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The Fiscal Costs Of Contingent Liabilities
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Book Synopsis The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities by : Ms.Elva Bova
Download or read book The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities written by Ms.Elva Bova and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-02-09 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We construct the first comprehensive dataset of contingent liability realizations in advanced and emerging markets for the period 1990–2014. We find that contingent liability realizations are a major source of fiscal distress. The average fiscal cost of a contingent liability realization is 6 percent of GDP but costs can be as high as 40 percent for major financial sector bailouts. Contingent liability realizations are correlated among each other and tend to occur during periods of growth reversals and crises, accentuating pressure on the budget during already difficult times. Countries with stronger institutions are able to better control and address the underlying risks so that they are less exposed to contingent liability realizations.
Book Synopsis The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities by :
Download or read book The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contingent Government Liabilities by : Hana Polackova
Download or read book Contingent Government Liabilities written by Hana Polackova and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1998 Many governments have faced serious fiscal instabilities as a result of their growing contingent liabilities. But conventional fiscal analysis and institutions fall short in addressing contingent fiscal risks. What approaches in fiscal analysis and standards for public sector management would foster sound fiscal performance? And how can policymakers be made accountable for recognizing the long-term costs of both direct and contingent forms of government activity in their decisions? Governments are increasingly exposed to fiscal risks and uncertainties for three main reasons: * The increasing volume and volatility of international flows of private capital. * The state's transformation from financing services to guaranteeing that the private sector will achieve particular outcomes. * Moral hazards arising in markets because the government is perceived to have residual responsibility for market outcomes. Sources of fiscal risk may be direct or contingent (a liability only if a particular event occurs). Whether direct or contingent, they are either explicit (recognized as a government liability by law or by contract) or implicit (a moral obligation reflecting public expectations and pressure from interest groups). The recent Asian crisis revealed that major moral hazards exist in markets and that sizable hidden fiscal risks may arise from contingent forms of government support. Governments must understand and know how to handle contingent liabilities if they are to avoid the danger of sudden fiscal instability and realize their long-term policy objectives. They can reduce fiscal risks by incorporating contingent liabilities into their analytical, policy, and institutional public finance frameworks. Governments can address fiscal risk through three channels in particular, says Polackova: * By including contingent and implicit financial risks in their fiscal analysis and (to deter moral hazard in the market) by publicly acknowledging the limits of state responsibilities. * By reflecting the cost of contingent liabilities in policy choices, budgeting, financial planning, reporting, and auditing. * By developing institutional capacity to evaluate, regulate, control, and prevent financial risk in both the public and private sectors. Given the increasingly serious implications of contingent government liabilities for the fiscal outlook of countries, Polackova argues that it is time for the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and others to: * Incorporate government contingent fiscal risks in their analysis of a country's fiscal sustainability, policies, and institutions. * Require countries to disclose information regarding their exposure to contingent fiscal risks. * Help countries embrace contingent liabilities in their analytical, policy, and institutional public finance frameworks. This paper-a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region-is part of a larger effort in the region to enhance the Bank's analytical and operational work in public finance. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Government at Risk by : Hana Polackova Brixi
Download or read book Government at Risk written by Hana Polackova Brixi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many governments have faced serious instability as a result of their contingent liabilities. But conventional public finance analysis and institutions fail to address such fiscal risks. This book aims to provide motivation and practical guidance to governments seeking to improve their management of fiscal risks. The book addresses some of the difficult analytical and institutional challenges that face reformers tooling up to manage government fiscal risks. It discusses the inadequacies of conventional practices as well as recent advances in dealing with fiscal risk.
Book Synopsis Government Contingent Liabilities and the Measurement of Fiscal Impact by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Government Contingent Liabilities and the Measurement of Fiscal Impact written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-06-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional fiscal accounting methodologies do not appropriately account for governments’ noncash policies, such as their contingent liabilities. When these liabilities are called, budget costs can be large, as evidenced by the United States’ saving and loan crisis. In general, deficit measures may underestimate the macroeconomic impact of government policies, promoting the substitution of noncash for cash expenditure and increasing future financing requirements. The paper describes extended deficit measures to address the problem, but notes their limited practical value. Nonetheless, some alternative methods of valuing contingent liabilities are proposed to gauge fiscal impact and facilitate budgetary control.
Author :United States. Office of Management and Budget Publisher :U.S. Government Printing Office ISBN 13 : Total Pages :28 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Recognition of Contingent Liabilities Arising from Litigation by : United States. Office of Management and Budget
Download or read book Recognition of Contingent Liabilities Arising from Litigation written by United States. Office of Management and Budget and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contingent Liabilities by : Hana Polackova
Download or read book Contingent Liabilities written by Hana Polackova and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Federal Debt by : Bruce R. Bartlett
Download or read book The Federal Debt written by Bruce R. Bartlett and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contingent Liabilities: Issues and Practice by : Aliona Cebotari
Download or read book Contingent Liabilities: Issues and Practice written by Aliona Cebotari and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contingent liabilities have gained prominence in the analysis of public finance. Indeed, history is full of episodes in which the financial position of the public sector is substantially altered-or its true nature uncovered-as a result of government bailouts of financial or nonfinancial entities, in both the private and the public sector. The paper discusses theoretical and practical issues raised by contingent liabilities, including the rationale for taking them on, how to safeguard against the fiscal risks associated with them, how to account and budget for them, and how to disclose them. Country experiences are used to illustrate ways these issues are addressed in practice and challenges faced. The paper also points to good practices related to the mitigation, management and disclosure of risks from contingent liabilities.
Book Synopsis Government Contingent Liabilities and the Measurement of Fiscal Impact by : Christopher Towe
Download or read book Government Contingent Liabilities and the Measurement of Fiscal Impact written by Christopher Towe and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional fiscal accounting methodologies do not appropriately account for governments` noncash policies, such as their contingent liabilities. When these liabilities are called, budget costs can be large, as evidenced by the United States` saving and loan crisis. In general, deficit measures may underestimate the macroeconomic impact of government policies, promoting the substitution of noncash for cash expenditure and increasing future financing requirements. The paper describes extended deficit measures to address the problem, but notes their limited practical value. Nonetheless, some alternative methods of valuing contingent liabilities are proposed to gauge fiscal impact and facilitate budgetary control.
Book Synopsis The Fiscal Treatment of Contingent Liabilities Assumed in the Context of a Sale of Assets by : Nicholas Antonatos
Download or read book The Fiscal Treatment of Contingent Liabilities Assumed in the Context of a Sale of Assets written by Nicholas Antonatos and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contingent Government Liabilities by : Hana Polackova
Download or read book Contingent Government Liabilities written by Hana Polackova and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many governments have fac ...
Book Synopsis Fiscal Adjustment and Contingent Government Liabilities by : Hana Polackova Brixi
Download or read book Fiscal Adjustment and Contingent Government Liabilities written by Hana Polackova Brixi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments' contingent liabilities increase fiscal vulnerability, but are omitted in traditional measures of the current deficit. In the Czech Republic this omission may mean that fiscal adjustment has been overstated by 3 to 4 percent of annual GDP, with future budgets having to pay for past guarantees. The stock of existing contingent liabilities in Macedonia could add 2 to 4 percent of GDP to that country's future deficits.
Book Synopsis Crisis-Related Measures in the Financial System and Sovereign Balance Sheet Risks by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Crisis-Related Measures in the Financial System and Sovereign Balance Sheet Risks written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the fiscal and financial risk implications of support measures in a sovereign balance sheet framework, making the point that the ultimate fiscal cost will depend on how balance sheets are managed—both in the near-term and as governments develop unwinding strategies. It suggests some key principles for efficient and transparent management of new assets, liabilities, and associated risks, and for moving toward an orderly disengagement.
Book Synopsis Contingent Liabilities from Banks by : Mr.Serkan Arslanalp
Download or read book Contingent Liabilities from Banks written by Mr.Serkan Arslanalp and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-12-09 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we develop a methodology to assess potential losses to the government that could arise from bank failures. The approach is intended to be simple, parsimonious, and used in real time. It generates an index that we call the banking sector contingent liability index (BCLI), based on the banking sector’s size, concentration, diversification, leverage, and riskiness of assets. The index is illustrated for 32 advanced and emerging market economies from 2006 to 2013, as well as a group of banks including global systemically important banks (G-SIBs).
Book Synopsis How to Manage the Fiscal Costs of Natural Disasters by : Mr.Serhan Cevik
Download or read book How to Manage the Fiscal Costs of Natural Disasters written by Mr.Serhan Cevik and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This how-to note focuses on the management of the fiscal costs associated with natural disaster risks. Unlike other types of fiscal risks (for example, unexpected macroeconomic changes or materialization of contingent liabilities), a natural disaster presents a unique challenge to fiscal risk-management and budget processes because of its exogenous nature and potentially overwhelming scale. This note discusses how governments can build fiscal resilience against natural hazards and strengthen fiscal management after a disaster, including through budgeting frameworks and other fiscal policies. The note aims to answer three central questions: How large should fiscal buffers be? How should fiscal buffers be built up? How should fiscal buffers be used efficiently and transparently once a natural disaster has struck? These three questions directly relate to fiscal policy, fiscal risk management, and the budget process—all core areas of IMF expertise. To address them, the note focuses on fiscal strategies for financing recovery efforts and considers approaches to mitigate disaster impact. The note also provides guidance on how to conduct regular risk analyses of natural disasters’ potential fiscal consequences and outlines best practices for defining and accounting for the contingent liabilities associated with natural disasters in budgeting frameworks. Finally, the note touches on approaches for risk reduction, disaster risk financing strategies, and risk transfer mechanisms, such as various insurance instruments.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Risks - Sources, Disclosure, and Management by : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Download or read book Fiscal Risks - Sources, Disclosure, and Management written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-05-31 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of member countries have expressed interest in advice regarding disclosure and management of fiscal risks (defined as the possibility of deviations of fiscal outcomes from what was expected at the time of the budget or other forecast). This paper analyzes the main sources of fiscal risks and—building on an overview of existing practices in a wide range of countries—provides practical suggestions in this area, including a possible Statement of Fiscal Risks and a set of Guidelines for Fiscal Risk Disclosure and Management.
