The Gastrointestinal System Motility And Circulation

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Colonic Motility

Author : Sushil K. Sarna
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615041516
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Colonic Motility by : Sushil K. Sarna

Download or read book Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.

The Gastrointestinal Circulation

Author : Peter R. Kvietys
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041176
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gastrointestinal Circulation by : Peter R. Kvietys

Download or read book The Gastrointestinal Circulation written by Peter R. Kvietys and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography

Handbook of Physiology

Author : John R. Pappenheimer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780195207910
Total Pages : 888 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Physiology by : John R. Pappenheimer

Download or read book Handbook of Physiology written by John R. Pappenheimer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Physiology: The gastrointestinal system. v. 1, pt. 1-2. Motility and circulation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1036 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Physiology: The gastrointestinal system. v. 1, pt. 1-2. Motility and circulation by :

Download or read book Handbook of Physiology: The gastrointestinal system. v. 1, pt. 1-2. Motility and circulation written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Gastrointestinal System: Motility and circulation

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 888 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gastrointestinal System: Motility and circulation by :

Download or read book The Gastrointestinal System: Motility and circulation written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function

Author : David Grundy
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615043578
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function by : David Grundy

Download or read book Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function written by David Grundy and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gastrointestinal tract is a long, muscular tube responsible for the digestion of food, assimilation of nutrients and elimination of waste. This is achieved by secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption from the intestinal lumen, with different regions playing specific roles in the processing of specific nutrients. These regions come into play sequentially as ingested material is moved along the length of the GI tract by contractions of the muscle layers. In some regions like the oesophagus transit it rapid and measured in seconds while in others like the colon transit is measured in hours and even days, commensurate with the relative slow fermentation that takes place in the large bowel. An hierarchy of controls, neural and endocrine, serve to regulate the various cellular targets that exist in the gut wall. These include muscle cells for contraction and epithelial cells for secretion and absorption. However, there are complex interactions between these digestive mechanisms and other mechanisms that regulate blood flow, immune function, endocrine secretion and food intake. These ensure a fine balance between the ostensibly conflicting tasks of digestion and absorption and protection from potentially harmful ingested materials. They match assimilation of nutrients with hunger and satiety and they ensure that regions of the GI tract that are meters apart work together in a coordinated fashion to match these diverse functions to the digestive needs of the individual. This ebook will provide an overview of the neural mechanisms that control gastrointestinal function. Table of Contents: Neural Control of Gastrointestinal Function / Cells and Tissues / Enteric Nervous System / From Gut to CNS: Extrinsic Sensory Innervation / Sympathetic Innervation of the Gut / Parasympathetic Innervation of the Gut / Integration of Function / References

Anatomy and Physiology

Author : J. Gordon Betts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781947172807
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts

Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Enteric Nervous System

Author : John Barton Furness
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Enteric Nervous System by : John Barton Furness

Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by John Barton Furness and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Oxford Textbook of Critical Care

Author : Webb
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198855435
Total Pages : 1961 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Critical Care by : Webb

Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Critical Care written by Webb and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 1961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit. The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.

Handbook of Physiology

Author : Stanley G. Schultz
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195207910
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Physiology by : Stanley G. Schultz

Download or read book Handbook of Physiology written by Stanley G. Schultz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first volume on gastrointestinal motility in the Handbook of Physiology (1968), there has been an impressive development of new information, new methods and new understanding of motility. These advances span all levels of organization from single smooth muscle cells and neurons to integrated organ function, and they are expertly documented by the authors of this edition. Parallel progress in understanding the vascular system and lymphatics of the alimentary canal over the past 20 years is reviewed in equal detail. Among the topics given authoritative coverage are the ultrastructure of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, the extracellular matrix, and the mechanical properties of the musculature; electrical and chemical behavior of gut neurons and the immunocytochemical localization of neurotransmitters; the unique pattern of motility in the interdigestive state; measurement of intraluminal pressures and electrical and contractile activity at all levels of the gastrointestinal tract; abnormalities associated with parasitic infections; enterotoxins, emesis and surgical perturbations that shed light on normal mechanisms; the basic structure and ultrastructure of the gut vasculature; regional hemodynamics and regulation of the digestive circulation; and neuromuscular transmission in the gut musculature and its neurohormonal control. Overall, the book provides an unparalleled view of gastrointestinal motor and circulatory function. It will be of great use to a wide spectrum of readers, including physiologists, gastroenterologists, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows

Geriatric Gastroenterology

Author : C. S. Pitchumoni
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441916237
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Geriatric Gastroenterology by : C. S. Pitchumoni

Download or read book Geriatric Gastroenterology written by C. S. Pitchumoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

Author : John F. Reinus
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470674849
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology by : John F. Reinus

Download or read book Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology written by John F. Reinus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-05 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gastroenterologists require detailed knowledge regarding the anatomy of the GI system in order to understand the disturbances caused by diseases they diagnose and treat. Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology will bring together the world’s leading names to present a comprehensive overview of the anatomical and physiological features of the gastrointestinal tract. Full colour and with excellent anatomical and clinical figures throughout, it will provide succinct, authoritative and didactic anatomic and physiologic information on all the key areas, including GI motility, hepatic structure, GI hormones, gastric secretion and absorption of nutrients. GI trainees will enjoy the self-assessment MCQs, written to the level they will encounter during their Board exams, and the seasoned gastroenterologist will value it as a handy reference book and refresher for re-certification exams

Medical Physiology : The Big Picture

Author : Jonathan D. Kibble
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 9780071643023
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Physiology : The Big Picture by : Jonathan D. Kibble

Download or read book Medical Physiology : The Big Picture written by Jonathan D. Kibble and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2008-12-07 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get the BIG PICTURE of Medical Physiology -- and focus on what you really need to know to ace the course and board exams! 4-Star Doody's Review! "This excellent, no-frills approach to physiology concepts is designed to help medical students and other health professions students review the basic concepts associated with physiology for the medical profession. The information is concise, accurate and timely." If you don't have unlimited study time Medical Physiology: The Big Picture is exactly what you need! With an emphasis on what you “need to know” versus “what's nice to know,” and enhanced with 450 full-color illustrations, it offers a focused, streamlined overview of medical physiology. You'll find a succinct, user-friendly presentation designed to make even the most complex concepts understandable in a short amount of time. With just the right balance of information to give you the edge at exam time, this unique combination text and atlas features: A “Big Picture” perspective on precisely what you must know to ace your course work and board exams Coverage of all the essential areas of Physiology, including General, Neurophysiology, Blood, Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Renal and Acid Base, Gastrointestinal, and Reproductive 450 labeled and explained full-color illustrations 190 board exam-style questions and answers -- including a complete practice test at the end of the book Special icon highlights important clinical information

Intestinal Absorption and Secretion

Author : Stanley G. Schultz
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195208177
Total Pages : 682 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Intestinal Absorption and Secretion by : Stanley G. Schultz

Download or read book Intestinal Absorption and Secretion written by Stanley G. Schultz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a thorough, up-to-date survey of the physiological processes through which salt, water, and nutrients are absorbed or secreted by the intestinal tract, and of how these myriad processes are regulated. In twenty-five chapters, written by a team of leading experts, the volume addresses four main topics: the methodologies and basic principles of structure and function; intestinal ion transport; nutrient absorption; and macromolecular transport. Throughout, the contributors emphasize recent developments in the field--for example, neuroendocrine-immune cell interactions in the intestinal mucosa, the regulation of intestinal sodium transport, the cloning of the intestinal glucose carrier, the intestinal cytoskeleton, and the regulation of intestinal epithelial transport function by protein kinases and calmodulin. This is not only the fourth and final volume in the series; it is also the broadest, most contemporary approach to this important topic. As such, this book will be warmly welcomed--and often consulted--by student, scholars, professionals, and anyone researching intestinal absorptive mechanisms and their regulation.

Fundamentals of Anaesthesia

Author : Colin Pinnock
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521690799
Total Pages : 990 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Anaesthesia by : Colin Pinnock

Download or read book Fundamentals of Anaesthesia written by Colin Pinnock and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Fundamentals of Anaesthesia builds upon the success of the first edition, and encapsulates the modern practice of anaesthesia in a single volume. Written and edited by a team of expert contributors, it provides a comprehensive but easily readable account of all of the information required by the FRCA Primary examination candidate and has been expanded to include more detail on all topics and to include new topics now covered in the examination. As with the previous edition, presentation of information is clear and concise, with the use of lists, tables, summary boxes and line illustrations where necessary to highlight important information and aid the understanding of complex topics. Great care has been taken to ensure an unrivalled consistency of style and presentation throughout.

Handbook of Physiology: The gastrointestinal system ; v. 1. Motility and circulation (pts. 1-2) ; v. 2. Neural and endocrine biology ; v. 3. Salivaary, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary secretion ; v. 4. Intestinal absorption and secretion

Download Handbook of Physiology: The gastrointestinal system ; v. 1. Motility and circulation (pts. 1-2) ; v. 2. Neural and endocrine biology ; v. 3. Salivaary, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary secretion ; v. 4. Intestinal absorption and secretion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (783 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Physiology: The gastrointestinal system ; v. 1. Motility and circulation (pts. 1-2) ; v. 2. Neural and endocrine biology ; v. 3. Salivaary, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary secretion ; v. 4. Intestinal absorption and secretion by :

Download or read book Handbook of Physiology: The gastrointestinal system ; v. 1. Motility and circulation (pts. 1-2) ; v. 2. Neural and endocrine biology ; v. 3. Salivaary, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary secretion ; v. 4. Intestinal absorption and secretion written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Comprehensive Human Physiology

Author : Rainer Greger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642609465
Total Pages : 2478 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Human Physiology by : Rainer Greger

Download or read book Comprehensive Human Physiology written by Rainer Greger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 2478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Human Physiology is a significantly important publication on physiology, presenting state-of-the-art knowledge about both the molecular mechanisms and the integrative regulation of body functions. This is the first time that such a broad range of perspectives on physiology have been combined to provide a unified overview of the field. This groundbreaking two-volume set reveals human physiology to be a highly dynamic science rooted in the ever-continuing process of learning more about life. Each chapter contains a wealth of original data, clear illustrations, and extensive references, making this a valuable and easy-to-use reference. This is the quintessential reference work in the fields of physiology and pathophysiology, essential reading for researchers, lecturers and advanced students.