The Forgotten Trade

Download The Forgotten Trade full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Forgotten Trade ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Forgotten Slave Trade

Author : Simon Webb
Publisher : Pen and Sword History
ISBN 13 : 1526769271
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (267 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Forgotten Slave Trade by : Simon Webb

Download or read book The Forgotten Slave Trade written by Simon Webb and published by Pen and Sword History. This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A solid introduction and useful survey of slaving activity by the Muslims of North Africa over the course of several centuries.” —Chronicles Everybody knows about the transatlantic slave trade, which saw black Africans snatched from their homes, taken across the Atlantic Ocean and then sold into slavery. However, a century before Britain became involved in this terrible business, whole villages and towns in England, Ireland, Italy, Spain and other European countries were being depopulated by slavers, who transported the men, women and children to Africa where they were sold to the highest bidder. This is the forgotten slave trade; one which saw over a million Christians forced into captivity in the Muslim world. Starting with the practice of slavery in the ancient world, Simon Webb traces the history of slavery in Europe, showing that the numbers involved were vast and that the victims were often treated far more cruelly than black slaves in America and the Caribbean. Castration, used very occasionally against black slaves taken across the Atlantic, was routinely carried out on an industrial scale on European boys who were exported to Africa and the Middle East. Most people are aware that the English city of Bristol was a major center for the transatlantic slave trade in the eighteenth century, but hardly anyone knows that 1,000 years earlier it had been an important staging-post for the transfer of English slaves to Africa. Reading this book will forever change how you view the slave trade and show that many commonly held beliefs about this controversial subject are almost wholly inaccurate and mistaken.

The Forgotten Trade

Author : Nigel Tattersfield
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 1446475670
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (464 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Forgotten Trade by : Nigel Tattersfield

Download or read book The Forgotten Trade written by Nigel Tattersfield and published by Random House. This book was released on 2011-05-31 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `I pray people will read this richly detailed and absorbing book, with its vivid renaissance of a matter most of us English seem to have wished into oblivion. ' John Fowles Meticulously kept by Walter Prideaux, the log of the Daniel and Henry provides an astonishing record of a trading venture in the year 1700. Two years earlier, the Guinea trade had been prised loose by an Act of Parliament from the monopoly of the Royal African Company, and respectable burghers in a dozen small provincial ports seized what they saw as an opportunity for quick rewards from the slave trade. Few of these merchants knew anything of trading in Africa, nor of the unscrupulous tribalchiefs who readily offered men, women and children in hard bargaining for beads, alcohol, weapons and gunpowder. In the second part of this book, Tattersfield went in search of long-forgotten documents to chart how small provincial ports fared both economically and morally in the early years of slave trading.

White Cargo

Author : Don Jordan
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814742963
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis White Cargo by : Don Jordan

Download or read book White Cargo written by Don Jordan and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2008-03-08 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: White Cargo is the forgotten story of the thousands of Britons who lived and died in bondage in Britain's American colonies. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, more than 300,000 white people were shipped to America as slaves. Urchins were swept up from London's streets to labor in the tobacco fields, where life expectancy was no more than two years. Brothels were raided to provide "breeders" for Virginia. Hopeful migrants were duped into signing as indentured servants, unaware they would become personal property who could be bought, sold, and even gambled away. Transported convicts were paraded for sale like livestock. Drawing on letters crying for help, diaries, and court and government archives, Don Jordan and Michael Walsh demonstrate that the brutalities usually associated with black slavery alone were perpetrated on whites throughout British rule. The trade ended with American independence, but the British still tried to sell convicts in their former colonies, which prompted one of the most audacious plots in Anglo-American history. This is a saga of exploration and cruelty spanning 170 years that has been submerged under the overwhelming memory of black slavery. White Cargo brings the brutal, uncomfortable story to the surface.

Crossings

Author : James Walvin
Publisher : Reaktion Books
ISBN 13 : 1780232047
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Crossings by : James Walvin

Download or read book Crossings written by James Walvin and published by Reaktion Books. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We all know the story of the slave trade—the infamous Middle Passage, the horrifying conditions on slave ships, the millions that died on the journey, and the auctions that awaited the slaves upon their arrival in the Americas. But much of the writing on the subject has focused on the European traders and the arrival of slaves in North America. In Crossings, eminent historian James Walvin covers these established territories while also traveling back to the story’s origins in Africa and south to Brazil, an often forgotten part of the triangular trade, in an effort to explore the broad sweep of slavery across the Atlantic. Reconstructing the transatlantic slave trade from an extensive archive of new research, Walvin seeks to understand and describe how the trade began in Africa, the terrible ordeals experienced there by people sold into slavery, and the scars that remain on the continent today. Journeying across the ocean, he shows how Brazilian slavery was central to the development of the slave trade itself, as that country tested techniques and methods for trading and slavery that were successfully exported to the Caribbean and the rest of the Americas in the following centuries. Walvin also reveals the answers to vital questions that have never before been addressed, such as how a system that the Western world came to despise endured so long and how the British—who were fundamental in developing and perfecting the slave trade—became the most prominent proponents of its eradication. The most authoritative history of the entire slave trade to date, Crossings offers a new understanding of one of the most important, and tragic, episodes in world history.

The Slave Trade and the Origins of International Human Rights Law

Author : Jenny S. Martinez
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195391624
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Slave Trade and the Origins of International Human Rights Law by : Jenny S. Martinez

Download or read book The Slave Trade and the Origins of International Human Rights Law written by Jenny S. Martinez and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-04 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a broad consensus among scholars that the idea of human rights was a product of the Enlightenment but that a self-conscious and broad-based human rights movement focused on international law only began after World War II. In this book, the nineteenth century's absence is conspicuous - few have considered that era seriously, much less written books on it. But as this author shows, the foundation of the movement that we know today was a product of one of the nineteenth century's central moral causes: the movement to ban the international slave trade.

The Forgotten Centuries

Author : Charles M. Hudson
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820316547
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Forgotten Centuries by : Charles M. Hudson

Download or read book The Forgotten Centuries written by Charles M. Hudson and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Forgotten Centuries draws together seventeen essays in which historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists attempt for the first time to account for approximately two centuries that are virtually missing from the history of a large portion of the American South. Using the chronicles of the Spanish soldiers and adventurers, the contributors survey the emergence and character of the chiefdoms of the Southeast. In addition, they offer new scholarly interpretations of the expeditions of Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon from 1521 to 1526, Panfilo de Narvaez in 1528, and most particularly Hernando de Soto in 1539-43, as well as several expeditions conducted between 1597 and 1628. The essays in this volume address three other connected topics. Describing some of the major chiefdoms--Apalachee, the "Oconee" Province, Cofitachequi, and Coosa--the essays undertake to lay bare the social principles by which they operated. They also explore the major forces of structural change that were to transform the chiefdoms: disease and depopulation, the Spanish mission system, and the English deerskin and slave trades. And finally, they examine how these forces shaped the history of several subsequent southeastern Indian societies, including the Apalachees, Powhatans, Creeks, and Choctaws. These societies, the so-called native societies of the Old South, were, in fact, new ones formed in the crucible fired by the economic expansion of the early modern world.

The Forgotten Majority

Author : Margrit Schulte Beerbühl
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781782384472
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (844 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Forgotten Majority by : Margrit Schulte Beerbühl

Download or read book The Forgotten Majority written by Margrit Schulte Beerbühl and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "forgotten majority" of German merchants in London between the end of the Hanseatic League and the end of the Napoleonic Wars became the largest mercantile Christian immigrant group in the eighteenth century. Using previously neglected and little used evidence, this book assesses the causes of their migration, the establishment of their businesses in the capital, and the global reach of the enterprises. As the acquisition of British nationality was the admission ticket to Britain's commercial empire, it investigates the commercial function of British naturalization policy in the early modern period, while also considering the risks of failure and chance for a new beginning in a foreign environment. As more German merchants integrated into British commercial society, they contributed to London becoming the leading place of exchange between the European continent, Russia, and the New World.

New England Bound: Slavery and Colonization in Early America

Author : Wendy Warren
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 1631492152
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis New England Bound: Slavery and Colonization in Early America by : Wendy Warren

Download or read book New England Bound: Slavery and Colonization in Early America written by Wendy Warren and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History A New York Times Notable Book A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice Selection A Providence Journal Best Book of the Year Winner of the Organization of American Historians Merle Curti Award for Social History Finalist for the Harriet Tubman Prize Finalist for the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Book Prize "This book is an original achievement, the kind of history that chastens our historical memory as it makes us wiser." —David W. Blight, author of Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize Widely hailed as a “powerfully written” history about America’s beginnings (Annette Gordon-Reed), New England Bound fundamentally changes the story of America’s seventeenth-century origins. Building on the works of giants like Bernard Bailyn and Edmund S. Morgan, Wendy Warren has not only “mastered that scholarship” but has now rendered it in “an original way, and deepened the story” (New York Times Book Review). While earlier histories of slavery largely confine themselves to the South, Warren’s “panoptical exploration” (Christian Science Monitor) links the growth of the northern colonies to the slave trade and examines the complicity of New England’s leading families, demonstrating how the region’s economy derived its vitality from the slave trading ships coursing through its ports. And even while New England Bound explains the way in which the Atlantic slave trade drove the colonization of New England, it also brings to light, in many cases for the first time ever, the lives of the thousands of reluctant Indian and African slaves who found themselves forced into the project of building that city on a hill. We encounter enslaved Africans working side jobs as con artists, enslaved Indians who protested their banishment to sugar islands, enslaved Africans who set fire to their owners’ homes and goods, and enslaved Africans who saved their owners’ lives. In Warren’s meticulous, compelling, and hard-won recovery of such forgotten lives, the true variety of chattel slavery in the Americas comes to light, and New England Bound becomes the new standard for understanding colonial America.

White Gold

Author : Giles Milton
Publisher : John Murray
ISBN 13 : 1444717723
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (447 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis White Gold by : Giles Milton

Download or read book White Gold written by Giles Milton and published by John Murray. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the forgotten story of the million white Europeans, snatched from their homes and taken in chains to the great slave markets of North Africa to be sold to the highest bidder. Ignored by their own governments, and forced to endure the harshest of conditions, very few lived to tell the tale. Using the firsthand testimony of a Cornish cabin boy named Thomas Pellow, Giles Milton vividly reconstructs a disturbing, little known chapter of history. Pellow was bought by the tyrannical sultan of Morocco who was constructing an imperial pleasure palace of enormous scale and grandeur, built entirely by Christian slave labour. As his personal slave, he would witness first-hand the barbaric splendour of the imperial court, as well as experience the daily terror of a cruel regime. Gripping, immaculately researched, and brilliantly realised, WHITE GOLD reveals an explosive chapter of popular history, told with all the pace and verve of one of our finest historians.

Children of the Fur Trade

Author : John C. Jackson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Children of the Fur Trade by : John C. Jackson

Download or read book Children of the Fur Trade written by John C. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first half of the 19th century, a unique subculture built around hunting and mobility existed quietly in the Pacific Northwest. Descendants of European or Canadian fathers and Native American mothers, these mixed-blood settlers?called M(c)tis?were pivotal to the development of the Oregon Country, but have been generally neglected in its written history. Today we know them by the names they left on the land and the waters: The Dalles, Deschutes, Grand Ronde, Portneuf, Payette; and on the peoples who lived there: Pend Oreille, Coeur d Alene, Nez Perce. John C. Jackson's Children of the Fur Trade recovers a vital part of Northwest history and gives readers a vivid and memorable portrait of M(c)tis life at the western edge of North America. This informal account shows the M(c)tis as explorers and mapmakers, as fur trappers and traders, and as boatmen and travelers in a vanishing landscape. Because of their mixed race, they were forced into the margin between cultures in collision. Often disparaged as half-breeds, they became links between the dispossessed native peoples and the new order of pioneer settlement.Meet the independently minded Jacco Finlay, the beautiful Helene McDonald, fearsome Tom McKay and the bear-fighting Iroquois Ignace Hatchiorauquasha, whose M(c)tisse wife, Madame Gray, charmed lonely fur traders. Here is the rawhide knot of the mountain men who brought their Indian wives to suffer the censure of missionaries while building a community where their mixed-blood children were no longer welcome. A riveting glimpse into a unique heritage, illustrated with historic maps, drawings, and photographs, this book will interest and inform both the scholar and the general reader.

Forgotten Americans

Author : Isabel Sawhill
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300241062
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Forgotten Americans by : Isabel Sawhill

Download or read book Forgotten Americans written by Isabel Sawhill and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sobering account of a disenfranchised American working class and important policy solutions to the nation’s economic inequalities One of the country’s leading scholars on economics and social policy, Isabel Sawhill addresses the enormous divisions in American society—economic, cultural, and political—and what might be done to bridge them. Widening inequality and the loss of jobs to trade and technology has left a significant portion of the American workforce disenfranchised and skeptical of governments and corporations alike. And yet both have a role to play in improving the country for all. Sawhill argues for a policy agenda based on mainstream values, such as family, education, and work. While many have lost faith in government programs designed to help them, there are still trusted institutions on both the local and federal level that can deliver better job opportunities and higher wages to those who have been left behind. At the same time, the private sector needs to reexamine how it trains and rewards employees. This book provides a clear-headed and middle-way path to a better-functioning society in which personal responsibility is honored and inclusive capitalism and more broadly shared growth are once more the norm.

Termites in the Trading System

Author : Jagdish Bhagwati
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199715904
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Termites in the Trading System by : Jagdish Bhagwati

Download or read book Termites in the Trading System written by Jagdish Bhagwati and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-14 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jagdish Bhagwati, the internationally renowned economist who uniquely combines a reputation as the leading scholar of international trade with a substantial presence in public policy on the important issues of the day, shines here a critical light on Preferential Trade Agreements, revealing how the rapid spread of PTAs endangers the world trading system. Numbering by now well over 300, and rapidly increasing, these preferential trade agreements, many taking the form of Free Trade Agreements, have re-created the unhappy situation of the 1930s, when world trade was undermined by discriminatory practices. Whereas this was the result of protectionism in those days, ironically it is a result of misdirected pursuit of free trade via PTAs today. The world trading system is at risk again, the author argues, and the danger is palpable. Writing with his customary wit, panache and elegance, Bhagwati documents the growth of these PTAs, the reasons for their proliferation, and their deplorable consequences which include the near-destruction of the non-discrimination which was at the heart of the postwar trade architecture and its replacement by what he has called the spaghetti bowl of a maze of preferences. Bhagwati also documents how PTAs have undermined the prospects for multilateral freeing of trade, serving as stumbling blocks, instead of building blocks, for the objective of reaching multilateral free trade. In short, Bhagwati cogently demonstrates why PTAs are Termites in the Trading System.

The Forgotten

Author : David Baldacci
Publisher : Pan Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 1447235843
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (472 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Forgotten by : David Baldacci

Download or read book The Forgotten written by David Baldacci and published by Pan Macmillan. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second title in David Baldacci's bestselling series, The Forgotten is a fast-paced action thriller, featuring the hero of Zero Day – John Puller. Criminal investigator John Puller is drawn closer to home when his aunt is found dead in her house in Paradise, Florida. The local police have ruled the death as an accident, but Puller finds evidence to suggest that she may well have been murdered. On the surface the town lives up to its name, but as Puller digs deeper he realizes that this town and its inhabitants are more akin to Hell than Paradise. His belief is confirmed as evidence of strange and inexplicable events come to light. And when Puller learns the truth about what is happening in this once sleepy town, he knows that his discoveries will impact far wider than Paradise.

Borderless Empire

Author : Bram Hoonhout
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820356077
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Borderless Empire by : Bram Hoonhout

Download or read book Borderless Empire written by Bram Hoonhout and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2020-01-15 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borderless Empire explores the volatile history of Dutch Guiana, in particular the forgotten colonies of Essequibo and Demerara, to provide new perspectives on European empire building in the Atlantic world. Bram Hoonhout argues that imperial expansion was a process of improvisation at the colonial level rather than a project that was centrally orchestrated from the metropolis. Furthermore, he emphasizes that colonial expansion was far more transnational than the oft-used divisions into "national Atlantics" suggest. In so doing, he transcends the framework of the "Dutch Atlantic" by looking at the connections across cultural and imperial boundaries. The openness of Essequibo and Demerara affected all levels of the colonial society. Instead of counting on metropolitan soldiers, the colonists relied on Amerindian allies, who captured runaway slaves and put down revolts. Instead of waiting for Dutch slavers, the planters bought enslaved Africans from foreign smugglers. Instead of trying to populate the colonies with Dutchmen, the local authorities welcomed adventurers from many different origins. The result was a borderless world in which slavery was contingent on Amerindian support and colonial trade was rooted in illegality. These transactions created a colonial society that was far more Atlantic than Dutch.

A Respectable Trade

Author : Philippa Gregory
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0743272544
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (432 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Respectable Trade by : Philippa Gregory

Download or read book A Respectable Trade written by Philippa Gregory and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2007-02 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entering into an arranged marriage with an aspiring merchant in 1787 Bristol, Frances Scott is discouraged by her slavery-dependent lifestyle and unexpectedly falls for African slave and former Yoruba priest Mehuru. By the author of The Other Boleyn Girl. Reprint. 75,000 first printing.

Barracoon

Author : Zora Neale Hurston
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 006274822X
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (627 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Barracoon by : Zora Neale Hurston

Download or read book Barracoon written by Zora Neale Hurston and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the New York Times' Most Memorable Literary Moments of the Last 25 Years! • New York Times Bestseller • TIME Magazine’s Best Nonfiction Book of 2018 • New York Public Library’s Best Book of 2018 • NPR’s Book Concierge Best Book of 2018 • Economist Book of the Year • SELF.com’s Best Books of 2018 • Audible’s Best of the Year • BookRiot’s Best Audio Books of 2018 • The Atlantic’s Books Briefing: History, Reconsidered • Atlanta Journal Constitution, Best Southern Books 2018 • The Christian Science Monitor’s Best Books 2018 • “A profound impact on Hurston’s literary legacy.”—New York Times “One of the greatest writers of our time.”—Toni Morrison “Zora Neale Hurston’s genius has once again produced a Maestrapiece.”—Alice Walker A major literary event: a newly published work from the author of the American classic Their Eyes Were Watching God, with a foreword from Pulitzer Prize-winning author Alice Walker, brilliantly illuminates the horror and injustices of slavery as it tells the true story of one of the last-known survivors of the Atlantic slave trade—abducted from Africa on the last "Black Cargo" ship to arrive in the United States. In 1927, Zora Neale Hurston went to Plateau, Alabama, just outside Mobile, to interview eighty-six-year-old Cudjo Lewis. Of the millions of men, women, and children transported from Africa to America as slaves, Cudjo was then the only person alive to tell the story of this integral part of the nation’s history. Hurston was there to record Cudjo’s firsthand account of the raid that led to his capture and bondage fifty years after the Atlantic slave trade was outlawed in the United States. In 1931, Hurston returned to Plateau, the African-centric community three miles from Mobile founded by Cudjo and other former slaves from his ship. Spending more than three months there, she talked in depth with Cudjo about the details of his life. During those weeks, the young writer and the elderly formerly enslaved man ate peaches and watermelon that grew in the backyard and talked about Cudjo’s past—memories from his childhood in Africa, the horrors of being captured and held in a barracoon for selection by American slavers, the harrowing experience of the Middle Passage packed with more than 100 other souls aboard the Clotilda, and the years he spent in slavery until the end of the Civil War. Based on those interviews, featuring Cudjo’s unique vernacular, and written from Hurston’s perspective with the compassion and singular style that have made her one of the preeminent American authors of the twentieth-century, Barracoon masterfully illustrates the tragedy of slavery and of one life forever defined by it. Offering insight into the pernicious legacy that continues to haunt us all, black and white, this poignant and powerful work is an invaluable contribution to our shared history and culture.

The Forgotten Diaspora

Author : Peter Mark
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107667461
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Forgotten Diaspora by : Peter Mark

Download or read book The Forgotten Diaspora written by Peter Mark and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the history of early seventeenth-century Portuguese Sephardic traders who settled in two communities on Senegal's Petite Côte. There, they lived as public Jews, under the spiritual guidance of a rabbi sent to them by the newly established Portuguese Jewish community in Amsterdam. In Senegal, the Jews were protected from agents of the Inquisition by local Muslim rulers. The Petite Côte communities included several Jews of mixed Portuguese-African heritage as well as African wives, offspring, and servants. The blade weapons trade was an important part of their commercial activities. These merchants participated marginally in the slave trade but fully in the arms trade, illegally supplying West African markets with swords. This blade weapons trade depended on artisans and merchants based in Morocco, Lisbon, and northern Europe and affected warfare in the Sahel and along the Upper Guinea Coast. After members of these communities moved to the United Provinces around 1620, they had a profound influence on relations between black and white Jews in Amsterdam. The study not only discovers previously unknown Jewish communities but by doing so offers a reinterpretation of the dynamics and processes of identity construction throughout the Atlantic world.