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The Impact Of Presumed Consent Legislation On Cadaveric Organ Donation
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Book Synopsis The Impact of Presumed Consent Legislation on Cadaveric Organ Donation by : Alberto Abadie
Download or read book The Impact of Presumed Consent Legislation on Cadaveric Organ Donation written by Alberto Abadie and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the U.S., Great Britain, and in many other countries, the gap between the demand and the supply of human organs for transplantation is on the rise, despite the efforts of governments and health agencies to promote donor registration. In some countries of continental Europe, however, cadaveric organ procurement is based on the principle of presumed consent. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classified as a potential donor in absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. This article analyzes the impact of presumed consent laws on donation rates. For this purpose, we construct a dataset on organ donation rates and potential factors affecting organ donation for 22 countries over a 10-year period. We find that while differences in other determinants of organ donation explain much of the variation in donation rates, after controlling for those determinants presumed consent legislation has a positive and sizeable effect on organ donation rates.
Book Synopsis Organ Donation by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Organ Donation written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rates of organ donation lag far behind the increasing need. At the start of 2006, more than 90,000 people were waiting to receive a solid organ (kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, heart, or intestine). Organ Donation examines a wide range of proposals to increase organ donation, including policies that presume consent for donation as well as the use of financial incentives such as direct payments, coverage of funeral expenses, and charitable contributions. This book urges federal agencies, nonprofit groups, and others to boost opportunities for people to record their decisions to donate, strengthen efforts to educate the public about the benefits of organ donation, and continue to improve donation systems. Organ Donation also supports initiatives to increase donations from people whose deaths are the result of irreversible cardiac failure. This book emphasizes that all members of society have a stake in an adequate supply of organs for patients in need, because each individual is a potential recipient as well as a potential donor.
Book Synopsis Using the Bodies of the Dead by : Nora Machado
Download or read book Using the Bodies of the Dead written by Nora Machado and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998, this unique, timely book applies sociological concepts and analysis to the study of organ transplantation and related medical phenomena. It provides comparisons between differing transplantation systems and examines the ethical issues of organ transplantation, organ donation and recipient selection. The author presents rich empirical materials and fertile theory with which to better understand a number of the current problems and developments related to organ transplantation and other high-tech medical developments. It also addresses important ethical issues. Dr. Nora Machado develops and applies an impressive range of new concepts and models in analyzing organ transplantation systems: the dissonance that appears to be endemic to these systems; the particular functions of a number of hospital roles, rituals, and discourses tin dealing with such dissonance and related conflict; the legal and normative regulation of body part extraction and allocation in large-scale systems; the cognitive and moral dilemmas which physicians, nurses and next-of-kin face in the use of the bodies of the dead. Much of Dr. Machado’s theoretical work is of a highly general value and should be of considerable interest even to those not engaged in issues of organ transplantation or bio-medical developments.
Book Synopsis Living Donor Organ Transplantation by : Austen Garwood-Gowers
Download or read book Living Donor Organ Transplantation written by Austen Garwood-Gowers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was originally published in 1999. When one or more essential organs failed, the consequence used to be death. However, conventional medicine has developed artificial means of extending life, the most successful of which is transplantation. The most common form of organ to be transplanted is a kidney which will, on average, function for about a decade in its recipient. Organ transplantation as a whole is widely practiced in most countries. However, few can procure enough organs to meet demand. Many people who are suitable for a transplant die without getting one. Many kidney patients can access and stay alive on dialysis until a suitable organ becomes available. However, even here, sufficiency of organs would be beneficial because lesser reliance on dialysis would reduce healthcare costs and be better for patient quality of life. This invaluable book shows that in the light of current practice and attitudes, increasing living donor transplantation (LDT) levels is feasible. It is one of the few works to systematically analyse the ethical and legal issues involved in LDT use in the light of empirical evidence, including new data derived from a unique programme of interviews and questionnaires with transplant professionals, living donors and recipients. Readers are led to an understanding of when LDT is ethically and legally acceptable and to the strong case for using it much more extensively.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :96 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Assessing initiatives to increase organ donations by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
Download or read book Assessing initiatives to increase organ donations written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Generosity of the Dead by : Graciela Nowenstein
Download or read book The Generosity of the Dead written by Graciela Nowenstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a general assumption in the international debate surrounding organ procurement that Presumed Consent (opting-out) systems produce better results than Express Consent (opting-in) systems. This study uses the French case to challenge this widely held assumption and argues that the French presumed consent systems coexist with patterns of behaviour that in practice do not mobilize the law. It explores four key areas to current research in socio-legal studies focussing on the state and nature of social solidarity, social engineering and the changing nature of the citizen-state relations, state intervention in the event of death and discretion in use of corpses and recent modifications of the status of medical professionals as figures of authority and agents of state policy. Using material based on interviews with medical professionals, this title will be a valuable resource for researchers, academics, policy-makers and practitioners with an interest in this complex and topical subject.
Book Synopsis The U.S. Organ Procurement System by : David L. Kaserman
Download or read book The U.S. Organ Procurement System written by David L. Kaserman and published by American Enterprise Institute. This book was released on 2002 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed system would also save thousands of lives at relatively low costs to both the transplant recipients and insurance companies."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Legislative Responses to Organ Transplantation by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Legislative Responses to Organ Transplantation written by World Health Organization and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organ transplantation has, over a period of a few decades, evolved from a daring experimental medical procedure to a widely used health technology. Many lives have been saved, and the quality of life of many other persons has been immeasurably improved. There is now an abundant literature on the medical aspects of transplantation, and an increasing number of books on the legal and ethical aspects -- aspects with which WHO has been concerned since the World Health Assembly first took up the matter in 1986. This book is the first global collection of laws and regulations dealing with organ transplantation. Also included are the texts of some of the key international and European declarations and statements on the subject. Most of the materials that appear in the book were originally published in the WHO's International Digest of Health Legislation, but have never been collected in one volume before. This book will be useful to parliamentarians, health policy makers, surgeons and other health professionals involved in transplantation, transplant coordinators, ethicists, and others interested in in-depth information on how different governments and institutions have responded to the considerable ethical, legal and policy challenges posed by this important branch of curative medicine.
Book Synopsis Opting in to an Opt-out System by : Jennifer Dolling
Download or read book Opting in to an Opt-out System written by Jennifer Dolling and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Legal and Ethical Aspects of Organ Transplantation by : David Price
Download or read book Legal and Ethical Aspects of Organ Transplantation written by David Price and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-30 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive analysis of existing laws and policies governing organ transplantation practices around the world.
Book Synopsis Opting in to an Opt-out System by : Jennifer Dolling
Download or read book Opting in to an Opt-out System written by Jennifer Dolling and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Organ Transplantation Policy by : James F. Blumstein
Download or read book Organ Transplantation Policy written by James F. Blumstein and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organ transplantation as a high-cost surgical and medical procedure poses an extraordinarily rich and complex set of social, ethical, and policy issues. A June 1988 symposium at Vanderbilt University gathered leaders in a wide variety of fields to synthesize the current state of knowledge concerning organ transplantation policy and to access policy options. Collected here are the revised papers presented at that symposium; also included is one influential earlier paper on the same topic. Together, they constitute a major contribution to the debate on organ transplantation policy and its moral, legal, financial, and political implications.
Book Synopsis Organ Replacement Therapy: Ethics, Justice Commerce by : Walter Land
Download or read book Organ Replacement Therapy: Ethics, Justice Commerce written by Walter Land and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading medical ethicists, theologists, lawyers, transplant surgeons and physicians discuss 5 major ethical topics concerning the transplantation of human organs.
Book Synopsis Procurement and Transfer of Human Tissues and Organs by : Law Reform Commission of Canada
Download or read book Procurement and Transfer of Human Tissues and Organs written by Law Reform Commission of Canada and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the legal and medical aspects of procuring and transferring natural human tissues and bodily substances relative to emerging tissue replacement technologies. It discusses the medical need for and the supply of human tissue and bodily substances and the emerging legal and ethical dilemmas provoked by demand and supply disequilibria; analyses the underlying ethical considerations of tissue procurement; examines existing law on the human body through the common, civil, and criminal law; examines the leading legal approaches to tissue transfer issues in foreign jurisdictions as well as legal issues presented by the international transfer of human therapeutic tissue and tissue replacement technology; and outlines arguments for and against major law reform options, proposing general principles and summarizing the recommendations.
Book Synopsis Presumed Consent to Organ Donation by : David Orentlicher
Download or read book Presumed Consent to Organ Donation written by David Orentlicher and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the gap between the need for organ transplants and the supply of organs has increasingly widened, many scholars have urged the adoption of presumed consent to organ donation. Under a presumed consent regime, the state would assume that a person agreed to organ donation after death unless the person (or a family member) had lodged an objection to posthumous organ donation. Such an assumption would reverse existing law - currently, it is generally the case that organ donation requires actual consent from the donor or a family member of the donor.For some forty years in a little-known experiment, the United States tried presumed consent on a limited basis. In many states, when dead persons came under the custody of coroners or medical examiners, those officials could authorize cornea donation - or even organ donation - in the absence of a known objection to the donation by the decedent or a family member. However, in 2006, the Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act recommended against presumed consent, and most states have followed the lead of the Revised Act.This article reviews the history of presumed consent in the United States and concludes that presumed consent failed because it could not overcome the major reason why people do not become organ donors after death - the refusal of family members to give consent to donation. To the extent that presumed consent allowed family members to overcome the presumption and withhold consent, it did not address the reasons why family members say no. To the extent that professionals tried to preserve the presumption by bypassing families, they validated fears that doctors will be too quick to take organs from dead persons who would not have wanted their organs removed. The United States' history with presumed consent indicates that other proposed reforms will be needed to address the shortage of organs for transplantation.
Book Synopsis Organ Shortage by : Anne-Maree Farrell
Download or read book Organ Shortage written by Anne-Maree Farrell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organ shortage is an ongoing problem in many countries. The needless death and suffering which have resulted necessitate an investigation into potential solutions. This examination of contemporary ethical means, both practical and policy-oriented, of reducing the shortfall in organs draws on the experiences of a range of countries. The authors focus on the resolution and negotiation of ethical conflict, examine systems approaches such as the 'Spanish model' and the US Breakthrough Collaboratives, evaluate policy proposals relating to incentives, presumed consent, and modifications regarding end-of-life care, and evaluate the greatly increased use of (non-heart-beating) donors suffering circulatory death, as well as living donors. The proposed strategies and solutions are not only capable of resolving the UK's own organ-shortage crisis, but also of being implemented in other countries grappling with how to address the growing gap between supply and demand for organs.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of the Doctrine of Presumed Consent and the Principles of Required Response and Required Request in Organ Procurement by : Etienne Jean Fourie
Download or read book An Analysis of the Doctrine of Presumed Consent and the Principles of Required Response and Required Request in Organ Procurement written by Etienne Jean Fourie and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transplantation process establishes a three-phase structure namely, procurement, preservation and allocation of human organs and tissue. These three phases are co-dependent upon the successful completion of each individual phase within that structure. This dissertation focus specifically on the first phase of the transplantation process and endeavours to analyse the doctrine of presumed consent as applied in the procurement of human organs and tissue. Thereafter, the focus point is directed upon organ procurement incentives such as the principle of required response and required request that ensure the effective application of these systems should be interconnected with organ procurement systems. Finally, a capita selecta of issues pertaining to the final two stages of the transplantation process are investigated and proposed problem areas are reflected upon. The doctrine of presumed consent as an organ procurement system proposes that individuals who fail to raise an objection in respect of organ donation during their lifetime, will upon death be presumed that they provided consent to the removal of their organs. This system operates in absolute contrast to the doctrine of informed consent as applied in South African law, establishes that an ommissio to act would constitute an implicit statement of informed consent. The application of the doctrine of presumed consent can be classified as either a hard application or a soft application. A strong application declares that upon death a who failed to raise an objection to organ donation will be considered to given consent to organ procurement and any interference by the next-of-kin are disregarded. The weak application functions in a similar way than the hard application, with the exception that the next-of-kin has the right to override the decision. This dissertation analyses whether the element of consent in the doctrine of presumed consent can be classified as a justification ground as the doctrine of informed consent of whether it infringes upon section 12(2)(b) of the South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). To establish the true nature of the doctrine of consent, specific reference is made the duty of disclosure that rested upon the health practitioner to inform patients about information about a proposed treatment. Arguments are raised that the nature, scope and accessibility of information about issues relating to organ donation will determine if informed consent is present in the doctrine of presumed consent. The introduction of the doctrine of presumed consent as organ procurement system could provide South Africa with an essential framework to increase organ procurement and awareness about organ donation provided that sufficient information can be accessed in an easy and effective manner. The following concepts are analysed in the dissertation: The doctrine of presumed consent The principle of required response The principle of required request The doctrine of informed consent Organ procurement incentives Routine salvaging Organ procurement systems Organ preservation and safeguarding Organ allocation systems Human Tissue and organs The moment of death.
