The French Mandate For Syria

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Syria and the French Mandate

Author : Philip Shukry Khoury
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400858399
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Syria and the French Mandate by : Philip Shukry Khoury

Download or read book Syria and the French Mandate written by Philip Shukry Khoury and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did Syrian political life continue to be dominated by a particular urban elite even after the dramatic changes following the end of four hundred years of Ottoman rule and the imposition of French control? Philip Khoury's comprehensive work discusses this and other questions in the framework of two related conflicts--one between France and the Syrian nationalists, and the other between liberal and radical nationalism. Originally published in 1987. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Occupying Syria under the French Mandate

Author : Daniel Neep
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139536206
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Occupying Syria under the French Mandate by : Daniel Neep

Download or read book Occupying Syria under the French Mandate written by Daniel Neep and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role does military force play during a colonial occupation? The answer seems obvious: coercion crushes local resistance, quashes political dissent and consolidates the dominance of the occupying power. However, as this discerning and theoretically rigorous study suggests, violence can have much more ambiguous consequences. Set in Syria during the French Mandate from 1920 to 1946, the book explores a turbulent period in which conflict between armed Syrian insurgents and French military forces not only determined the strategic objectives of the colonial state, but also transformed how the colonial state organised, controlled and understood Syrian society, geography and population. In addition to the coercive techniques, the book shows how civilian technologies such as urban planning and engineering were also commandeered in the effort to undermine rebel advances. Colonial violence had a lasting effect in Syria, shaping a peculiar form of social order that endured well after the French occupation.

Syria and Lebanon Under the French Mandate

Author : Idir Ouahes
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1838609199
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (386 download)

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Book Synopsis Syria and Lebanon Under the French Mandate by : Idir Ouahes

Download or read book Syria and Lebanon Under the French Mandate written by Idir Ouahes and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: French rule over Syria and Lebanon was premised on a vision of a special French protectorate established through centuries of cultural activity: archaeological, educational and charitable. Initial French methods of organising and supervising cultural activity sought to embrace this vision and to implement it in the exploitation of antiquities, the management and promotion of cultural heritage, the organisation of education and the control of public opinion among the literate classes. However, an examination of the first five years of the League of Nations-assigned mandate, 1920-1925, reveals that French expectations of a protectorate were quickly dashed by widespread resistance to their cultural policies, not simply among Arabists but also among minority groups initially expected to be loyal to the French. The violence of imposing the mandate 'de facto', starting with a landing of French troops in the Lebanese and Syrian coast in 1919 - and followed by extension to the Syrian interior in 1920 - was met by consistent violent revolt. Examining the role of cultural institutions reveals less violent yet similarly consistent contestation of the French mandate. The political discourses emerging after World War I fostered expectations of European tutelages that prepared local peoples for autonomy and independence. Yet, even among the most Francophile of stakeholders, the unfolding of the first years of French rule brought forth entirely different events and methods. In this book, Idir Ouahes provides an in-depth analysis of the shifts in discourses, attitudes and activities unfolding in French and locally-organised institutions such as schools, museums and newspapers, revealing how local resistance put pressure on cultural activity in the early years of the French mandate.

Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East

Author : Benjamin Thomas White
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 0748688935
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (486 download)

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Book Synopsis Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East by : Benjamin Thomas White

Download or read book Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East written by Benjamin Thomas White and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses a study of Syria under the French mandate to show what historical developments led people to start describing themselves and others as 'minorities'.

Colonial Citizens

Author : Elizabeth Thompson
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231106603
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (66 download)

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Book Synopsis Colonial Citizens by : Elizabeth Thompson

Download or read book Colonial Citizens written by Elizabeth Thompson and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First, a colonial welfare state emerged by World War II that recognized social rights of citizens to health, education, and labor protection.

Nazism in Syria and Lebanon

Author : Götz Nordbruch
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134105592
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Nazism in Syria and Lebanon by : Götz Nordbruch

Download or read book Nazism in Syria and Lebanon written by Götz Nordbruch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasingly vibrant political culture emerging in Lebanon and Syria in the 1930s and early 1940s is key to the understanding of local approaches towards the Nazi German regime. For many contemporary observers in Beirut and Damascus, Nazism not only posed a risk to Europe, but threatened to take root in Arab societies as well. In the first publication to reconstruct Lebanese and Syrian encounters with Nazism in the context of an evolving local political culture and to base its analysis on a comprehensive review of Arab, French and German sources, Götz Nordbruch examines the reactions to the rise of Nazism in the countries under French mandate, spanning from fascination and endorsement to the creation of antifascist networks. Against a background of public discourses, local politics and the shifting regional and international settings, this book interprets public assessments of and contact with the Nazi regime as part of an intellectual quest for orientation in the years between the break-up of the Ottoman Empire and national independence.

The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism

Author : Michael Provence
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 029277432X
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism by : Michael Provence

Download or read book The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism written by Michael Provence and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2009-09-17 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical study of the 1925 revolt against French rule in Syria, and how it established a new popular nationalism that helped shape the Middle East. The Great Syrian Revolt of 1925 was the first mass movement against colonial rule in the Middle East. Mobilizing peasants, workers, and army veterans, it was also the region’s largest and longest-lasting anti-colonial insurgency during the inter-war period. Though the revolt failed to liberate Syria from French occupation, it provided a model of popular nationalism and resistance that remains potent in the Middle East today. Each subsequent Arab uprising against foreign rule has repeated the language and tactics of the Great Syrian Revolt. In this work, Michael Provence uses newly released secret colonial intelligence sources, neglected memoirs, and popular memory to tell the story of the revolt from the perspective of its participants. He shows how Ottoman-subsidized military education created a generation of leaders who rebelled against both the French Mandate rulers of Syria and the Syrian elite who helped the colonial regime. This new popular nationalism was unprecedented in the Arab world. Provence shows compellingly that the Great Syrian Revolt was a formative event in shaping the modern Middle East.

Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State

Author : Matthieu Cimino
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030448770
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State by : Matthieu Cimino

Download or read book Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State written by Matthieu Cimino and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-13 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the history of Syria’s borders and boundaries, from their creation (1920) until the civil war (2011) and their contestation by the Islamic State or the Kurdish movement. The volume’s main objective is to reconsider the “artificial” character of the Syrian territory and to reveal the processes by which its borders were shaped and eventually internalized by the country’s main actors. Based on extensive archival research, the book first documents the creation and stabilization of Syrian borders before and during the mandates period (nineteenth century to 1946), studying Ottoman and French territorialization strategies but also emphasizing the key role of the borderlands in this process. In turn, it investigates the perceptual boundaries resulting from the conflict, and how they materialized in space. Lastly, it explores the geographical and political imaginaries of non-state actors (PYD, ISIS) that emerged from the war.

The Makers of Modern Syria

Author : Sami Moubayed
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1838609474
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (386 download)

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Book Synopsis The Makers of Modern Syria by : Sami Moubayed

Download or read book The Makers of Modern Syria written by Sami Moubayed and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of World War I Syria paved a path towards democracy. Initially as part of the French mandate in the Middle East and latterly as an independent republic, Syria put in place the instruments of democratic government that it was hoped would lead to a stable future. This book tells the story of Syria's formative years, using previously-unseen material from the personal papers of Ahmad Sharabati, a prominent nationalist who served in different capacities during colonial times and early independence, first as minister of defense and then as minister of education. His experiences and those of others of his generation tell the story of Syria's short-lived democratic years, up to the union with Egypt as the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961.

Post-colonial Syria and Lebanon

Author : Youssef Chaitani
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857715836
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-colonial Syria and Lebanon by : Youssef Chaitani

Download or read book Post-colonial Syria and Lebanon written by Youssef Chaitani and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2007-04-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex relationship between Syria and Lebanon is the political fulcrum of the Middle East, and has dominated headlines since the withdrawal of French colonial forces from the Levant in 1943. One of the great paradoxes of this relationship is how two such very different political systems emerged in what many Syrian and Lebanese people see as one society. At the time of independence, it was assumed that only the divide-and-rule strategies of foreign powers kept the Arab peoples artificially separated. In this major new book, Youssef Chaitani examines how, despite the prevalence of Arab nationalism and the regression of imperial interference, Syria and Lebanon became more divided, rather than more integrated in the post-independence period. Drawing on untapped sources from the archives of Western foreign offices and the local press, Chaitani uncovers the strategies and motivations of both countries' elites during this period, and produces conclusions which have major implications for our understanding of Arab nationalism, as well as the complexities of the Syrian-Lebanese relationship.

Syria

Author : Alan George
Publisher : Zed Books
ISBN 13 : 9781842772133
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Syria by : Alan George

Download or read book Syria written by Alan George and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 2003-04 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the testimony of key players, "Syria: Neither Bread nor Freedom" recounts the drama of the "Damascus Spring" and its repression, and reveals what happens in a state like Syria to the institutions that occupy the political space between government and governed. From political parties to parliament; from the media to the judicial system and universities, the official veil of rhetoric and propaganda is lifted to reveal a system so demoralized and corrupted that power is wielded for no purpose but power itself; a system which, as Bashar al-Assad himself is discovering, is virtually incapable of reform.

From Peoples Into Nations

Author : John Connelly
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691167125
Total Pages : 966 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis From Peoples Into Nations by : John Connelly

Download or read book From Peoples Into Nations written by John Connelly and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peoples of Eastern Europe -- Ethnicity on the edge of extinction -- Linguistic nationalism -- Nationality struggles : from idea to movement -- Insurgent nationalism : Serbia and Poland -- Cursed are the peacemakers : 1848 in East Central Europe -- The reform that made the monarchy unreformable : the 1867 compromise -- 1878 Berlin Congress : Europe's new ethno-nation states -- The origins of National Socialism : fin de siecle Hungary and Bohemia -- Liberalism's heirs and enemies : socialism vs. nationalism -- Peasant utopias : villages of yesterday and societies of tomorrow -- 1919 : a new Europe and its old problems -- The failure of national self-determination -- Fascism takes root : Iron Guard and Arrow Cross -- East Europe's anti-fascism -- Hitler's war and its East European enemies -- What Dante did not see : the Holocaust in Eastern Europe -- People's democracy : early postwar Eastern Europe -- Cold War and Stalinism -- Destalinization : Hungary's revolution -- National paths to communism : the 1960s -- 1968 and the Soviet bloc : reform communism -- Real existing socialism : life in the Soviet bloc -- The unraveling of communism -- 1989 -- East Europe explodes : the wars of Yugoslav succession -- East Europe joins Europe.

Syria, the Strength of an Idea

Author : Karim Atassi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110718360X
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Syria, the Strength of an Idea by : Karim Atassi

Download or read book Syria, the Strength of an Idea written by Karim Atassi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the construction of the Syrian state over the last 100 years and decodes the events of the current crisis.

State and Tribes in Syria

Author : Haian Dukhan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351025406
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis State and Tribes in Syria by : Haian Dukhan

Download or read book State and Tribes in Syria written by Haian Dukhan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State and Tribes in Syria: Informal Alliances and Conflict Patterns explores the policies of the successive Syrian governments towards the Arab tribes and their reactions to these policies. The book examines the consequences of the relationship between state and tribe since the fall of the Ottoman Empire and its withdrawal from Syria in 1916 until the eruption of the current Syrian civil war. Throughout history and up to the present day, tribalism continues to influence many issues related to governance, conflict and stability in the Middle East and North Africa. The book provides a dissection of a crucial, but neglected axis of the current crisis on the relationship between the state and the tribes. The research draws on data gathered through interviews with members of Syrian tribes, as well as written literature in various languages including English, Arabic and French. The book combines the research focus of political scientists and anthropologists by relating the local patterns (communities and tribal affiliations) to the larger system (state institutions and policies) of which they are a part. State and Tribes in Syria: Informal Alliances and Conflict Patterns advances our knowledge of an under-studied component of the Syrian society: the tribes. Therefore it is a vital resource for students, scholars and policymakers interested in Syrian Studies and Middle Eastern Studies.

The Mexican Mahjar

Author : Camila Pastor
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477314644
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mexican Mahjar by : Camila Pastor

Download or read book The Mexican Mahjar written by Camila Pastor and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This prize-winning study of Levantine migration to Mexico brings “a new and revelatory light” to the subject (Christina Civantos, author of Between Argentines and Arabs). In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, migration from the Middle East brought hundreds of thousands of people to the Americas. After a pause during World War I, this intense mobility resumed in the 1920s and continued through the 1940s under the French Mandate. A significant number of these migrants settled in Mexico, building transnational lives. The Mexican Mahjar provides the first global history of Middle Eastern migrations to Mexico. Making unprecedented use of French colonial archives and historical ethnography, Camila Pastor examines how French control over Syria and Lebanon affected the migrants. This study explores issues of class, race, and gender through the decades of increased immigration to Mexico, looking at narratives created by the migrants themselves. Pastor sheds new light on the creation of transnational networks at the intersection of Arab, French, and Mexican colonial modernisms. Revealing how migrants experienced mobility as conquest, diaspora, exile, or pilgrimage, The Mexican Mahjar tracks global history on an intimate scale. Winner of the 2018 Khayrallah Prize in Migration Studies

How the West Stole Democracy from the Arabs

Author : Elizabeth F. Thompson
Publisher : Atlantic Books
ISBN 13 : 161185900X
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (118 download)

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Book Synopsis How the West Stole Democracy from the Arabs by : Elizabeth F. Thompson

Download or read book How the West Stole Democracy from the Arabs written by Elizabeth F. Thompson and published by Atlantic Books. This book was released on 2020-05-07 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Europe's Great War engulfed the Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalists rose in revolt against their Turkish rulers and allied with the British on the promise of an independent Arab state. In October 1918, the Arabs' military leader, Prince Faisal, victoriously entered Damascus and proclaimed a constitutional government in an independent Greater Syria. Faisal won American support for self-determination at the Paris Peace Conference, but other Entente powers plotted to protect their colonial interests. Under threat of European occupation, the Syrian-Arab Congress declared independence on March 8, 1920 and crowned Faisal king of a 'civil representative monarchy.' Sheikh Rashid Rida, the most prominent Islamic thinker of the day, became Congress president and supervised the drafting of a constitution that established the world's first Arab democracy and guaranteed equal rights for all citizens, including non-Muslims. But France and Britain refused to recognize the Damascus government and instead imposed a system of mandates on the pretext that Arabs were not yet ready for self-government. In July 1920, the French invaded and crushed the Syrian state. The fragile coalition of secular modernizers and Islamic reformers that had established democracy was destroyed, with profound consequences that reverberate still. Using previously untapped primary sources, including contemporary newspaper accounts, reports of the Syrian-Arab Congress, and letters and diaries from participants, How the West Stole Democracy from the Arabs is a groundbreaking account of an extraordinary, brief moment of unity and hope - and of its destruction.

Engendering Transnational Transgressions

Author : Eileen Boris
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000222799
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Engendering Transnational Transgressions by : Eileen Boris

Download or read book Engendering Transnational Transgressions written by Eileen Boris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engendering Transnational Transgressions reclaims the transgressive side of feminist history, challenging hegemonic norms and the power of patriarchies. Through the lenses of intersectionality, gender analysis, and transnational feminist theory, it addresses the political in public and intimate spaces. The book begins by highlighting the transgressive nature of feminist historiography. It then divides into two parts—Part I, Intimate Transgressions: Marriage and Sexuality, examines marriage and divorce as viewed through a transnational lens, and Part II, Global Transgressions: Networking for Justice and Peace, considers political and social violence as well as struggles for relief, redemption, and change by transnational networks of women. Chapters are archivally grounded and take a critical approach that underscores the local in the global and the significance of intersectional factors within the intimate. They bring into conversation literatures too often separated: history of feminisms and anti-war, anti-imperial/anti-fascist, and related movements, on the one hand, and studies of gender crossings, marriage reconstitution, and affect and subjectivities, on the other. In so doing, the book encourages the reader to rethink standard interpretations of rights, equality, and recognition. This is the ideal volume for students and scholars of Women’s and Gender History and Women’s and Gender Studies, as well as International, Transnational, and Global History, History of Social Movements, and related specialized topics.