : Mark Vellend

Download or read book Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity written by Mark Vellend and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dispersal-diversity Relationships and Ecosystem Functioning in Pond Metacommunities

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Dispersal-diversity Relationships and Ecosystem Functioning in Pond Metacommunities by : Jennifer Gail Howeth

Download or read book Dispersal-diversity Relationships and Ecosystem Functioning in Pond Metacommunities written by Jennifer Gail Howeth and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insights gained from metapopulation and metacommunity biology indicate that the connectivity of subpopulations and communities by species dispersal can profoundly impact population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem attributes. Recent advancements in metacommunity theory further suggest that the rate of species dispersal among local communities can be important in altering local and regional species richness and ecosystem functioning. The role of species dispersal rates relative to patch-type heterogeneity and associated intrinsic community structuring mechanisms (competition, predation) in affecting diversity of multi-trophic communities, however, remains unknown. Here, I address the relative influence of regional and local processes in altering species richness and ecosystem functioning at multiple spatial scales in freshwater pond metacommunities. In a series of experiments, I employed pond mesocosm metacommunities to manipulate planktonic species dispersal rates and the incidence of top predators which differed in prey selectivity. The consequences of dispersal and predation to zooplankton species richness, trophic structure, ecosystem stability, and prey traits were evaluated. Generally, my findings support predictions from metacommunity models, and demonstrate that dispersal strongly affects community and ecosystem-level properties. In accord with dispersal-diversity theory, dispersal rate affected species richness and ecosystem stability at multiple spatial scales. The presence, but not the rate, of dispersal had strong effects on the partitioning of biomass amongst producers, grazers, and top predators. The relative influence of predation on local and metacommunity structure varied across experiments and largely depended upon predator identity and the degree of feeding specialization. The research presented herein is some of the first work to evaluate how species dispersal rates can affect dispersal-diversity relationships, diversity-stability relationships, trophic structure, and the distribution of prey traits in metacommunities. In addition to advancing ecological theory, the results have important implications for conservation as fragmented landscapes become increasingly prevalent, and local and regional biotas modified. Ultimately, it proves critical to identify drivers of local and regional species richness in order to maintain biotic integrity at the global scale.

Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs

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Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039435493
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs by : Marina Manca

Download or read book Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs written by Marina Manca and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zooplankton are of key importance in the structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. They contribute to a large part of the functional and structural biodiversity of predator and prey plankton communities. Promptly responding to long-term and seasonal changes in the physical and chemical environment, they are sensitive indicators of patterns and mechanisms of impact drivers, both natural and human induced. In this volume, we aim to present evidence for both long-term and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure and dynamics, investigating different approaches from population dynamics to advanced molecular techniques and reconstructing past communities from subfossil remains in lake sediments.

Windows of Opportunity

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (815 download)

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Book Synopsis Windows of Opportunity by : Celia Claire Symons

Download or read book Windows of Opportunity written by Celia Claire Symons and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical and empirical work has shown that community diversity and composition can be influenced by both local conditions and dispersal from a regional species pool. This may be especially true shortly after environmental disturbances, because perturbations can provide spatial or temporal niche opportunities for dispersers to establish. Theory predicts that after environmental disturbances tolerant functionally-redundant dispersing species can establish in disturbed communities, maintaining local community diversity and ecosystem function; however, this model relies on the successful establishment of dispersers (i.e., the community must be invasible). Invasibility is expected to decline as time-since-disturbance increases because the local community can use freed resources and increases in abundance. Although studies have acknowledged that timing may influence invasibility, very few studies have focused on how dispersal timing influences the role of dispersal in community response to disturbance. My thesis was conducted to test the role of crustacean zooplankton dispersal timing in the establishment success, and subsequent influence on diversity and ecosystem function of dispersers. To assess this, a field mesocosm study was completed in Churchill, Canada to test the effects of disturbance (nutrients and salinity) and immigration timing (from 51 regional ponds/pools) on invasibility, local community structure and ecosystem functioning (i.e., chl-a). Results show that invasibility was initially high following disturbance, but decreased with time- since-disturbance as the resident community exerted priority effects over dispersers. As a result community diversity was most influenced by immigration when dispersers were added shortly after disturbance. Many coarse measures of diversity were resistant to disturbance, but community composition and the relative abundance of functional groups shifted, and likely influence ecosystem function (i.e., chl-a). When dispersers were added to disturbed communities ecosystem function was recovered to undisturbed levels. Overall, my results suggest that dispersal timing can influence the role of dispersal in communities and the ability of species to capitalize on windows of invasion opportunity will influence their ability to establish in favorable local patches.

Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128014334
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics by :

Download or read book Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theme of this volume is to discuss Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Updates and informs the reader on the latest research findings Written by leading experts in the field Highlights areas for future investigation

THE EFFECTS OF ZOOPLANKTON DISPERSAL ON COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY OF TEMPORARY PONDS.

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis THE EFFECTS OF ZOOPLANKTON DISPERSAL ON COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY OF TEMPORARY PONDS. by : Lauren C McCarthy

Download or read book THE EFFECTS OF ZOOPLANKTON DISPERSAL ON COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY OF TEMPORARY PONDS. written by Lauren C McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dispersal of individuals among habitat patches is thought to have an important effect on ecological communities as it can influence both population dynamics and community assembly. Though much work on dispersal has been completed, zooplankton offer an interesting opportunity to study dispersal. They can disperse not only among ponds, but they can also disperse within and among ponds through time as their eggs can remain dormant for long periods until environmental conditions initiate their hatching. The dissertation has focused on the role of temporal and spatial dispersal on the assembly of zooplankton communities, an assessment of whether predators weaken the effect of early dispersing zooplankton species on late dispersing zooplankton species through differences in zooplankton hatching phenology, and the effects of environment and space on temporary pond zooplankton communities in the Croatan National Forest, NC. Differences in spatial and temporal dispersal had a weak effect on the number of zooplankton species present. Nonetheless, both spatial and temporal dispersal strongly affected the total abundance and species composition of zooplankton present, but their effects were interdependent. When predation and the effects of zooplankton hatching phenology were considered predators and one zooplankton species that arrived early slowed the growth of the later arriving zooplankton species. Algal resources were not affected by predators, but were affected by the order of arrival of the different zooplankton species. Lastly, the role of environment and space on zooplankton temporary pond communities showed that spatial and environmental factors explained similar amounts of the variation in zooplankton composition in the Croatan National Forest, with environmental factors explaining more of the variation in the spring and summer than in the fall and winter. Together these results indicate that zooplankton composition in pond communities can be affected by interactions between spatial and temporal dispersal, the presence of predators and differences in hatching phenology, as well as by environmental factors such as temperature and spatial factors such as pond size and pond density. Thus, highlighting the importance of dispersal but also its interaction with other abiotic and biotic factors to form zooplankton communities.

The Role of Dispersal During the Recovery of Acid-damaged Zooplankton Communities

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (775 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Dispersal During the Recovery of Acid-damaged Zooplankton Communities by : Derek Kenneth Gray

Download or read book The Role of Dispersal During the Recovery of Acid-damaged Zooplankton Communities written by Derek Kenneth Gray and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecologists studying acid-damaged zooplankton communities have often documented a time lag in recovery following pH increases. While previous work has provided a solid understanding of the local factors that may delay recovery (e.g. competition), less is known about the role of dispersal. The work in this thesis was conducted to test the hypothesis that dispersal limitation contributes to delays in the recovery of acid-damaged zooplankton communities. To assess the role of dispersal during recovery I pursued three objectives: 1) To measure dispersal in the field and determine the relative importance of various dispersal vectors for contributing acid-sensitive colonists to lakes; 2) to determine if spatial structure in recovering zooplankton communities exists across the landscape independent of environmental gradients; and 3) to determine if an interaction between dispersal and local environmental variables could influence recovery. Data collected for Objective 1 demonstrated that overland dispersal rates for acid-sensitive species in Killarney Park were relatively low, but some species were found emerging from the diapausing egg bank or dispersing through streams to recovering lakes. Spatial modeling and variation partitioning analyses for Objective 2 revealed spatial patterns indicative of dispersal limitation in recovering Killarney Park zooplankton communities. Enclosure experiments conducted for Objective 3 suggested that the colonization of the acid-sensitive copepod Epischura lacustris may be influenced by an interaction between dispersal levels and pH, such that higher dispersal levels may be required for establishment in lakes that are early in the process of pH recovery. Enclosure experiments also indicated that community resistance and low dispersal levels might hinder the reestablishment of the acid-sensitive copepod Skistodiaptomus oregonensis. Taken together, my results strongly suggest that dispersal limitation could contribute to delays in zooplankton community recovery. The recovery of acid-sensitive copepod species may be particularly difficult, as their reestablishment in recovering lakes appears to be influenced by Allee effects, community resistance, and an interaction between pH and dispersal levels. While dispersal rates could be artificially increased by human intervention, this would carry the risk of introducing invasive species. As a result, patience and continued monitoring of recovering lakes may be the best management approaches at this time.

The Biology and Ecology of Tintinnid Ciliates

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118358120
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biology and Ecology of Tintinnid Ciliates by : John R. Dolan

Download or read book The Biology and Ecology of Tintinnid Ciliates written by John R. Dolan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planktonic protists both produce and consume most of the primary production in the world ocean. They not only play key roles in the oceans but also represent an astounding amount of diversity: ecological morphological and genetic. However, for most taxa their ecology, morphology, phylogeny and biogeography are either poorly known or appear to be largely unrelated to one another; this hinders our understanding of their biology as well as interpretation of emerging genetic data. Tintinnid ciliates represent a singular exception. Compared to nearly all other groups of planktonic protists, there is a very substantial and relatively detailed literature (both modern and historical) on tintinnids. This volume synthesizes knowledge concerning a wide variety of topics ranging from anatomy and systematics, physiology, behavior, ecology (including ecological roles, predators, parasites, biogeography, and cysts) to fossil history. It will appeal to an audience ranging from advanced undergraduates to researchers in the fields of Oceanography, Marine Biology and Microbial Ecology.

Detecting and Understanding Land Use Effects on Zooplankton Communities at Multiple Scales

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Detecting and Understanding Land Use Effects on Zooplankton Communities at Multiple Scales by : Jeffrey M. Schell

Download or read book Detecting and Understanding Land Use Effects on Zooplankton Communities at Multiple Scales written by Jeffrey M. Schell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biogeography of Microscopic Organisms

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139496581
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Biogeography of Microscopic Organisms by : Diego Fontaneto

Download or read book Biogeography of Microscopic Organisms written by Diego Fontaneto and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-19 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together the viewpoints of leading experts in taxonomy, ecology and biogeography of different taxa, this book synthesises discussion surrounding the so-called 'everything is everywhere' hypothesis. It addresses the processes that generate spatial patterns of diversity and biogeography in organisms that can potentially be cosmopolitan. The contributors discuss questions such as: are microorganisms (e.g. prokaryotes, protists, algae, yeast and microscopic fungi, plants and animals) really cosmopolitan in their distribution? What are the biological properties that allow such potential distribution? Are there processes that would limit their distribution? Are microorganisms intrinsically different from macroscopic ones? What can microorganisms tell us about the generalities of biogeography? Can they be used for experimental biogeography? Written for graduate students and academic researchers, the book promotes a more complete understanding of the spatial patterns and the general processes in biogeography.

The Independent and Interactive Roles of Spatial Variation and Dispersal on Zooplankton Metacommunity Structure

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Independent and Interactive Roles of Spatial Variation and Dispersal on Zooplankton Metacommunity Structure by : Joseph Clifton Bieberich

Download or read book The Independent and Interactive Roles of Spatial Variation and Dispersal on Zooplankton Metacommunity Structure written by Joseph Clifton Bieberich and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, there has been a growing desire among natural resource mangers to maintain and promote biodiversity in the built environment. Though some management practices are implemented extensively in developed landscapes, their ecological implications are not currently known. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of both dispersal and spatial variation in habitat conditions on biodiversity in urban zooplankton metacommunities. A five-week mesocosm experiment was performed in which human management and elevated zooplankton dispersal rates were manipulated in a series of four-pond metacommunities. Results indicate that dispersal had a significant negative effect on species turnover between communities but did not significantly affect local richness. It was also demonstrated that dispersal and the interaction of the dispersal and management treatments could significantly affect zooplankton density. These results highlight the importance of understanding the complex effects of dispersal and human management regimes on maintaining biodiversity in urban environments.

The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521282222
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton by : C. S. Reynolds

Download or read book The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton written by C. S. Reynolds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984-02-02 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This describes the lifestyles of planktons and their adaptation for living independently of solid surfaces.

Community Ecology

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199228973
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Community Ecology by : Herman A. Verhoef

Download or read book Community Ecology written by Herman A. Verhoef and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community ecology is the study of the interactions between populations of co-existing species. Co-edited by two prominent community ecologists and featuring contributions from top researchers in the field, this book provides a survey of the state-of-the-art in both the theory and applications of the discipline. It pays special attention to topology, dynamics, and the importance of spatial and temporal scale while also looking at applications to emerging problems in human-dominated ecosystems (including the restoration and reconstruction of viable communities). Community Ecology: Processes, Models, and Applications adopts a mainly theoretical approach and focuses on the use of network-based theory, which remains little explored in standard community ecology textbooks. The book includes discussion of the effects of biotic invasions on natural communities; the linking of ecological network structure to empirically measured community properties and dynamics; the effects of evolution on community patterns and processes; and the integration of fundamental interactions into ecological networks. A final chapter indicates future research directions for the discipline.

Zooplankton Community Analysis

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783540904342
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Zooplankton Community Analysis by : William M. Lewis

Download or read book Zooplankton Community Analysis written by William M. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: