The Fragmentation Of Reason

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The Fragmentation of Reason

Author : Stephen P. Stich
Publisher : Bradford Books
ISBN 13 : 9780262192934
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (929 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fragmentation of Reason by : Stephen P. Stich

Download or read book The Fragmentation of Reason written by Stephen P. Stich and published by Bradford Books. This book was released on 1990 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Descartes to Popper, philosophers have criticized and tried to improve the strategies of reasoning invoked in science and in everyday life. In recent years leading cognitive psychologists have painted a detailed, controversial, and highly critical portrait of common sense reasoning. Stephen Stich begins with a spirited defense of this work and a critique of those writers who argue that widespread irrationality is a biological or conceptual impossibility. Stich then explores the nature of rationality and irrationality: What is it that distinguishes good reasoning from bad? He rejects the most widely accepted approaches to this question approaches which unpack rationality by appeal to truth, to reflective equilibrium or conceptual analysis. The alternative he defends grows out of the pragmatic tradition in which reasoning is viewed as a cognitive tool. Stich's version of pragmatism leads to a radical epistemic relativism and he argues that the widespread abhorrence of relativism is ill founded. Stephen Stich is Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University and author of From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science.

The Good Project

Author : Monika Krause
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022613153X
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis The Good Project by : Monika Krause

Download or read book The Good Project written by Monika Krause and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-06-19 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NGOs set out to save lives, relieve suffering, and service basic human needs. They are committed to serving people across national borders and without regard to race, ethnicity, gender, or religion, and they offer crucial help during earthquakes, tsunamis, wars, and pandemics. But with so many ailing areas in need of assistance, how do these organizations decide where to go—and who gets the aid? In The Good Project, Monika Krause dives into the intricacies of the decision-making process at NGOs and uncovers a basic truth: It may be the case that relief agencies try to help people but, in practical terms, the main focus of their work is to produce projects. Agencies sell projects to key institutional donors, and in the process the project and its beneficiaries become commodities. In an effort to guarantee a successful project, organizations are incentivized to help those who are easy to help, while those who are hardest to help often receive no assistance at all. The poorest of the world are made to compete against each other to become projects—and in exchange they offer legitimacy to aid agencies and donor governments. Sure to be controversial, The Good Project offers a provocative new perspective on how NGOs succeed and fail on a local and global level.

The Fragmentation of Being

Author : Kris McDaniel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191030384
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fragmentation of Being by : Kris McDaniel

Download or read book The Fragmentation of Being written by Kris McDaniel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fragmentation of Being offers answers to some of the most fundamental questions in ontology. There are many kinds of beings but are there also many kinds of being? The world contains a variety of objects, each of which, let us provisionally assume, exists, but do some objects exist in different ways? Do some objects enjoy more being or existence than other objects? Are there different ways in which one object might enjoy more being than another? Most contemporary metaphysicians would answer "no" to each of these questions. So widespread is this consensus that the questions this book addressed are rarely even raised let alone explicitly answered. But Kris McDaniel carefully examines a wide range of reasons for answering each of these questions with a "yes". In doing so, he connects these questions with many important metaphysical topics, including substance and accident, time and persistence, the nature of ontological categories, possibility and necessity, presence and absence, persons and value, ground and consequence, and essence and accident. In addition to discussing contemporary problems and theories, McDaniel also discusses the ontological views of many important figures in the history of philosophy, including Aquinas, Aristotle, Descartes, Heidegger, Husserl, Kant, Leibniz, Meinong, and many more.

The Fragmentation of U.S. Health Care

Author : Einer Elhauge
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 019539013X
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fragmentation of U.S. Health Care by : Einer Elhauge

Download or read book The Fragmentation of U.S. Health Care written by Einer Elhauge and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2010 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is the American health care system so fragmented in the care it gives patients? This title approaches this question and more with a highly interdisciplinary approach. The articles included in the work address legal and regulatory issues, including laws that mandate separate payments for each provider.

Fragmentation and Consensus

Author : Mark G. Kuczewski
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781589013247
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Fragmentation and Consensus by : Mark G. Kuczewski

Download or read book Fragmentation and Consensus written by Mark G. Kuczewski and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 1999-06-29 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both communitarianism and casuistry have sought to restore ethics as a practical science—the former by incorporating various traditions into a shared definition of the common good, the latter by considering the circumstances of each situation through critical reasoning. Mark G. Kuczewski analyzes the origins and methods of these two approaches and forges from them a new unified approach. This approach takes the communitarian notion of the person as its starting point but also relies upon the narrative and analogical tools of case-based reasoning. He separates out the rhetoric that is incongruent with the Aristotelian aspirations of each method to show that the two are complementary, and that consensus can emerge from fragmentation. He then applies his resulting method to three major problems in bioethics: the difficulties that the issue of personal identity poses for advance directives, the role of the family in medical decision making, and the refusal of treatment because of religious beliefs. He analyzes the need to assume a communitarian notion of the person as a starting point for the application of casuistic insights. Combining theoretical, practical, and scholarly insights, this book will be of interest to philosophers, political and social scientists, and bioethicists.

The Nature of Reasoning

Author : Jacqueline P. Leighton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521810906
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nature of Reasoning by : Jacqueline P. Leighton

Download or read book The Nature of Reasoning written by Jacqueline P. Leighton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-03 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reasoning to the mind is like breathing to the lungs. We are constantly doing it, but rarely take notice. If it fails, however, we are paralyzed. Imagine being unable to infer conclusions from a conversation or being unable to reach a solution to an important life problem. This book focuses on how people draw conclusions from information and discusses the roles that the brain, our memory, and our knowledge play in drawing conclusions in everyday life.

Common Sense, Reasoning, and Rationality

Author : Renee Elio
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198033680
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Common Sense, Reasoning, and Rationality by : Renee Elio

Download or read book Common Sense, Reasoning, and Rationality written by Renee Elio and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the eleventh volume in the New Directions in Cognitive Science series (formerly the Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science series), this work promises superb scholarship and interdisciplinary appeal. It addresses three areas of current and varied interest: common sense, reasoning, and rationality. While common sense and rationality often have been viewed as two distinct features in a unified cognitive map, this volume offers novel, even paradoxical, views of the relationship. Comprised of outstanding essays from distinguished philosophers, it considers what constitutes human rationality, behavior, and intelligence covering diverse areas of philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, and computer science. Indeed, it is at the forefront of cognitive research and promises to be of unprecedented influence across numerous disciplines.

Georg Picht: A Pioneer in Philosophy, Politics and the Arts

Author : Enno Rudolph
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030317900
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Georg Picht: A Pioneer in Philosophy, Politics and the Arts by : Enno Rudolph

Download or read book Georg Picht: A Pioneer in Philosophy, Politics and the Arts written by Enno Rudolph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-21 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at an international readership, this book offers a representative collection of essays by the German philosopher, Georg Picht (1913-1982), who was a specialist in Greek philosophy, practical philosophy and philosophy of religion. Picht's themes address different disciplines, such as ancient philosophy, systematic philosophy and political analysis, and often contain critical statements on significant developments from the European Enlightenment to the Cold War era. Other essays offer a distinctive interdisciplinary approach characteristic of the author. These contributions are relevant to both philosophy and science as they discuss, for instance, philosophical definitions of space and time or the relationship between history and evolution. Another part of the book includes texts on art that present Picht’s authentic definition of art and his theory of the interdependence of art and politics. • For the first time, key texts of the German philosopher and political thinker Georg Picht are presented to a global readership in English. • Like Nietzsche’s philosophy, Picht’s work is grounded in his outstanding professionalism in the different fields of classics, embracing not only textsand theories of the great thinkers from the pre-Socratic to the post-Aristotelian and Stoic philosophies but also the main currents of ancient literature. • Picht’s importance as a political author and public adviser is exceptional, and may explain why his lifelong friend Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker – another pioneer presented in this series – called him his “teacher”.

Fragmentation in Archaeology

Author : John Chapman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134687540
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Fragmentation in Archaeology by : John Chapman

Download or read book Fragmentation in Archaeology written by John Chapman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fragmentation in Archaeology revolutionises archaeological studies of material culture, by arguing that the deliberate physical fragmentation of objects, and their (often structured) deposition, lies at the core of the archaeology of the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Copper Age of Central and Eastern Europe. John Chapman draws on detailed evidence from the Balkans to explain such phenomena as the mass sherd deposition in pits and the wealth of artefacts found in the Varna cemetery to place the significance of fragmentation within a broad anthropological context.

Fragmentation Phenomena

Author : D Beysens
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814566853
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Fragmentation Phenomena by : D Beysens

Download or read book Fragmentation Phenomena written by D Beysens and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-07-26 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of papers on Fragmentation Phenomena. It includes reviews and reports on the latest developments in fragmentation of soft matter and materials (polymers, colloids, cells, droplets and rocks), fragmentation of microscopic objects (atomic clusters and nuclei), general topics and theoretical approaches. The book addresses students and young scientists as well as researchers in theoretical and experimental aspects of fragmentation phenomena. Contents:Fragmentation of Soft Matter and Materials: Polymers, Colloids, Cells, Droplets and Rocks:Modeling Fine Grinding (C Frances et al.)Disruption of Colliding Drops (A Menchaca-Rocha)The Mechanisms and Kinetics of the Fragmentation of Colloidal Aggregates Induced by Electrostatic and Electrosteric Repulsion (L Ouali et al.)Temperature-Induced Fragmentation of Silica Aggregates (J-M Petit et al.)Stochastic Modeling of Fragmentation and Aggregation Processes — Applications to Particle Clusters and Liquid Drops (R D Gohen)Fragmentation of Microscopic Objects: Atomic Clusters and Atomic Nuclei:Nuclear Waste Transmutation Using Spallation Accelerator (J P Schapira)Photofragmentation of Ionic Carbon Clusters. Evidence of Structural Isomers (P Pradel et al.)Nuclear Fragmentation (W Bauer)INDRA — A 4π Detector for Multifragmentation Studies with Nuclear Collisions (E Plagnol et al.)Projectile Break-Up in Heavy-Ion Collisions in the Fermi Energy Domain (H Fuchs et al.)General Topics:Percolation Approach to Locally Caused Fragmentation (M Anholt et al.)Spontaneous Breaking of Bent Crystals and Related Problems (Y Pomeau)Cell Division and Evolution of Biological Tissues (N Rivier et al.)Statistical Multifragmentation (D H E Gross)Observables in Fragmentation (X Campi & H Krivine)and other papers Readership: Applied physicists, condensed matter physicists, materials scientists, nuclear physicists and statistical physicists. keywords:

Model-Based Reasoning

Author : Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306472442
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (724 download)

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Book Synopsis Model-Based Reasoning by : Lorenzo Magnani

Download or read book Model-Based Reasoning written by Lorenzo Magnani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-05-31 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning considered in this book. The term ‘model’ comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations and are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. The book’s contributors are researchers active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology.

Measurement and Analysis of Blast Fragmentation

Author : Jose A. Sanchidrian Blanco
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203387538
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Measurement and Analysis of Blast Fragmentation by : Jose A. Sanchidrian Blanco

Download or read book Measurement and Analysis of Blast Fragmentation written by Jose A. Sanchidrian Blanco and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fragmentation characteristics influence mucking productivity, crusher throughput and energy consumption, plant efficiency, yield and recovery, or the price itself of the end product in the case of industrial minerals and aggregates. Reliable, quantitative measurements of fragment sizes are instrumental in controlling and optimizing the blasting res

Coherence and Fragmentation in European Private Law

Author : Pia Letto-Vanamo
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3866539657
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Coherence and Fragmentation in European Private Law by : Pia Letto-Vanamo

Download or read book Coherence and Fragmentation in European Private Law written by Pia Letto-Vanamo and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important characteristics of today’s private law is that it increasingly flows from different sources: Next to national legislation and case law, it is also shaped by European and supranational sources and rapidly becoming a mixture of differently oriented rules and principles. This development can be described as one from coherence to fragmentation. The aim of the new book is to consider how this important shift has worked out in different subfields of the law like in contract and property law, in competition, insurance, marketing and private international law as well as in the law of intellectual property. This cross-disciplinary approach shows how pervasive legal fragmentation has become, and points out how to remedy the adverse effects it brings with it. The volume is therefore indispensable for anyone interested in how Europeanisation affects national private laws.

The Fragmented Mind

Author : Cristina Borgoni
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198850670
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fragmented Mind by : Cristina Borgoni

Download or read book The Fragmented Mind written by Cristina Borgoni and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis of mental fragmentation has recently attracted increased attention as a way of explaining facts about mind and language. This volume provides an accessible introduction and essays on foundations and applications of fragmentation.

Michel Meyer's Problematology

Author : Nick Turnbull
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472514017
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Michel Meyer's Problematology by : Nick Turnbull

Download or read book Michel Meyer's Problematology written by Nick Turnbull and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's society, everything is in question. The reflexive questioning of modernity has fundamentally problematized society, including philosophy, which has experienced a crisis of metaphysics. Michel Meyer's problematology answers this crisis by questioning questioning, unfolding a new way of doing philosophy, with special relevance for the study of society. In this first-ever extended treatment of Meyer's work, Nick Turnbull examines the main features of problematology, including the principle of questioning and the deduction of an original conception of difference, based on the question-answer relationship. Turnbull shows how these concepts produce new perspectives in the philosophy of the emotions, history, meaning, politics, rhetoric and science. He applies Meyer's ideas to key questions in the philosophy of social science, showing how problematology offers important insights for understanding contemporary society. The book compares problematology with the work of well-known thinkers, including Bourdieu, Castoriadis, Collingwood, Derrida, Dewey, Gadamer, Heidegger and Lyotard. Turnbull uses problematology and rhetoric to explain how meaning is constructed through practice in the negotiation of social distance.

The Handbook of Rationality

Author : Markus Knauff
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045079
Total Pages : 879 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Rationality by : Markus Knauff

Download or read book The Handbook of Rationality written by Markus Knauff and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 879 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience. The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.

Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change

Author : David B. Lindenmayer
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 159726606X
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change by : David B. Lindenmayer

Download or read book Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change written by David B. Lindenmayer and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habitat loss and degradation that comes as a result of human activity is the single biggest threat to biodiversity in the world today. Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change is a groundbreaking work that brings together a wealth of information from a wide range of sources to define the ecological problems caused by landscape change and to highlight the relationships among landscape change, habitat fragmentation, and biodiversity conservation. The book: synthesizes a large body of information from the scientific literature considers key theoretical principles for examining and predicting effects examines the range of effects that can arise explores ways of mitigating impacts reviews approaches to studying the problem discusses knowledge gaps and future areas for research and management Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change offers a unique mix of theoretical and practical information, outlining general principles and approaches and illustrating those principles with case studies from around the world. It represents a definitive overview and synthesis on the full range of topics that fall under the widely used but often vaguely defined term "habitat fragmentation."