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The Impact Of Information Technology On Firms Size And Productivity In Us A Study Of Coordination Costs As Mediating Effect
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Book Synopsis The Impact of Information Technology on Firm's Size and Productivity in U.S. : A Study of Coordination Costs as Mediating Effect by : 鄭[Sang]元
Download or read book The Impact of Information Technology on Firm's Size and Productivity in U.S. : A Study of Coordination Costs as Mediating Effect written by 鄭[Sang]元 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computers and Productivity by : Thomas Hempell
Download or read book Computers and Productivity written by Thomas Hempell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-17 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) create potentials for considerable productivity gains and for higher economic growth. However, ICTs also pose varied challenges to firms in order to benefit from these potentials. Highlighting the importance of innovations, firm-sponsored training, and recruitment of high-skilled workers, this monograph analyses why and to what extent firms differ in their capabilities to make ICT work productively. The work also comprises a detailed discussion of economic theory concerning ICT use and complementary firm strategies. In addition it provides a comprehensive treatment of various methodological issues concerning the measurement of firm-level productivity in econometric analyses.
Book Synopsis Production Technology, Information Technology, and Vertical Integration Under Asymmetric Information by : Gamal Atallah
Download or read book Production Technology, Information Technology, and Vertical Integration Under Asymmetric Information written by Gamal Atallah and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper addresses the effect of technological progress on the boundaries of the firm, building on transaction cost theory and agency theory. The model incorporates four types of costs: production, coordination, management, and transaction costs. The market has lower production costs, but higher coordination costs, than the firm. A principal-two agents framework with adverse selection and moral hazard is adopted. It is found that technological progress in production and information technologies tend to have diametrically opposite effects on procurement. In general, progress in production technology leads to more vertical integration, whereas progress in information technology leads to more subcontracting. When technological change concerns the level of costs, its effect on procurement depends on the cost differential between the firm and the market, and on the relative importance of production and coordination costs; whereas, when technological change affects the effect or disutility of effort, its impact on procurement is unambiguous. The paper provides an explanation for the changing effect of technological progress on procurement throughout the twentieth century: why it favoured vertical integration historically, and why it favours subcontracting (or has a mixed effect) today. This explanation relies on the implication of the evolution of the relative importance of production and coordination activities for the relationship between technological progress and vertical integration. The paper constitutes a bridge between contractual explanations and technological explanations of the existence and boundaries of the firm.
Book Synopsis The Mediating Effect of Innovation on the Relationship Between Information Technology Investments and Firm Performance by : Erastus Karanja
Download or read book The Mediating Effect of Innovation on the Relationship Between Information Technology Investments and Firm Performance written by Erastus Karanja and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last couple of decades has witnessed a plethora of research studies addressing the cause-and-effect relationship between Information Technology (IT) investments and performance at the firm level. These studies elicited mixed results between IT investments and performance which led to various points of view from IT Scholars and Practitioners. Recently, though, there is an emerging consensus that IT investments do augment the performance of the firm, albeit indirectly. However, there seems to be a dearth of research studies investigating the underlying mechanisms through which IT investments impact specific business processes to spur the agreed performance differentials. In response to calls for research that investigates the business processes impacted by IT investments, this study examines the underlying mechanisms through which IT investments influence innovation that in turn leads to improved firm performance. Since firms do not operate in isolation, and also because one business process has the potential to complement or suppress another, the study includes specific firm factors, namely debt ratio, growth potential, and firm size, as well as environmental factors such as market concentration ratio, diversification, and environmental uncertainty, and examines how these control factors impact innovation and, ultimately, firm performance. A set of hypotheses grounded in the knowledge-based view and the resource-based view theories of the firm is generated and empirically tested in a sample of 441 firms in the manufacturing industry, using a unique dataset that comprises IT investments data from InformationWeek 500, patents data from United States Patents and Trademark Office, as well as financial and market data from Research Insight (COMPUSTAT). Both hierarchical linear regression and mediated regression models are used to analyze the data; and after controlling for variations in specific firm and environmental factors, the empirical analysis yielded significant relationships between IT investments and innovation, and innovation and firm performance. Also, specific firm factors such as debt ratio and firm size, and environmental factors, namely, diversification and market concentration ratio, were found to be significantly related to innovation. However, and contrary to expectations, IT investments was found not to be significantly related to either of the measures of firm performance, namely, Tobin's Q and Return on Sales. These results highlight the indirect, though positive, role of IT investments in firm performance and reiterate that IT investments should be embedded and integrated in the business processes to spur firm performance differentials.-- Abstract.
Author :Steering Committee on Research Opportunities Relating to Economic and Social Impacts of Computing and Communications Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309521750 Total Pages :227 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology by : Steering Committee on Research Opportunities Relating to Economic and Social Impacts of Computing and Communications
Download or read book Fostering Research on the Economic and Social Impacts of Information Technology written by Steering Committee on Research Opportunities Relating to Economic and Social Impacts of Computing and Communications and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-09-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tremendous growth in use of information technology (IT) has led to an increased interest in understanding its social and economic impacts. This book presents examples of crosscutting research that has been conducted to understand the impact of information technology on personal, community, and business activities. It explores ways in which the use of methodology from economics and social sciences contributes to important advances in understanding these impacts. The book discusses significant research issues and concerns and suggests approaches for fostering increased interdisciplinary research on the impacts of information technology and making the results of this research more accessible to the public and policymakers. This volume is expected to influence funding priorities and levels of support for interdisciplinary research of this kind.
Book Synopsis Information Productivity by : Paul A. Strassmann
Download or read book Information Productivity written by Paul A. Strassmann and published by Strassmann, Inc.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the costs of information management in relation to all other costs of doing business. Shows how to calculate and analyze the information productivity of a corporation. Includes a ranking of the productivity of 1,586 U.S. industrial corporations in an appendix.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Information Technology by : Hal R. Varian
Download or read book The Economics of Information Technology written by Hal R. Varian and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-23 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Information Technology is a concise and accessible review of some of the important economic factors affecting information technology industries. These industries are characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs of production, large switching costs for users, and strong network effects. These factors combine to produce some unique behavior. The book consists of two parts. In the first part, Professor Varian outlines the basic economics of these industries. In the second part, Professors Farrell and Shapiro describe the impact of these factors on competition policy. The clarity of the analysis and exposition makes this an ideal introduction for undergraduate and graduate students in economics, business strategy, law and related areas.
Book Synopsis An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Information Technology and Coordination Costs by : Namchul Shin
Download or read book An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Information Technology and Coordination Costs written by Namchul Shin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organization by : Nick Bloom
Download or read book The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organization written by Nick Bloom and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical studies on information communication technologies (ICT) typically aggregate the "information" and "communication" components together. We show theoretically and empirically that these have very different effects on the empowerment of employees, and by extension on wage inequality. If managerial hierarchies are devices to acquire and transmit knowledge and information, technologies that reduce information costs enable agents to acquire more knowledge and 'empower' lower level agents. Conversely, technologies reducing communication costs substitute agent's knowledge for directions from their managers, and lead to centralization. Using an original dataset of firms in the US and seven European countries we study the impact of ICT on worker autonomy, plant manager autonomy and spans of control. Consistently with the theory we find that better information technologies (Enterprise Resource Planning for plant managers and CAD/CAM for production workers) are associated with more autonomy and a wider span of control. By contrast, communication technologies (like data networks) decrease autonomy for both workers and plant managers. Our findings are robust to using exogenous variation in cross-country telecommunication costs arising from differential regulatory regimes.
Book Synopsis Aligning Information Technology, Organization, and Strategy by : Ferdinand Mahr
Download or read book Aligning Information Technology, Organization, and Strategy written by Ferdinand Mahr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-06 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferdinand Mahr develops an integrative theoretical model of IT complements such as organizational structure, human resource management, and corporate strategy. He conducts two empirical analyses of the complementarities between IT, organization, and strategy.
Book Synopsis The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organization by :
Download or read book The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organization written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical studies on information communication technologies (ICT) typically aggregate the 'information' and 'communication' components together. We show theoretically and empirically that this is problematic. Information and communication technologies have very different effects on the decisions taken at each level of an organization. Better information access pushes decisions down, as it allows for superior decentralized decision making without an undue cognitive burden on those lower in the hierarchy. Better communication pushes decisions up, as it allows employees to rely on those above them in the hierarchy to make decisions. Using an original dataset of firms from the US and seven European countries we study the impact of ICT on worker autonomy, plant manager autonomy and span of control. Consistently with the theory we find that better information technologies (Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP, for plant managers and CAD/CAM for production workers) are associated with more autonomy and a wider span of control. By contrast, communication technologies (like data networks) decrease autonomy for both workers and plant managers. Treating technology as endogenous using instrumental variables (distance from the birthplace of ERP and heterogeneous telecommunication costs arising from different regulatory regimes) strengthen our results. Keywords: organization, delegation, information technology, communication technology, the theory of the firm.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309454050 Total Pages :199 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Information Technology and the U.S. Workforce by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Information Technology and the U.S. Workforce written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have yielded significant advances in computing and communication technologies, with profound impacts on society. Technology is transforming the way we work, play, and interact with others. From these technological capabilities, new industries, organizational forms, and business models are emerging. Technological advances can create enormous economic and other benefits, but can also lead to significant changes for workers. IT and automation can change the way work is conducted, by augmenting or replacing workers in specific tasks. This can shift the demand for some types of human labor, eliminating some jobs and creating new ones. Information Technology and the U.S. Workforce explores the interactions between technological, economic, and societal trends and identifies possible near-term developments for work. This report emphasizes the need to understand and track these trends and develop strategies to inform, prepare for, and respond to changes in the labor market. It offers evaluations of what is known, notes open questions to be addressed, and identifies promising research pathways moving forward.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Influence of Information Technology on the Organization of Firms by : Albert Edmund Wenger
Download or read book Three Essays on the Influence of Information Technology on the Organization of Firms written by Albert Edmund Wenger and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Information Technology's Impact on Firm Structure by : David N. Beede
Download or read book Information Technology's Impact on Firm Structure written by David N. Beede and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, economists have speculated on the effects of the proliferation of new computer and communications capabilities on business structure and performance. The present analysis explores information technology's (IT)relationship to employment and firm structure by examining how IT affects the relative size of employment at auxiliary units. The analysis treats auxiliary units--establishments where employees provide support services (mainly administrative) to production establishments--as a proxy for the highest administrative levels of the organizational hierarchy. Changes in the relative size of auxiliary employment give a broad indication of IT-related changes in firm structure. Statistical analyses of 46 industries show large variations across industries in the size, sign, and statistical significance of the elasticities of auxiliary unit employment shares with respect to IT capital stock shares. We find no economy-wide trends associated with IT. There is too much variation among industries to rely on estimates obtained from pooling industry data. For the most part, sectorial trends are scarce. Only in the transportation sector do the sign and statistical significance suggest that IT related changes are similar. Ultimately, the enormous variation revealed by our results suggests that one cannot make economy-wide generalizations about the effects of IT. Nevertheless, our results, combined with other evidence,suggest that economies of scale--gained from using IT to reduce coordination and monitoring costs--influence firm size and structure. One reason why the effects of IT are so different across industries is variation in the firm size distribution across industries prior to the IT revolution: 1) For industries with a predominance of small firms, IT-related economies of scale may encourage growth in firm size and lead to an increase in the relative size of centralized back office establishments across the industry. This appears to have occurred in the retail trade industry. 2) In some industries where large firms predominate, IT may induce greater efficiency in back-office jobs, enabling firms to reduce back office employment relative to total employment. This appears to have occurred in some of the transportation industries. 3) In industries where IT primarily substitutes for production workers, auxiliary unit employment share is likely to rise because central administration office employment tends to change less than proportionately in response to changes in overall employment. This appears to have occurred in the primary metals industry.
Book Synopsis Digital and Social Media Marketing by : Nripendra P. Rana
Download or read book Digital and Social Media Marketing written by Nripendra P. Rana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines issues and implications of digital and social media marketing for emerging markets. These markets necessitate substantial adaptations of developed theories and approaches employed in the Western world. The book investigates problems specific to emerging markets, while identifying new theoretical constructs and practical applications of digital marketing. It addresses topics such as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), demographic differences in digital marketing, mobile marketing, search engine advertising, among others. A radical increase in both temporal and geographical reach is empowering consumers to exert influence on brands, products, and services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and digital media are having a significant impact on the way people communicate and fulfil their socio-economic, emotional and material needs. These technologies are also being harnessed by businesses for various purposes including distribution and selling of goods, retailing of consumer services, customer relationship management, and influencing consumer behaviour by employing digital marketing practices. This book considers this, as it examines the practice and research related to digital and social media marketing.
Book Synopsis The Impact Of Information Technology On Business Productivity by : Péter Sasvári
Download or read book The Impact Of Information Technology On Business Productivity written by Péter Sasvári and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays it is generally accepted that businesses and enterprises are centered around information exchange, if they want to keep up the pace with the rapid changes and developments, they have to adapt to the new challenges of the Information Age. Accordingly, business information systems have been created with the purpose of offering effective help to the management and the employees of companies, making them able to cope with the increased burden of administration as well as with the responsibility of making strategic decisions. This study deals with the number of issues related to the implementation of business information systems, the problems encountered during their implementation, the expenditure on the development of a company's information technology infrastructure and the relative importance of information technology within the broader structure of an economic organization. Finally, it reveals that the inability of using properly designed information systems may result in damaging the operational effectiveness of companies and an irreversible loss of their competitiveness.
Book Synopsis Computer-mediated Work by : Tora K. Bikson
Download or read book Computer-mediated Work written by Tora K. Bikson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes how computer-based information technology was introduced into one white-collar work setting, and explores the consequences to employees and the organization. Several years ago, the company studied here made a substantial commitment to implementing advanced information tools. Its success in this innovation effort can be explained in terms of three components: characteristics of the organization, its information technology, and its implementation program. The organization is characterized by a receptivity to the implementation of advanced information technology; its information system is mission-focused, user-driven, and designed for change; and it carefully plans its implementation strategy and commits substantial resources to it. This company's experience suggests that the implementation of innovative information technologies can yield both economic performance payoffs and human resources benefits.
