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The Future Of Pakistan In The Aftermath Of September 11 2001 And The Us Led War In Afghanistan
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Book Synopsis The Future of Pakistan in the Aftermath of September 11, 2001 and the US-led War in Afghanistan by : Maqsudul Hasan Nuri
Download or read book The Future of Pakistan in the Aftermath of September 11, 2001 and the US-led War in Afghanistan written by Maqsudul Hasan Nuri and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Maqsudul Hasan Nuri Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948003292 Total Pages :11 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (48 download)
Book Synopsis The Future of Pakistan in the Aftermath of September 11, 2001 and the US-led War in Afghanistan by : Maqsudul Hasan Nuri
Download or read book The Future of Pakistan in the Aftermath of September 11, 2001 and the US-led War in Afghanistan written by Maqsudul Hasan Nuri and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2003-07-30 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lecture analyzes the effects of the September 2001 terrorist attacks against the US that resulted in a massive punitive military strike by the US-led anti-terrorism coalition against then Taliban regime in Afghanistan. While the aftermath of the events has had global influence, much stronger impact is being felt in South Asia, especially Pakistan due to its proximity and close politico-ethnic links with its Afghanistan. As a consequence of the US decision to take action against the Taliban, Pakistan felt obliged to effect a rapid realignment in its foreign policy and joined the US-led international anti-terrorist coalition. This decision conferred some immediate gains for the Musharraf government but some long-term problems are already casting their shadows. Amongst them are the deteriorating economy, the six-month-old India-Pakistan military standoff, the setback to democracy in Pakistan, and, lately, recrudescence of terrorism from remnant Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and fundamental religious groups now dispersed in Pakistan.
Book Synopsis U.S. Strategy for Pakistan and Afghanistan by : Richard Lee Armitage
Download or read book U.S. Strategy for Pakistan and Afghanistan written by Richard Lee Armitage and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2010 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Council on Foreign Relations sponsors Independent Task Forces to assess issues of current and critical importance to U.S. foreign policy and provide policymakers with concrete judgments and recommendations. Diverse in backgrounds and perspectives, Task Force members aim to reach a meaningful consensus on policy through private and non-partisan deliberations. Once launched, Task Forces are independent of CFR and solely responsible for the content of their reports. Task Force members are asked to join a consensus signifying that they endorse "the general policy thrust and judgments reached by the group, though not necessarily every finding and recommendation." Each Task Force member also has the option of putting forward an additional or a dissenting view. Members' affiliations are listed for identification purposes only and do not imply institutional endorsement. Task Force observers participate in discussions, but are not asked to join the consensus. --Book Jacket.
Download or read book War, Will, and Warlords written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compares the reasons for and the responses to the insurgencies in Afghanistan and Pakistan since October 2001. Also examines the lack of security and the support of insurgent groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan since the 1970s that explain the rise of the Pakistan-supported Taliban. Explores the border tribal areas between the two countries and how they influence regional stability and U.S. security. Explains the implications of what happened during this 10-year period to provide candid insights on the prospects and risks associated with bringing a durable stability to this area of the world.
Author :Jamal Sanad Al-Suwaidi Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948026187 Total Pages :16 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (48 download)
Book Synopsis The Future of Political Religious Groups by : Jamal Sanad Al-Suwaidi
Download or read book The Future of Political Religious Groups written by Jamal Sanad Al-Suwaidi and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a supplemental analysis to The Mirage, the comprehensive scholarly review of political religious groups in the Arab world, this paper sheds light upon the illusory tactics of political religious groups following the so-called “Arab Spring” in 2011. With particular emphasis on the Muslim Brotherhood, the methodologies of these political groups are laid bare and their true intentions exposed.
Author :Tariq Ramadan Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :994814502X Total Pages :16 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis The Future of Political Islam in the Arab World by : Tariq Ramadan
Download or read book The Future of Political Islam in the Arab World written by Tariq Ramadan and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strength of the initial revolutionary movements in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya or Syria lay in not having a specific leadership. Rather, these movements comprised men and women from different classes, backgrounds and religions, all coming together. In Egypt this was very apparent – many came together from a variety of secular, leftist and Islamist groups – there was no leadership. It was clear from the very beginning that these were not ‘Islamist revolutions’ as some labeled them. The Islamists in many of these countries joined the efforts afterwards; in fact, in the beginning the Islamists were very hesitant to become involved. The first to push the Islamist movement to participate were the young members of Tunisia’s Al-Nahda. For the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, the group’s leadership initially said that they would not be involved, but they were then encouraged to do so by the younger generation. Within the Brotherhood it was quite clear that there was – and remains – a fracture concerning strategy. Whilst the lack of a central leadership brought the initial movements strength, it was to become their weakness. Why? We know now that following the removal of the dictators it quickly became apparent that there was a lack of vision and clarity about what the people actually wanted. All we know is what they didn’t want; so we are still unsure as to what the future will hold. Across the board, the movements’ early strength became their weakness. From the secularists to the Islamists, these pertinent questions persist: what is the future and what do they want? These questions must be applied from the outset in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of these movements. Ultimately, the situation is complex, with many issues to consider; this is where we are—a complex region facing complex challenges with complex dimensions. Consequently, it pays to be cautious when attempting to predict future developments in Muslim-majority countries. The current period is quite critical—a turning point. Something has changed and we can’t go back. It is now up to the young generation, even the Islamists. My position on this is quite clear – it can’t be done by killing or torturing people – if someone is dealing with politics, be they secular or Islamist, it doesn’t matter; as long as he or she is non-violent and respects the rule of law and the democratic process, he or she is entitled to be involved in the process and be part of the political discussion. Why? because is it good for all of us; it is good for you because there is nothing in Islam – and this is my position – that says that religion should take over the state. It should be about democratic and majority processes—this is Islamic.
Author :Abdi Awaleh Jama Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948141709 Total Pages :14 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis The Political Future of Somalia by : Abdi Awaleh Jama
Download or read book The Political Future of Somalia written by Abdi Awaleh Jama and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2009-07-02 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No-one can attempt to predict the political future of a country except through the examination of its recent past and current situation. Somalia stands as a nation divided by former colonial powers and a country born on July 1, 1960, as an orphan state within a hostile environment and without recognized boundaries with its neighbors. It is this predicament that symbolizes Somalia and its multifaceted problems. Today, deeply entrenched tribalism stands as a major impediment to the rebuilding of the country, supported by rampant external interference in Somalia’s internal affairs and facilitated by warlords, clan leaders and so-called “intellectuals” who utilize tribalism for self-serving, opportunistic ends. In summary, this is the real tragedy of Somalia. However, hope survives in the two peaceful regions of Northern Somalia. The way forward is the eventual reunification of all Somali factions and the emergence of a nationalist leader capable of taking on this daunting task. The dream of rebuilding a country and a nation does not happen over night, but is the achievement of subsequent generations and requires collective endeavors. Accordingly, four major issues significant to the rebuilding of the Somali state are discussed. These are: The role of clans in Somalia’s future politics; The competing and conflicting interpretations of different Islamic schools and their impact on Somalia; The role of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG); and The challenges confronting the TFG, the African Union (AU) and the international community in developing Somalia’s security and national economy.
Author :Mai Al-khaja Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948008413 Total Pages :17 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (48 download)
Book Synopsis Modern Teaching Aids and their Impact on the Process of Learning by : Mai Al-khaja
Download or read book Modern Teaching Aids and their Impact on the Process of Learning written by Mai Al-khaja and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2006-07-11 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the issue of using modern technologies in education, the resulting benefits and its impact on the education process such as the teacher and student relationship. The study focuses on the issue in the light of the present widespread use of technology in all aspects of life. The study group was composed of FHSC staff, involving 120 out a total number of 186 employees. The study revealed that a large percentage of FHSC staff made use of modern technology in educational activities, irrespective of their nationalities, academic ranks, fields of specialization, past experience and kind of training they received for the use of such technologies. The study revealed that the beneficial aspects of the process were greater than the adverse effects for the educational process. The study revealed the diversification and modernization in the methods of education and that the knowledge and use of such methods predominantly depends on personal effort. Moreover, the study revealed that all staff members believed in the importance on the use of modern technology, but also thought that it cannot be a substitute for the human factor, because human interaction is indispensable. The study revealed that 25% of the FHSC staff were UAE nationals and that the percentage of nationals using education technologies in the educational process was 100%.
Author :Michael Rose Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948006550 Total Pages :15 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (48 download)
Book Synopsis Conflict Resolution in the Post-Cold War World by : Michael Rose
Download or read book Conflict Resolution in the Post-Cold War World written by Michael Rose and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2004-03-10 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although US foreign policy is still based on the desire to secure freedom, justice and democracy for all people - a vision which is shared by most Western nations - following the attacks against US targets on the September 11, 2001 (9/11), President Bush declared that the elimination of international terrorism had become a first priority for America. However, a determination to use military force in order to defend these values and pre-empt attack against America has inevitably altered its relationship with other nations.
Author :Syed Athar Ali Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948144783 Total Pages :13 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis Pakistan’s Security Perspectives by : Syed Athar Ali
Download or read book Pakistan’s Security Perspectives written by Syed Athar Ali and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan’s security matrix is beset by multi-dimensional threats which stem from a host of external and internal factors such as economic deprivation, poverty, drug trafficking, natural disasters, and terrorism. Terrorism and extremism have posed particular challenges for Pakistan; the country has played a leading role in the global campaign against terrorism and has consequently paid a very high price. At the same time, the lack of success achieved by coalition forces in their attempts to create stability in Afghanistan has impeded Pakistani efforts to stabilize its western tribal regions. Nevertheless, in spite of all the challenges, Pakistan feels that it has been generally successful in containing the insurgency and confining it to a limited geographical area through a combination of political and military measures. Pakistan views India as its most important neighbor and seeks a sustained, substantive and result-oriented process of dialogue. Pakistan would like to resolve all outstanding issues with India in a peaceful and just manner. The country attaches great importance to a purposeful, broad-ranging engagement; however, this will require India to play a more positive and accommodating role and respond to Pakistan’s legitimate security concerns. India will not find Pakistan unwilling to write a new chapter in the two countries’ bilateral relations. Positive manifestations of India’s peace initiative can only be seen through the implementation of tangible steps, including a reduction in the defense budget and the prevention of an arms race. The terrorism which prevails today has developed into militancy of dangerous proportions for Pakistan, placing it at the top of the internal security agenda. Terrorism is now a challenge for Pakistan more than any other state. The militants are well equipped, funded, and motivated, and enjoy foreign support. Needless to say, the potential effect of this militancy could be felt both regionally and globally. Therefore, peace and stability in South Asia will remain elusive unless this issue is addressed comprehensively. All stakeholders must remain engaged on a long-term basis if lasting success is to be achieved. Also, a much greater degree of understanding is needed between Pakistan, Afghanistan and coalition forces in order to adopt and apply a common approach on both sides of the Pakistan–Afghanistan border. Pakistan alone cannot bear the burden of responsibility for a global problem whose genesis is to be found elsewhere. The international community must show greater resolve in Afghanistan and more patience towards Pakistan, if we are to succeed. Regional countries would also do well to assist Pakistan in these efforts, rather than exploiting this as an opportunity to malign the country, if the scourge of terrorism is to be erased from South Asia.
Author :Charles A. Kupchan Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948008677 Total Pages :14 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (48 download)
Book Synopsis The US and Europe in the Middle East and Beyond by : Charles A. Kupchan
Download or read book The US and Europe in the Middle East and Beyond written by Charles A. Kupchan and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2007-04-10 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, dealing with the Middle East has proved to be a very divisive issue for the United States and Europe. During the Cold War, heated transatlantic disputes emerged over a host of issues including the Suez Canal, the Palestine–Israel conflict and the containment of Iran. Nonetheless, these differences did not significantly impair transatlantic relations due to the solidarity engendered by the Soviet threat in Europe. With the demise of the Soviet Union, common tasks in Europe no longer overshadow differences in other regions. The United States and Europe follow different approaches on the question of democratization in the Middle East. This difference is rooted in the respective political cultures on each side of the Atlantic. The United States’ appetite for democratization may be awakened by powerful strains of idealism, but it is also limited by powerful strains of isolationism—on one level, the US would prefer to stand aloof from the world, avoiding the dangers and compromises that come with engagement. American politics is not suited to the slow pace of incremental change, the sullying tasks of nation-building and the ambiguities of governing foreign cultures and understanding their practices. No such isolationism pushes Europe toward quick solutions. Indeed, Europe generally prefers slow and incremental movement toward democracy. Europeans favor engaging target states rather than isolating them, bringing about a gradual political transition rather than an abrupt change of regime. Just as it took generations for liberal democracy to take firm root in Western Europe, the EU is patient in its goal of exporting its model to the south and east. Despite the long history of transatlantic tension over the Middle East, some signs of potential convergence have recently emerged. Although the situation in Iraq remains unstable and uncertain, both sides of the Atlantic seem ready to put behind them the open acrimony that surrounded the war; and on Iran, the EU-3 (the United Kingdom, France and Germany) and Washington have been working in unison since early 2005. However, despite recent examples of convergence, considerable transatlantic differences over the Middle East promise to persist, becoming more and less pronounced in step with adverse and positive developments in the region. That these differences are rooted in contrasting historical experiences, political cultures and political systems makes it likely that disagreements over Middle East policy, as in the past, will remain a key source of transatlantic tension in the future.
Author :Emile Nakhleh Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948142284 Total Pages :17 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis A Necessary Engagement by : Emile Nakhleh
Download or read book A Necessary Engagement written by Emile Nakhleh and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lecture focuses on the need for the United States – and other Western countries – to understand the political, social, and ideological trends that have emerged in the Muslim world in recent years, and on the necessity of engaging Muslim communities worldwide. The Obama administration is moving in this direction, as evidenced by President Obama’s Cairo speech of June 4, 2009, and his other statements and media interviews regarding the Muslim world. This lecture is based on my academic research over the years, and my work for the US government from 1990 to 2006. It draws heavily on my two recent publications, and on the numerous visits I have made to more than thirty Muslim counties in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Central, South and Southeast Asia and the Balkans, as well as to several European countries that have Muslim populations. These visits have afforded me the opportunity to engage hundreds of Muslims – thinkers, writers, activists, journalists, politicians, clerics, non-governmental organization (NGO) workers, “jihadists,” liberals, radicals, Sunnis, Shia, and Sufis – in conversations on current developments in the Islamic world and how they view their relations with the outside world, including with the United States. My interviews gave me a clear impression that Muslims – especially those of the well-educated and professional middle classes – throughout most of the present decade have grown increasingly troubled by present relations between the United States and the Islamic world, and even more concerned about the future of these important relations.
Author :Gary Samore Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :994800776X Total Pages :13 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (48 download)
Book Synopsis Meeting Iran’s Nuclear Challenge by : Gary Samore
Download or read book Meeting Iran’s Nuclear Challenge written by Gary Samore and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2005-03-14 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Iran's secret nuclear fuel cycle program began as early as 1985, the full extent of the program was not publicly disclosed until 2002, when details were released of two previously undeclared nuclear facilities. In 2003, Iran, fearing that the US could turn its attention to regime change in Tehran, secretly approached Washington to negotiate an agreement on the nuclear issue. However, Tehran's overtures were spurned by the US, primarily due to evidence linking senior Al-Qaeda officials residing in Iran to a string of bombings in Saudi Arabia. The US proceeded to launch a campaign to convince the IAEA to adopt a resolution threatening to refer Iran to the UN Security Council for past violations of its IAEA safeguards agreement. To avoid referral to the Security Council, Iran reached an agreement with the EU-3 (the United Kingdom, France and Germany) in October 2003 to resolve its past safeguards violations, and accept more intrusive IAEA inspections. In return, the Europeans agreed to counter US efforts to refer Iran to the Security Council. However, by early 2004, as the American predicament in Iraq worsened, an emboldened Iran began to renege on the October 2003 agreement. The EU-3 responded by threatening to refer Iran to the UN Security Council. As a result, a new agreement was reached in November 2004, in which Iran agreed to restore the full suspension of its enrichment and reprocessing programs. In return, the EU-3 again agreed to block referral to the Security Council. Ultimately, a key factor in determining the success or failure of EU-3/Iran talks will be whether the US is prepared to endorse and support an agreement between them.
Author :Wolfgang Amadeus Bruelhart Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948140907 Total Pages :16 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis Human Security by : Wolfgang Amadeus Bruelhart
Download or read book Human Security written by Wolfgang Amadeus Bruelhart and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2008-04-24 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, the number of armed conflicts worldwide has dropped, the number of refugees has declined and human rights violations are reported to be less frequent than during the 1990s. Does this mean that the world has become more peaceful? Not necessarily. It is a fact that 18 percent of the world’s population still lives on less than US$1 per day, atrocious inter-state conflicts are raging across the world, and many problems do not stop at national borders. Most conflicts have an economic dimension. It is also a fact that more and more conflicts are solved through mediation and negotiation. It is therefore important to highlight the influence of companies regarding conflict, the link between economic factors and mediation, and the role of companies in mediation processes. A stable environment is an essential requirement for business activity. Human security helps to create stability. Poverty, under-development and discrimination, on the other hand, create a breeding ground for violent conflict. The areas of activity for political actors seeking to promote human security generally, as well as promote human security through companies, are different. However, the primary goals are the same—stability and security as the prerequisites for economic success and human security. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to assume responsibility and to look for new forms of cooperation. Given the nature of today’s world order and of the existing challenges, a multi-layered cooperation approach between politics and civil society and, above all, between politics and business should be developed. Economic actors must realize that they have an influence on contemporary political events and thus have a responsibility for the creation of stability. Political actors, in turn, need to start accepting greater responsibility and acknowledge that foreign trade policy is not neutral and that they, therefore, need to find the correct balance between economic, social and ecological interests. The private sector, besides maximizing profits, can make a major contribution towards improving human security. Although the “business case” for complying with human rights and for contributing to peace promotion has been made, the connection between ethical behavior and financial performance needs to be established. Although this field has not yet been explored in sufficient depth, studies show that there is no negative correlation between company responsibility and economic performance. The choice should be clear when confronted with the question: shall we simply make profits, or shall we make profits and create additional social benefits?
Author :Judge Rosalyn Higgins Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948140877 Total Pages :27 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis The Role of the International Court of Justice in the Contemporary World by : Judge Rosalyn Higgins
Download or read book The Role of the International Court of Justice in the Contemporary World written by Judge Rosalyn Higgins and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2008-07-15 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established 62 years ago at the end of the Second World War, and is the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) that was functioning at the time of the League of Nations. The ICJ has a dual role: to settle in accordance with international law the legal disputes submitted to it by states; and to give Advisory Opinions on legal questions referred to it by certain organs of the United Nations and duly authorized specialized agencies. Over the past six decades of the ICJ’s existence, the world has changed immensely. Dozens of newly independent countries, especially in Africa and Asia, have entered the world stage, and in the early 1970s, the Gulf states of the UAE, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain came to independence. The ICJ lives in the real world—changes in the world around us have their impact here, too. We have seen an increase in the range and number of states coming to the Court. Seventy nine states have engaged in Court proceedings in the past decade. The Court has handed down 95 judgments in its 60 years of existence. Of those, one-third has been delivered in the last decade. Today approximately 300 treaties refer to the Court in relation to the settlement of disputes arising from their application or interpretation and there has been a distinct trend for states to withdraw reservations they have made to such treaties in earlier years. The UAE, and the Gulf states more generally, are important to the ICJ. Since its establishment in 1971, the UAE has played a vital role in the affairs of the region, and has decided explicitly to base its foreign policy on the principles outlined in the Charter of the United Nations. It has formed close ties with countries throughout the Middle East and Asia, as well as with western nations. The Court appreciates the UAE’s interest in its work and, as with all parties to the Statute, stands ready to assist the states of the region in conformity with its Charter role.
Author :James H. Breece Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948146794 Total Pages :18 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (481 download)
Book Synopsis The Global Financial Crisis and its Economic Repercussions by : James H. Breece
Download or read book The Global Financial Crisis and its Economic Repercussions written by James H. Breece and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been much attention by the media recently about the causes for the 2007 financial collapse that occurred in the United States, Europe, and other parts of the world, and its linkage to the historic recession that followed. Much of the world was greatly impacted by these disturbances directly or indirectly, and therefore it is necessary to discuss the transmission mechanism that transformed the financial crisis into an economic crisis, or what some would say from “Wall Street to Main Street.” This chain of events has global implications, with different countries and regions feeling the implications differently depending on the level of integration of their financial, labor, and goods and services markets. This textbook chain of events is what took place during 2007 and 2008 to transform the financial crisis into an economic crisis in the United States. However, the real question is not so much about the chain of events that occurred, but rather why the financial crisis and the resulting economic crisis were as severe as they were, both in terms of duration and magnitude. Although recessions occur about every five years, the world has never experienced such a deep or prolonged economic recession such as this, lasting 18 months (where the average duration is 11 months). Consequently, many refer to this recession as the ‘great recession.’ The purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying causes for the magnitude and duration of the great recession and why it spread so far. The supposition of this paper is that the root causes for the severity of the recession were structural shifts in the global and US economies that have been brewing for many years if not decades, and were not based on short-term influences from the business cycle (which may have been responsible for the timing of the recession). Many of these structural shifts should have been detected beforehand and could have been acted upon to prevent, or at least minimize, the devastation that occurred. More importantly, if these trends are not acted upon now and reversed, the United States and European nations may be threatened again by future reoccurring recessions. The events leading up to the financial and economic crises are what I call the making of the ‘perfect economic storm.’
Author :Mark Tessler Publisher :Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research ISBN 13 :9948230310 Total Pages :16 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (482 download)
Book Synopsis The Civic Orientations of Arab Publics: by : Mark Tessler
Download or read book The Civic Orientations of Arab Publics: written by Mark Tessler and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses public opinion data collected as part of the Arab Barometer Survey Project to report on the political and social conceptions and preferences held by ordinary citizens in the Arab world. The findings provide a broad and generally representative overview of the civic orientations held by ordinary men and women in the Arab world. The paper covers a wide range of issues that are highly relevant to the Arab world at the present time, and frequently offers brief assessments of the reasons and/or implications associated with particular findings; in this way it encourages further reflection and future research on the part of others. Finally it calls attention to the availability of the unique resource that Arab Barometer data represent. Both through the Barometer’s website and through the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research at the University of Michigan, interested parties may acquire the AB data in SPSS format. Plans for the fourth wave of AB surveys are in the planning stage. Depending on local conditions and the availability of adequate funding, the fourth wave will continue to expand the number and geographic scope of the countries that are surveyed. Among the priorities for this wave, for which some funding has already been obtained, will be the inclusion of members of the Gulf Cooperation Council.
