The Hidden History Of Capoeira

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The Hidden History of Capoeira

Author : Maya Talmon-Chvaicer
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292773587
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hidden History of Capoeira by : Maya Talmon-Chvaicer

Download or read book The Hidden History of Capoeira written by Maya Talmon-Chvaicer and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capoeira, a Brazilian battle dance and national sport, has become popular all over the world. First brought to Brazil by African slaves and first documented in the late eighteenth century, capoeira has undergone many transformations as it has diffused throughout Brazilian society and beyond, taking on a multiplicity of meanings for those who participate in it and for the societies in which it is practiced. In this book, Maya Talmon-Chvaicer combines cultural history with anthropological research to offer an in-depth study of the development and meaning of capoeira, starting with the African cultures in which it originated and continuing up to the present day. Using a wealth of primary sources, Talmon-Chvaicer analyzes the outlooks on life, symbols, and rituals of the three major cultures that inspired capoeira—the Congolese (the historic area known today as Congo-Angola), the Yoruban, and the Catholic Portuguese cultures. As she traces the evolution of capoeira through successive historical eras, Talmon-Chvaicer maintains a dual perspective, depicting capoeira as it was experienced, observed, and understood by both Europeans and Africans, as well as by their descendants. This dual perspective uncovers many covert aspects of capoeira that have been repressed by the dominant Brazilian culture. This rich study reclaims the African origins and meanings of capoeira, while also acknowledging the many ways in which Catholic-Christian culture has contributed to it. The book will be fascinating reading not only for scholars but also for capoeira participants who may not know the deeper spiritual meanings of the customs, amulets, and rituals of this jogo da vida, "game of life."

The Little Capoeira Book, Revised Edition

Author : Nestor Capoeira
Publisher : Blue Snake Books
ISBN 13 : 9781583941980
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis The Little Capoeira Book, Revised Edition by : Nestor Capoeira

Download or read book The Little Capoeira Book, Revised Edition written by Nestor Capoeira and published by Blue Snake Books. This book was released on 2007-12-26 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nestor Capoeira, a long-time teacher of capoeira and noted mestre (master), begins this revised edition of his bestseller with an in-depth history of the Brazilian art, giving the most popular theories for the origins and purposes of this movement that combines the grace of dance with lethal self-defense techniques in a unique game-song structure. He discusses some of the most famous capoeristas and their influence on the art. In addition, he describes how the two major branches of capoeira (Angola and Regional) came about and the differences between them. The Little Capoeira Book’s clear descriptions of the game, or jogo, explain the actual application of capoeira, vaguely similar to sparring but very different in purpose and style. The music of capoeira, which is played during all jogo, is also examined, along with its main instrument, the berimbau. The author includes a how-to guide with photographs showing basic moves for beginners, with offensive and defensive applications for simple kicks, takedowns, advanced kicks and movements, head butts, hand strikes, and knee and elbow strikes. Each technique is vividly depicted with drawings that are easy to understand and learn from, and mestre capoeira includes an explanation of both Angola and Regional versions.

Power in Practice

Author : Sergio González Varela
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1785336363
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Power in Practice by : Sergio González Varela

Download or read book Power in Practice written by Sergio González Varela and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considering the concept of power in capoeira, an Afro-Brazilian ritual art form, Varela describes ethnographically the importance that capoeira leaders (mestres) have in the social configuration of a style called Angola in Bahia, Brazil. He analyzes how individual power is essential for an understanding of the modern history of capoeira, and for the themes of embodiment, play, cosmology, and ritual action. The book also emphasizes the great significance that creativity and aesthetic expression have for capoeira’s practice and performance.

Capoeira

Author : Matthias Röhrig Assunção
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135764271
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Capoeira by : Matthias Röhrig Assunção

Download or read book Capoeira written by Matthias Röhrig Assunção and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally the preserve of Afro-Brazilian slaves, the marginalized and the underclasses in Brazilian society, capoeira is now a mainstream sport, taught in Brazilian schools and practised by a range of social classes around the world. Some advocates now seek Olympic recognition for Capoeira. This apparent change in the meaning and purpose of Capeoira has led to conflicts between traditionalists, who view capoeira as their heritage descended from the maroons, a weapon to be used against the injustice and repression; and reformers, who wish to see Capoeira develop as an international sport. Capoeira: The History of Afro-Brazilian Martial Art explores Capoeira as a field of confrontation where the different struggles that divide Brazilian society are played out. It contains both the first comprehensive English language review of archive and contemporary literature relating to Capoeira, as well as the first scholarly account of Capoeira's history and development.

Living History

Author : Ana Lucia Araujo
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443810681
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Living History by : Ana Lucia Araujo

Download or read book Living History written by Ana Lucia Araujo and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05-05 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focusses on the several forms of reconstructing the slave past in the present. The recent emergence of the memory of slavery allows those who are or who claim to be descendents of slaves to legitimize their demand for recognition and for reparations for past wrongs. Some reparation claims encompass financial compensation, but very often they express the need for memorialization through public commemoration, museums, and monuments. In some contexts, presentification of the slave past has helped governments and the descendants of former masters and slave merchants to formulate public apologies. For some, expressing repentance is not only a means to erase guilt but also a way to gain political prestige. The authors analyse different aspects of the recent phenomenon of memorializing slavery, especially the practices employed to stage the slave past in both public and private spaces. The essays present memory and oblivion as part of the same process; they discuss reconstructions of the past in the present at different public and private levels through historiography, photography, exhibitions, monuments, memorials, collective and individual discourses, cyberspace, religion and performance. By offering a comparative perspective on the United States and West Africa, as well as on Western Europe, South America, and the Caribbean, the chapters offer new possibilities to explore the resurgence of the memory of slavery as a transnational movement in our contemporary world.

Faith in the Face of Militarization

Author : Jude Lal Fernando
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1725284006
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (252 download)

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Book Synopsis Faith in the Face of Militarization by : Jude Lal Fernando

Download or read book Faith in the Face of Militarization written by Jude Lal Fernando and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2021-04-05 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does believing mean in the face of empire and militarization? These essays articulate the critical and liberating consciousness shared by oppressed peoples across the world, arising from a faith in the God of the oppressed, expressed in radically diverse ways, and resisting the imperialist deities of materialism (read: economic growth), racism, and militarization that falsely appear as the saviors of humanity. The authors confront these false gods--which form the modern empire--worshiped by the most dominant militarized states in the world and followed by their allied states even in the midst of a worldwide pandemic. Out of the eleven articles, two are written by critical political analysts with an anti-colonial lens while recognizing the importance of faith in resistance. The rest are written by theologians who critically reflect on their faith within the context of empire and militarization in their societies. Militarization is among the most brutal forms of oppression on the resisting peoples. The theologies that have emerged from critical reflections on their collective experiences are grounded on a material spirituality as opposed to materialistic, racist, and militaristic godlessness. This collection has emerged out of creative and transformative practices in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Pacific, and the US. The essays are divided it into four sections in recognizing some of the key features of material spirituality; indigenous, feminist and interreligious voices, and horizontal solidarity. With contributions from: Michael Lujan Bevacqua Wati Longchar Nidia Arrobo Rodas Rasika Sharmen Pieris Lilian Cheelo Siwila Young-Bock Kim Dan Gonzales-Ortega Erin Shea Martin Mark Braverman Joshua Samuel Phil Miller

Fighting for Honor

Author : T. J. Desch-Obi
Publisher : Univ of South Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 1643361937
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Fighting for Honor by : T. J. Desch-Obi

Download or read book Fighting for Honor written by T. J. Desch-Obi and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking investigation into the migration of martial arts techniques across continents and centuries The presence of African influence and tradition in the Americas has long been recognized in art, music, language, agriculture, and religion. T. J. Desch-Obi explores another cultural continuity that is as old as eighteenth-century slave settlements in South America and as contemporary as hip-hop culture. In this thorough survey of the history of African martial arts techniques, Desch-Obi maps the translation of numerous physical combat techniques across three continents and several centuries to illustrate how these practices evolved over time and are still recognizable in American culture today. Some of these art traditions were part of African military training while others were for self-defense and spiritual discipline. Grounded in historical and cultural anthropological methodologies, Desch-Obi's investigation traces the influence of well-delineated African traditions on long-observed but misunderstood African and African American cultural activities in North America, Brazil, and the Caribbean. He links the Brazilian martial art capoeira to reports of slave activities recorded in colonial and antebellum North America. Likewise Desch-Obi connects images of the kalenda African stick-fighting techniques to the Haitian Revolution. Throughout the study Desch-Obi examines the ties between physical mastery of these arts and changing perceptions of honor. Including forty-five illustrations, this rich history of the arrival and dissemination of African martial arts in the Atlantic world offers a new vantage for furthering our understanding of the powerful influence of enslaved populations on our collective social history.

Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Property Protection

Author : Sharon B. Le Gall
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136026649
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Property Protection by : Sharon B. Le Gall

Download or read book Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Property Protection written by Sharon B. Le Gall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International developments since the mid-1990s have signalled an awareness of the importance and validity of traditional knowledge and cultural property. The adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the establishment of the WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore demonstrate an emerging trend towards the recognition of the rights of communities and the importance of culture in shaping international law and policy. This book examines how developments to protect collectively held knowledge transpose to circumstances which may not meet the usually understood criteria of what is considered to be an indigenous or traditional group. This includes communally derived cultural products which have emerged out of communities and subsequently formed a part of the national or popular culture. The book considers the steel pan of Trinidad and Tobago, punta rock music from Belize, Brazilian capoeira, and the cajón of Peru as key cases studies of this. By exploring the impact of past and recent international developments to protect traditional knowledge, Sharon Le Gall highlights a category of cultural signifiers which lies outside the scope of intellectual property protection, as well as the protection proposed for traditional knowledge and advocated for intangible cultural property. The book proposes a reinterpretation of Joseph Raz’s interest theory of group rights in order to accommodate the rights advocated for collectively derived cultural signifiers on the basis of their value as symbols of identity. In doing so, Le Gall offers an original account of how those signifiers, which may not be described as exclusively ‘traditional’ or ‘indigenous’ and held in ways which are not ‘traditional’ or ‘customary’, may be accommodated in emerging traditional knowledge laws.

Self Defense

Author : Elsa Dorlin
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1839761083
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis Self Defense by : Elsa Dorlin

Download or read book Self Defense written by Elsa Dorlin and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brilliant study of violent self-defense in the struggle for liberation by an award-winning philosopher Is violent self-defense ethical? In the history of colonialism, racism, sexism, capitalism, there has long been a dividing line between bodies "worthy of defending" and those who have been disarmed and rendered defenseless. In 1685, for example, France's infamous "Code Noir" forbade slaves from carrying weapons, under penalty of the whip. In nineteenth-century Algeria, the colonial state outlawed the use of arms by Algerians, but granted French settlers the right to bear arms. Today, some lives are seen to be worth so little that Black teenagers can be shot in the back for appearing "threatening" while their killers are understood, by the state, to be justified. That those subject to the most violence have been forcibly made defenseless raises, for any movement of liberation, the question of using violence in the interest of self-defense. Here, philosopher Elsa Dorlin looks across the global history of the left - from slave revolts to the knitting women of the French Revolution and British suffragists' training in ju-jitsu, from the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising to the Black Panther Party, from queer neighborhood patrols to Black Lives Matter, to trace the politics, philosophy, and ethics of self defense. In this history she finds a "martial ethics of the self": a practice in which violent self defense is the only means for the oppressed to ensure survival and to build a liveable future. In this sparkling and provocative book, drawing on theorists from Thomas Hobbes to Fred Hampton, Frantz Fanon to Judith Butler, Michel Foucault to June Jordan, Dorlin has reworked the very idea of modern governance and political subjectivity. Translated from the French by Kieran Aarons.

Undocumented

Author : Duncan Tonatiuh
Publisher : Abrams
ISBN 13 : 1683352416
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Undocumented by : Duncan Tonatiuh

Download or read book Undocumented written by Duncan Tonatiuh and published by Abrams. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undocumented is the story of immigrant workers who have come to the United States without papers. Every day, these men and women join the work force and contribute positively to society. The story is told via the ancient Mixtec codex—accordion fold—format. Juan grew up in Mexico working in the fields to help provide for his family. Struggling for money, Juan crosses over into the United States and becomes an undocumented worker, living in a poor neighborhood, working hard to survive. Though he is able to get a job as a busboy at a restaurant, he is severely undercompensated—he receives less than half of the minimum wage! Risking his boss reporting him to the authorities for not having proper resident papers, Juan risks everything and stands up for himself and the rest of the community.

Hidden Powers of State in the Cuban Imagination

Author : Kenneth Routon
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813043182
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Hidden Powers of State in the Cuban Imagination by : Kenneth Routon

Download or read book Hidden Powers of State in the Cuban Imagination written by Kenneth Routon and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2010-07-18 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its hard-nosed emphasis on the demystifying realism of Marxist-Leninist ideology, the political imagery of the Cuban revolution--and the state that followed--conjures up its own magical seductions and fantasies of power. In this fascinating account, Kenneth Routon shows how magic practices and political culture are entangled in Cuba in unusual and intimate ways. Routon describes not only how the monumentality of the state arouses magical sensibilities and popular images of its hidden powers, but he also explores the ways in which revolutionary officialdom has, in recent years, tacitly embraced and harnessed vernacular fantasies of power to the national agenda. In his brilliant analysis, popular culture and the state are deeply entangled within a promiscuous field of power, taking turns siphoning the magic of the other in order to embellish their own fantasies of authority, control, and transformation. This study brings anthropology and history together by examining the relationship between ritual and state power in revolutionary Cuba, paying particular attention to the roles of memory and history in the construction and contestation of shared political imaginaries.

Brazil Today [2 volumes]

Author : John J. Crocitti
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313346739
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Brazil Today [2 volumes] by : John J. Crocitti

Download or read book Brazil Today [2 volumes] written by John J. Crocitti and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For students, business people, government officials, artists, and tourists—in short, anyone traveling to or wishing to know more about contemporary Brazil—this is an essential resource. The two-volume Brazil Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic is an introductory work intended for those in search of basic information about Brazilian institutions, businesses, social issues, and culture. At the same time, it is a work that reflects the nation's geographic, demographic, economic, and cultural diversity. The wide-reaching encyclopedia offers an entry for each Brazilian state with information about the land, climate, economy, and culture. It also offers extensive coverage of the country's political parties and leaders, its governmental and non-governmental organizations, and the environmental issues and social problems that shape Brazilian politics today. In addition, the work pays considerable attention to the economy and business through entries on industry, agriculture, commerce, banking, and economic policies. Finally, there are entries that illuminate various aspects of Brazil's culture, including the nation's social movements, religion, education, music, cuisine, and literature, as well as personalities from sports and entertainment.

Capoeira Beyond Brazil

Author : Aniefre Essien
Publisher : Blue Snake Books
ISBN 13 : 9781583942550
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Capoeira Beyond Brazil by : Aniefre Essien

Download or read book Capoeira Beyond Brazil written by Aniefre Essien and published by Blue Snake Books. This book was released on 2008 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the history, techniques, and uses of capoeira, a martial art/dance form that originated with African slaves in Brazil.

We are the Champions: The Politics of Sports and Popular Music

Author : Ken McLeod
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317000099
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis We are the Champions: The Politics of Sports and Popular Music by : Ken McLeod

Download or read book We are the Champions: The Politics of Sports and Popular Music written by Ken McLeod and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports and popular music are synergistic agents in the construction of identity and community. They are often interconnected through common cross-marketing tactics and through influence on each other's performative strategies and stylistic content. Typically only studied as separate entities, popular music and sport cultures mutually 'play' off each other in exchanges of style, ideologies and forms. Posing unique challenges to notions of mind - body dualities, nationalism, class, gender, and racial codes and sexual orientation, Dr Ken McLeod illuminates the paradoxical and often conflicting relationships associated with these modes of leisure and entertainment and demonstrates that they are not culturally or ideologically distinct but are interconnected modes of contemporary social practice. Examples include how music is used to enhance sporting events, such as anthems, chants/cheers, and intermission entertainment, music that is used as an active part of the athletic event, and music that has been written about or that is associated with sports. There are also connections in the use of music in sports movies, television and video games and important, though critically under-acknowledged, similarities regarding spectatorship, practice and performance. Despite the scope of such confluences, the extraordinary impact of the interrelationship of music and sports on popular culture has remained little recognized. McLeod ties together several influential threads of popular culture and fills a significant void in our understanding of the construction and communication of identity in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture

Author : Janet Sturman
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1506353371
Total Pages : 5212 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture by : Janet Sturman

Download or read book The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture written by Janet Sturman and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 5212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Music and Culture presents key concepts in the study of music in its cultural context and provides an introduction to the discipline of ethnomusicology, its methods, concerns, and its contributions to knowledge and understanding of the world′s musical cultures, styles, and practices. The diverse voices of contributors to this encyclopedia confirm ethnomusicology′s fundamental ethos of inclusion and respect for diversity. Combined, the multiplicity of topics and approaches are presented in an easy-to-search A-Z format and offer a fresh perspective on the field and the subject of music in culture. Key features include: Approximately 730 signed articles, authored by prominent scholars, are arranged A-to-Z and published in a choice of print or electronic editions Pedagogical elements include Further Readings and Cross References to conclude each article and a Reader’s Guide in the front matter organizing entries by broad topical or thematic areas Back matter includes an annotated Resource Guide to further research (journals, books, and associations), an appendix listing notable archives, libraries, and museums, and a detailed Index The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross References combine for thorough search-and-browse capabilities in the electronic edition

Kung Fu High School

Author : Ryan Gattis
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 0547627998
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (476 download)

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Book Synopsis Kung Fu High School by : Ryan Gattis

Download or read book Kung Fu High School written by Ryan Gattis and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2005-09-05 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wear your gear. Bring your blades. Back your family. Fight for your life. MLK High School has collapsed into Kung Fu High School--where Jen B. and her brother, Cue, belong to one of two gangs still standing against the puppet principal and the drug kingpin who pulls his strings. Cousin Jimmy--a world-champion martial arts master of mythic stature--arrives in town after swearing to his mother that he'll never fight again. His rep precedes him and everyone's itching to see him "kicked in"--Kung Fu's brutal initiation ritual. But he won't break his vow and defend himself, so Cue steps in when things go too far. Soon, a surprise counterstrike sends Kung Fu spinning toward one final, raging battle. Teachers flee, students break out full weaponry, and Jimmy must make a decision that will brand him a coward--or a hero.

The Human Tradition in the Black Atlantic, 1500-2000

Author : Beatriz Gallotti Mamigonian
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742567306
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (673 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Tradition in the Black Atlantic, 1500-2000 by : Beatriz Gallotti Mamigonian

Download or read book The Human Tradition in the Black Atlantic, 1500-2000 written by Beatriz Gallotti Mamigonian and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like snapshots of everyday life in the past, the compelling biographies in this book document the making of the Black Atlantic world since the sixteenth century from the point of view of those who were part of it. Centering on the diaspora caused by the forced migration of Africans to Europe and across the Atlantic to the Americas, the chapters explore the slave trade, enslavement, resistance, adaptation, cultural transformations, and the quest for citizenship rights. The variety of experiences, constraints and choices depicted in the book and their changes across time and space defy the idea of a unified "black experience." At the same time, it is clear that in the twentieth century, "black" identity unified people of African descent who, along with other "minority" groups, struggled against colonialism and racism and presented alternatives to a version of modernity that excluded and alienated them. Drawing on a rich array of little-known documents, the contributors reconstruct the lives and times of some well-known characters along with ordinary people who rarely left written records and would otherwise have remained anonymous and unknown. Contributions by: Aaron P. Althouse, Alan Bloom, Marcus J. M. de Carvalho, Aisnara Perera Díaz, María de los Ángeles Meriño Fuentes, Flávio dos Santos Gomes, Hilary Jones, Beatriz G. Mamigonian, Charles Beatty Medina, Richard Price, Sally Price, Cassandra Pybus, Karen Racine, Ty M. Reese, João José Reis, Lorna Biddle Rinear, Meredith L. Roman, Maya Talmon-Chvaicer, and Jerome Teelucksingh.