The Future Of Nigeria

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The Politics of Biafra: And the Future of Nigeria

Author : Chudi Offodile
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1483461432
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Biafra: And the Future of Nigeria by : Chudi Offodile

Download or read book The Politics of Biafra: And the Future of Nigeria written by Chudi Offodile and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Politics of Biafra is a reflection on the importance of history in addressing present realities and the future co-existence of Nigeria's multi ethnic society. It analyzes the ideological struggles and conflict in Biafra during the war with Nigeria from 1967-1970, the impact of the war and the relevance of those struggles to the current agitations for a new state of Biafra. In this historical and analytical work, the author observes that nearly fifty years after the end of the Nigeria-Biafra war in 1970, Nigeria remains confronted with the Biafra dilemma. No matter its pretensions, Nigeria will at some point have to reform its present pseudo federal arrangement to create a more inclusive, equitable and proper federal structure. If not, the country will continue to face epileptic developmental thrusts, militancy in the Niger Delta and a ruinous intensifying clamor for self-determination by disadvantaged ethnic groups, especially the Igbo. Appendix - Three part essay by Professor Chukwuma Soludo.

Strategic Policy Options for Bracing Nigeria for the Future of Trade

Author : Gbadebo Odularu
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030345521
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Policy Options for Bracing Nigeria for the Future of Trade by : Gbadebo Odularu

Download or read book Strategic Policy Options for Bracing Nigeria for the Future of Trade written by Gbadebo Odularu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the fourth industrial era evolves, the role of blockchain technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and machine learning in transforming national commerce cannot be overemphasized, especially with the expansion of e-commerce in Africa. In other words, technological advancement and innovation are becoming essential to many aspects of Nigerian businesses, thereby considerably enhancing trade and productivity. This book provides a primer on the role that digital technology may play in Nigeria’s trade flows, and the implications for enabling an economy-wide deployment of digitization in trade facilitation. This book analyzes the importance of STI’s contributions to the Nigerian economy, focusing on the transition to digital solutions and their potential to significantly increase trade and commerce. Since AfCFTA’s 2018 launch, academic and political responses to the automation of business have increased. Further, business promotion, aid-for-trade, regional integration and trade facilitation issues are at the forefront of business development policy and intellectual discourse in Nigeria. This book details Nigeria’s business opportunities, capacities and challenges with a special interest in sustainably enhancing the nation’s business ecosystem in the digital age. Through the examination of trade facilitation policies, programs, tools, models and technologies, this book demonstrates Nigeria’s need for strategic public-private partnership in digital trade to foster a more sustainable business future.

The Future of Nigeria

Author : Michael Owhoko
Publisher : Archway Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1480890847
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Nigeria by : Michael Owhoko

Download or read book The Future of Nigeria written by Michael Owhoko and published by Archway Publishing. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the British created Nigeria in 1914 without regard to the cultural differences and incompatibility of the people in the northern and southern protectorates, the nation has been wracked by problems. The Nigerian civil war fought from 1967 to 1970 and the agitation for restructuring of the political system are just a few examples of the violence that has crippled the nation. With the Nigerian people issuing a sustained call for change, it’s clear that they are not satisfied with the current system of government. So far, leaders have not responded to the discontent, but they’d be well served by holding a referendum to decide what kind of political system to adopt. The referendum must be conducted if Nigeria has any chance of stepping away from the precipice. With a plebiscite, the government would not only make headway on overcoming the problems but regain the trust of its people under an acceptable system of government and reposition the country with clear direction. If Nigerians don’t continue to demand change – and if leaders don’t pay attention to them – the country will continue to be plagued by discontent, ethnicism, disunity, unpatriotism and nepotism, leading to balkanization of Nigeria. This book – an updated version of Nigeria on the Precipice – highlights topics such as: • how minerals and other natural resources across Nigeria can support federalism; • why leaders continue to seek ethnic gains at the expense of national interest; • why militancy, self-determination have emerged as a sign of discontent.

Nigeria and the Nation-State

Author : John Campbell
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538197812
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Nigeria and the Nation-State by : John Campbell

Download or read book Nigeria and the Nation-State written by John Campbell and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2024-08-13 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nigeria, despite being the African country of greatest strategic importance to the U.S., remains poorly understood. John Campbell explains why Nigeria is so important to understand in a world of jihadi extremism, corruption, oil conflict, and communal violence. The revised edition provides updates through the recent presidential election.

Nigerian Unity

Author : Gerald McLoughlin
Publisher : Army War College Press
ISBN 13 : 9781584875772
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Nigerian Unity by : Gerald McLoughlin

Download or read book Nigerian Unity written by Gerald McLoughlin and published by Army War College Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nigeria¿s future as a unified state is in jeopardy. Those who make or execute U.S. policy will find it difficult to advance U.S. interests in Africa without an understanding of the pressures that tear and bind Nigeria. Despite this, the centrifugal forces that tear at the country and the centripetal forces that have kept it whole are not well understood and rarely examined. After establishing Nigeria¿s importance to the United State as a cohesive and functioning state, this monograph examines the historic, religious, cultural, political, physical, demographic, and economic factors that will determine Nigeria¿s fate. It identifies the specific fault lines along which Nigeria may divide. It concludes with practical policy recommendations for the United States to support Nigerians in their efforts to maintain a functioning and integrated state, and, by so doing, advance U.S. interests.

Nigeria

Author : John Campbell
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1442221585
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Nigeria by : John Campbell

Download or read book Nigeria written by John Campbell and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2013-06-06 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nigeria, the United States’ most important strategic partner in West Africa, is in grave trouble. While Nigerians often claim they are masters of dancing on the brink without falling off, the disastrous administration of President Goodluck Jonathan, the radical Islamic insurrection Boko Haram, and escalating violence in the delta and the north may finally provide the impetus that pushes it into the abyss of state failure. In this thoroughly updated edition, John Campbellexplores Nigeria’s post-colonial history and presents a nuanced explanation of the events and conditions that have carried this complex, dynamic, and very troubled giant to the edge. Central to his analysis are the oil wealth, endemic corruption, and elite competition that have undermined Nigeria’s nascent democratic institutions and alienated an increasingly impoverished population. However, state failure is not inevitable, nor is it in the interest of the United States. Campbell provides concrete new policy options that would not only allow the United States to help Nigeria avoid state failure but also to play a positive role in Nigeria’s political, social, and economic development.

Nigeria’s University Age

Author : Tim Livsey
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137565055
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Nigeria’s University Age by : Tim Livsey

Download or read book Nigeria’s University Age written by Tim Livsey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the world of Nigerian universities to offer an innovative perspective on the history of development and decolonisation from the 1930s to the 1960s. Using political, cultural and spatial approaches, the book shows that Nigerians and foreign donors alike saw the nation’s new universities as vital institutions: a means to educate future national leaders, drive economic growth, and make a modern Nigeria. Universities were vibrant places, centres of nightlife, dance, and the construction of spectacular buildings, as well as teaching and research. At universities, students, scholars, visionaries, and rebels considered and contested colonialism, the global Cold War, and the future of Nigeria. University life was shaped by, and formative to, experiences of development and decolonisation. The book will be of interest to historians of Africa, empire, education, architecture, and the Cold War.

Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria

Author : J. Isawa Elaigwu
Publisher : Adonis & Abbey Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria by : J. Isawa Elaigwu

Download or read book Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria written by J. Isawa Elaigwu and published by Adonis & Abbey Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1966, a soft-spoken 32-year old man emerged from relative obscurity and humble background to become Nigeria's Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. His name was Lt Col (later General)Yakubu Gowon. He emerged as the compromise candidate following the political crisis that engulfed the country after the July 1966 military coup that had led to the assassination of the country's first military Head of State, General Aguiyi Ironsi. At the end of the Civil War in 1970, General Gowon's doctrine of 'No Victor No Vanquished' greatly endeared him to many, and he was variously dubbed 'Abraham Lincoln of Nigeria', 'a soft spoken but dynamic leader' 'a real gentleman' and 'an almost faultless administrator'. However, after he was overthrown in a military coup in July 1975, long knives were drawn out for him, with the hitherto friendly press and public crying 'crucify him', and now variously vilifying him as 'weak' and of managing a purposeless administration that had led to the 'drifting' of the nation. In this book Professor J. Isawa Elaigwu attempts a scholarly political biography of someone he believes has rendered great ser-vices to the Nigerian nation despite his weaknesses as a leader. He rejects the notion that Gowon's nine years in office were 'nine years of failure' as the General's ardent critics posit, arguing that if it is possible to identify a number of thresholds in his administration, it is also possible to identify the approxi-mate point in time when the strains of his administration became visible to observers and the public in general. He poses and methodically seeks answers to a number of fundamental questions: Who was Yakubu Gowon? Why and how was the reservoir of goodwill and credibility which he had accumulated by the end of the Civil War expended? What image of Nigeria did he have when he came into power? And did he ever achieve his objectives? The book, first published in 1986, has been revised and expanded for this edition ____________________________________ Dr. J. Isawa Elaigwu is Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria. He is currently the President of the Institute of Governance and Social Research (IGSR), Jos, Nigeria. A widely travelled academic, Professor Elaigwu's works have been widely published within and outside Nigeria. He has also served as a consultant to many national and international agencies.

Reforming the Unreformable

Author : Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262526875
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming the Unreformable by : Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala

Download or read book Reforming the Unreformable written by Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A report on development economics in action, by a crucial player in Nigeria's recent reforms. Corrupt, mismanaged, and seemingly hopeless: that's how the international community viewed Nigeria in the early 2000s. Then Nigeria implemented a sweeping set of economic and political changes and began to reform the unreformable. This book tells the story of how a dedicated and politically committed team of reformers set out to fix a series of broken institutions, and in the process repositioned Nigeria's economy in ways that helped create a more diversified springboard for steadier long-term growth. The author, Harvard- and MIT-trained economist Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, currently Nigeria's Coordinating Minister for the Economy and Minister of Finance and formerly Managing Director of the World Bank, played a crucial part in her country's economic reforms. In Nigeria's Debt Management Office, and later as Minister of Finance, she spearheaded negotiations with the Paris Club that led to the wiping out of $30 billion of Nigeria's external debt, 60 percent of which was outright cancellation. Reforming the Unreformable offers an insider's view of those debt negotiations; it also details the fight against corruption and the struggle to implement a series of macroeconomic and structural reforms. This story of development economics in action, written from the front lines of economic reform in Africa, offers a unique perspective on the complex and uncertain global economic environment.

Nigeria

Author : John Campbell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190658002
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Nigeria by : John Campbell

Download or read book Nigeria written by John Campbell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the "Giant of Africa" Nigeria is home to about twenty percent of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa, serves as Africa's largest producer of oil and natural gas, comprises Africa's largest economy, and represents the cultural center of African literature, film, and music. Yet the country is plagued by problems that keep it from realizing its potential as a world power. Boko Haram, a radical Islamist insurrection centered in the northeast of the country, is an ongoing security challenge, as is the continuous unrest in the Niger Delta, the heartland of Nigeria's petroleum wealth. There is also persistent violence associated with land and water use, ethnicity, and religion. In Nigeria: What Everyone Needs to Know®, John Campbell and Matthew Page provide a rich contemporary overview of this crucial African country. Delving into Nigeria's recent history, politics, and culture, this volume tackles essential questions related to widening inequality, the historic 2015 presidential election, the persistent security threat of Boko Haram, rampant government corruption, human rights concerns, and the continual conflicts that arise in a country that is roughly half Christian and half Muslim. With its continent-wide influence in a host of areas, Nigeria's success as a democracy is in the fundamental interest of its African neighbors, the United States, and the international community. This book will provide interested readers with an accessible, one-of-a-kind overview of the country.

Socio-Cultural and Religious Conflicts and the Future of Nigeria

Author : Lotanna Olisaemeka
Publisher : LIT Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3643957564
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (439 download)

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Book Synopsis Socio-Cultural and Religious Conflicts and the Future of Nigeria by : Lotanna Olisaemeka

Download or read book Socio-Cultural and Religious Conflicts and the Future of Nigeria written by Lotanna Olisaemeka and published by LIT Verlag. This book was released on 2022-12-10 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the prevailing violent conflict situation of our world, perpetuated sometimes even in the name of religion, humanity today faces extinction. To reverse this ugly trend, humanity has no choice than to build a society where every tribe and tongue can coexist in peace. This work analyzed the violent conflicts from anthropological, behavioral, politico-philosophical, and theological perspectives, and makes a demand on humanity to save herself through proper education and dialogue with all men and religions. Lotanna Olisaemeka is a researcher in Missiology affiliated with the Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule, Vallendar, Germany.

The Politics of Biafra: And the Future of Nigeria

Author : Chudi Offodile
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1483461440
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Biafra: And the Future of Nigeria by : Chudi Offodile

Toward Climate-Resilient Development in Nigeria

Author : Raffaello Cervigni
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821399241
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward Climate-Resilient Development in Nigeria by : Raffaello Cervigni

Download or read book Toward Climate-Resilient Development in Nigeria written by Raffaello Cervigni and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-08-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If not addressed in time, climate change is expected to exacerbate Nigeria’s current vulnerability to weather swings and limit its ability to achieve and sustain the objectives of Vision 20:2020 [as defined in http://www.npc.gov.ng /home/doc.aspx?mCatID=68253]. The likely impacts include: • A long-term reduction in crop yields of 20–30 percent • Declining productivity of livestock, with adverse consequences on livelihoods • Increase in food imports (up to 40 percent for rice long term) • Worsening prospects for food security, particularly in the north and the southwest • A long-term decline in GDP of up to 4.5 percent The impacts may be worse if the economy diversifies away from agriculture more slowly than Vision 20:2020 anticipates, or if there is too little irrigation to counter the effects of rising temperatures on rain-fed yields. Equally important, investment decisions made on the basis of historical climate may be wrong: projects ignoring climate change might be either under- or over-designed, with losses (in terms of excess capital costs or foregone revenues) of 20–40 percent of initial capital in the case of irrigation or hydropower. Fortunately, there is a range of technological and management options that make sense, both to better handle current climate variability and to build resilience against a harsher climate: • By 2020 sustainable land management practices applied to 1 million hectares can offset most of the expected shorter-term yield decline; gradual extension of these practices to 50 percent of cropland, possibly combined with extra irrigation, can also counter-balance longer-term climate change impacts. • Climate-smart planning and design of irrigation and hydropower can more than halve the risks and related costs of making the wrong investment decision. The Federal Government could consider 10 short-term priority responses to build resilience to both current climate variability and future change through actions to improve climate governance across sectors, research and extension in agriculture, hydro-meteorological systems; integration of climate factors into the design of irrigation and hydropower projects, and mainstreaming climate concerns into priority programs, such as the Agriculture Transformation Agenda.

Power Shift

Author : Nonso Nnamani
Publisher : Nonso Nnamani
ISBN 13 : 9789789873623
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (736 download)

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Book Synopsis Power Shift by : Nonso Nnamani

Download or read book Power Shift written by Nonso Nnamani and published by Nonso Nnamani. This book was released on 2021-04-07 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a guide to those who wish to venture into politics and those who want to see real transformation in Nigeria.This book is written for people who want to run for political office, aspire to a career in politics, and the silent majority who do not know that their actions and inactions are contributing to the way Nigeria is. Politics in Nigeria is not a completely flawed system, there is a way out.This book also clears general misconceptions many people have about politics and paints a clear picture of practical actions one can take to run and win elections in Nigeria. Power Shift is a must-read for anyone who is planning to participate in the election for the first time in Nigeria. It will save you time and resources.This book also outlines key strategies that will make third force political platforms work and how new political or opposition parties can strengthen their opportunities for future success. This is a practical guide for building a political movement from scratch. Nonso is a reliable, goal-oriented, inspirational and motivational leader, one with strong analytical capacity, who brings all his skills and abilities to the table. His ability to effortlessly pour his wealth of experience in a way that takes the reader on a smooth journey from page to page is mesmerizing, demonstrating his rich understanding of leadership in a practical sense. This work is superlative and a must read for every young and aspiring leader.Dr. Osita Okonkwo Public Health Policy and Management Consultant.Mr. Nonso Nnamani's passion, vision, and wealth of political wisdom is an asset to Nigeria and this generation. His book titled 'Power Shift' is an opportunity for every Nigerian to have a good share of his winning and fail-proof political strategy. I endorse and recommend Power Shift for every aspiring and emerging leader. This book can give you the missing link between your political aspiration and achievement. It was a great read for me. Dr. Jay Osi SamuelsFormer National ChairmanAlliance for New Nigeria (ANN)Nonso Nnamani is a transformation expert, engineer, entrepreneur, leader and politician. With a background in IT and human development. He served as a President of the Student Union Government while in University, pioneer State Chairman, Alliance for New Nigeria political party, and also ran for House of Assembly on the platform of Alliance for New Nigeria.

Low-Carbon Development

Author : Raffaello Cervigni
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821399268
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Low-Carbon Development by : Raffaello Cervigni

Download or read book Low-Carbon Development written by Raffaello Cervigni and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-08-05 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federal Government of Nigeria has adopted an ambitious strategy to make Nigeria the world’s 20th largest economy by 2020. Sustaining such a pace of growth will entail rapid expansion of the level of activity in key carbon-emitting sectors, such as power, oil and gas, agriculture and transport. In the absence of policies to accompany economic growth with a reduced carbon foot-print, emissions of greenhouse gases could more than double in the next two decades. This study finds that there are several options for Nigeria to achieve the development objectives of vision 20:2020 and beyond, but stabilizing emissions at 2010 levels, and with domestic benefits in the order of 2 percent of GDP. These benefits include cheaper and more diversified electricity sources; more efficient operation of the oil and gas industry; more productive and climate –resilient agriculture; and better transport services, resulting in fuel economies, better air quality, and reduced congestion. The study outlines several actions that the Federal Government could undertake to facilitate the transition towards a low carbon economy, including enhanced governance for climate action, integration of climate consideration in the Agriculture Transformation Agenda, promotion of energy efficiency programs, scale-up of low carbon technologies in power generation (such as renewables an combined cycle gas turbines), and enhance vehicle fuel efficiency.

Infrastructure Development in Nigeria

Author : Michael O. Onolememen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000026353
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Infrastructure Development in Nigeria by : Michael O. Onolememen

Download or read book Infrastructure Development in Nigeria written by Michael O. Onolememen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the politics and economics of infrastructure development in Nigeria from Independence in 1960 up to 2015, and the role of good governance in promoting the socioeconomic wellbeing of citizens. Arguing for the need for transformational leadership in infrastructure development, the chapters examine policy issues and survey the various administrative, economic, and social-political reforms that have impacted infrastructure development in Nigeria. The author also discusses current national development plans and Vision 20:2020; challenges to infrastructure development, including corruption; and the future potential of a strong infrastructure network for the economy and citizens. Drawing upon his experience within government departments, as well as existing models of leadership and governance, the author explores the role of infrastructure development in promoting the wellbeing and growth of Nigeria. Combining theory with practical examples of good governance, this book will be of interest for students and researchers of political science and infrastructure development in Africa.

Economic Diversification in Nigeria

Author : Zainab Usman
Publisher : Zed Books
ISBN 13 : 1786993953
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Diversification in Nigeria by : Zainab Usman

Download or read book Economic Diversification in Nigeria written by Zainab Usman and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 2023-12-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nigeria has for long been regarded as the poster child for the 'curse' of oil wealth. Yet despite this, Nigeria achieved strong economic growth for over a decade in the 21st century, driven largely by policy reforms in non-oil sectors. This open access book argues that Nigeria's major development challenge is not the 'oil curse', but rather one of achieving economic diversification beyond oil, subsistence agriculture, informal activities, and across its subnational entities. Through analysis drawing on economic data, policy documents, and interviews, Usman argues that Nigeria's challenge of economic diversification is situated within the political setting of an unstable distribution of power among individual, group, and institutional actors. Since the turn of the century, policymaking by successive Nigerian governments has, despite superficial partisan differences, been oriented towards short-term crisis management of macroeconomic stabilization, restoring growth and selective public sector reforms. To diversify Nigeria's economy, this book argues that successive governments must reorient towards a consistent focus on pro-productivity and pro-poor policies, alongside comprehensive civil service and security sector overhaul. These policy priorities, Nigeria's ruling elites are belatedly acknowledging, are crucial to achieving economic transformation; a policy shift that requires a confrontation with the roots of perpetual political crisis, and an attempt to stabilize the balance of power towards equity and inclusion. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.