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Author : Bálint Horváth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Taxation on Bank Leverage and Asset Risk written by Bálint Horváth and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ruud A. de Mooij
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475577702
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Taxation, Bank Leverage, and Financial Crises written by Ruud A. de Mooij and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That most corporate tax systems favor debt over equity finance is now widely recognized as, potentially, amplifying risks to financial stability. This paper makes a first attempt to explore, empirically, the link between this tax bias and the probability of financial crisis. It finds that greater tax bias is associated with significantly higher aggregate bank leverage, and that this in turn is associated with a significantly greater chance of crisis. The implication is that tax bias makes crises much more likely, and, conversely, that the welfare gains from policies to alleviate it can be substantial—far greater than previous studies, which have ignored financial stability considerations, suggest.
Author : Mr.Michael Keen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1463937091
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (639 download)
Download or read book Debt, Taxes, and Banks written by Mr.Michael Keen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the impact of the asymmetric tax treatment of debt and equity on the capital structures of financial institutions is critical to shaping and assessing responses to the problem of excessive leverage that underlay the 2009 financial crisis - but there is no empirical evidence to draw on. Guided by a simple model of banks? financing decisions in the presence of both regulatory constraints and tax asymmetries, this paper explores the impact of corporate tax bias on bank leverage, the use of hybrid instruments and regulatory capital ratios for a panel of over 14,000 commercial banks in 82 countries over nine years. On average, the sensitivity of banks? debt choices proves very similar to that of non-financial firms, consistent with rough offsetting of two opposing effects suggested by the theory. As the model predicts, somewhat counter-intuitively, the impact of tax on hybrids is generally weak or insignificant. Responsiveness to taxation varies significantly across banks, however: those holding smaller equity buffers, and larger banks, are noticeably less sensitive to tax.
Author : Bálint L. Horváth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Interaction of Bank Regulation and Taxation written by Bálint L. Horváth and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tax benefit of interest deductibility encourages debt financing, but regulatory and market constraints create dependency between bank leverage and asset risk. Using a large international sample of banks in this paper I find that banks located in high-tax countries have higher leverage and lower average asset risk-weights. This trade-off is stronger when regulation is more stringent or when capital constraints are tighter. Non-financial firms' leverage and asset risk are positively related to tax rates, as further evidence of the regulatory induced adjustment of portfolio risk. While the estimated overall effect of taxation on bank risk is modest, it induces significant portfolio reallocation toward less lending. These results suggest that any elimination of the tax bias towards debt may not bring the expected benefits for bank stability.
Author : Ms.Grace Weishi Gu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 147554068X
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Taxation and Leverage in International Banking written by Ms.Grace Weishi Gu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores how corporate taxes affect the financial structure of multinational banks. Guided by a simple theory of optimal capital structure it tests (i) whether corporate taxes induce subsidiary banks to raise their debt-asset ratio in light of the traditional debt bias; and (ii) whether international corporate tax differentials vis-a-vis foreign subsidiary banks affect the intra-bank capital structure through international debt shifting. Using a novel subsidiary-level dataset for 558 commercial bank subsidiaries of the 86 largest multinational banks in the world, we find that taxes matter significantly, through both the traditional debt bias channel and the international debt shifting that is due to the international tax differentials. The latter channel is more robust and tends to be quantitatively more important. Our results imply that taxation causes significant international debt spillovers through multinational banks, which has potentially important implications for tax policy.
Author : Mr. Luc Laeven
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451910568
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Capital Structure and International Debt Shifting written by Mr. Luc Laeven and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-02-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a model of a multinational firm''s optimal debt policy that incorporates international taxation factors. The model yields the prediction that a multinational firm''s indebtedness in a country depends on a weighted average of national tax rates and differences between national and foreign tax rates. These differences matter because multinationals have an incentive to shift debt to high-tax countries. The predictions of the model are tested using a novel firm-level dataset for European multinationals and their subsidiaries, combined with newly collected data on the international tax treatment of dividend and interest streams. Our empirical results show that corporate debt policy indeed not only reflects domestic corporate tax rates but also differences in international tax systems. These findings contribute to our understanding of how corporate debt policy is set in an international context.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498345204
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Tax Policy, Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risks to macroeconomic stability posed by excessive private leverage are significantly amplified by tax distortions. ‘Debt bias’ (tax provisions favoring finance by debt rather than equity) has increased leverage in both the household and corporate sectors, and is now widely recognized as a significant macroeconomic concern. This paper presents new evidence of the extent of debt bias, including estimates for banks and non-bank financial institutions both before and after the global financial crisis. It presents policy options to alleviate debt bias, and assesses their effectiveness. The paper finds that thin capitalization rules restricting interest deductibility have only partially been able to address debt bias, but that an allowance for corporate equity has generally proved effective. The paper concludes that debt bias should feature prominently in countries’ tax reform plans in the coming years.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789279434419
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (344 download)
Download or read book Debt Bias in Corporate Taxation and the Costs of Banking Crises in the EU written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study points to a relation between corporate taxation, bank leverage and costs of financial crises. The authors first estimate the effect of corporate taxation on bank leverage with a series of panel regressions, building on the methodology of Keen and Mooij, but focusing on a sample of 3,000 EU banks using data spanning the period 2001-2011. In a second step, they measure the potential reduction in public finance costs in financial crises that would result from reducing banks' incentives for debt financing compared to equity financing, using an actual bank balance-sheet-based model of costs of systemic crisis (SYMBOL-model) for six EU member states. Finally, they show under which conditions the results hold when varying the sensitivity of leverage to corporate income tax, when asset portfolio risk is adjusted together with bank leverage, and when allowing for increased asset portfolio risk.
Author : Sven Langedijk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789279434426
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (344 download)
Download or read book Debt Bias in Corporate Taxation and the Costs of Banking Crises in the EU written by Sven Langedijk and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Serena Fatica
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789279934032
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Banks, Debt and Risk written by Serena Fatica and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using bank balance sheet data, we find evidence that leverage and asset risk of European multinational banks in the crisis and post-crisis period is affected by corporate taxes in their host country as well as by the tax rates in all the jurisdictions where the banking group operates. Then, we evaluate the effects that establishing tax neutrality between debt and equity finance has on systemic risk. We show that the degree of coordination in implementing the hypothetical tax reform matters. In particular, a coordinated elimination of the tax advantage of debt would significantly reduce systemic losses in the event of a severe banking crisis. By contrast, uncoordinated tax reforms are not equally beneficial. This is because national tax policies generate spillovers through cross-border bank activities and tax-driven strategic allocation of debt and asset risk across group affiliates
Author : Michael Kogler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)
Download or read book Profit Taxation and Bank Risk Taking written by Michael Kogler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498335926
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Debt Bias and Other Distortions written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-12-06 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax distortions are likely to have encouraged excessive leveraging and other financial market problems evident in the crisis. These effects have been little explored, but are potentially macro-relevant. Taxation can result, for example, in a net subsidy to borrowing of hundreds of basis points, raising debt-equity ratios and vulnerabilities from capital inflows. This paper reviews key channels by which tax distortions can significantly affect financial markets, drawing implications for tax design once the crisis has passed.
Author : [Anonymus AC08741538]
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789279187353
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Financial sector taxation written by [Anonymus AC08741538] and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The global economic and financial crisis has created important needs for fiscal consolidation. This document analyses potential instruments to raise additional tax revenues from the financial sector. The first section reviews the current policy objectives related to the taxation of the financial sector. The second section sheds some light on the current tax treatment of the financial sector. The third section discusses potential tax instruments to reach the goals. The fourth and fifth section respectively assess the advantages and drawbacks of a Financial Transaction Tax and a Financial Activities Tax."--Editor.
Author : Benjamin H. Cohen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789291311446
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Banks and Capital Requirements written by Benjamin H. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ms.Oana Luca
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475552807
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Financial Sector Debt Bias written by Ms.Oana Luca and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most tax systems create a tax bias toward debt finance. Such debt bias increases leverage and may negatively affect financial stability. This paper models and estimates debt bias in the financial sector, and present novel estimates for investment banks and non-bank financial intermediaries such as finance and insurance companies. We find debt bias to be pervasive, explaining as much as 10 percent of total leverage for regular banks and 20 percent for investment banks, with the effects most pronounced before the global financial crisis. Going forward, debt bias is likely to once again gain prominence as a key driver of leverage decisions, underscoring the importance of policy reform at this juncture.
Author : Sajid M. Chaudhry
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1785360272
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (853 download)
Download or read book Balancing the Regulation and Taxation of Banking written by Sajid M. Chaudhry and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise book gives a unique overview of bank taxation as an alternative or a compliment to prudential regulation or non-revenue taxation. Existing bank taxation is reviewed with a view to eliminating distortions in the tax system, which have incen
Author : Sharjil M. Haque
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1589064127
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)
Download or read book The COVID-19 Impact on Corporate Leverage and Financial Fragility written by Sharjil M. Haque and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-05 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the impact of the COVID-19 recession on capital structure of publicly listed U.S. firms. Our estimates suggest leverage (Net Debt/Asset) decreased by 5.3 percentage points from the pre-shock mean of 19.6 percent, while debt maturity increased moderately. This de-leveraging effect is stronger for firms exposed to significant rollover risk, while firms whose businesses were most vulnerable to social distancing did not reduce leverage. We rationalize our evidence through a structural model of firm value that shows lower expected growth rate and higher volatility of cash flows following COVID-19 reduced optimal levels of corporate leverage. Model-implied optimal leverage indicates firms which did not de-lever became over-leveraged. We find default probability deteriorates most in large, over-leveraged firms and those that were stressed pre-COVID. Additional stress tests predict value of these firms will be less than one standard deviation away from default if cash flows decline by 20 percent.
