The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2021–2025

Download The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2021–2025 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251346739
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2021–2025 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2021–2025 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), drug-resistant infections are placing an ever-increasing burden on human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Drug-resistant infections have the potential to become leading causes of death. AMR may force tens of millions more people into extreme poverty, hunger, and malnutrition, and the associated economic losses are projected at several percent of gross domestic product. However, we can prevent this from happening – if we act quickly. This document outlines the FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2021–2025 which serves as a roadmap for focusing global efforts to address AMR in the food and agriculture sectors. The aim of this plan is to help accelerate progress in developing and implementing multi-sectoral National Action Plans to tackle AMR by calling attention to strategic priorities and areas of expertise for FAO support. The action plan was developed by a multidisciplinary FAO team to ensure that all relevant dimensions – including terrestrial and aquatic animal health and production, crop production, food and feed safety, genetic resources, natural resource management, risk communication, and behavior change - are considered, with attention to regulatory frameworks, standards, norm-setting and bottom-up processes of collective action. By working together, food systems, livelihoods, and economies will be better protected from the destabilizing forces of untreatable illness.

Evaluation of FAO’s role and work on antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Download Evaluation of FAO’s role and work on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251340749
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Evaluation of FAO’s role and work on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Evaluation of FAO’s role and work on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-03-05 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to fight antimicrobial compounds, reducing the efficacy of treating diseases in humans, animals, and plants. AMR risk is outpacing human population growth, owing to misuse of antimicrobials in large quantities in food systems, and is a serious threat to food security and sustainable development. FAO, with the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), is supporting countries in developing and implementing their One Health National Action Plans on AMR. The eventual aim is to ensure sustainable use of antimicrobials to minimize AMR risks, in alignment with the Global Action Plan on AMR. The scope of the evaluation covers FAO’s entire work on AMR up to early 2020 and its role in the global AMR architecture. It examines FAO’s organizational and institutional set-up for AMR work. FAO has a strong mandate to work on AMR, implementing activities in 45 countries and providing far-reaching support on AMR National Action Plans (NAPs). FAO’s technical expertise is a key comparative advantage in its work on AMR. It is underpinned by the strong scientific grounding of FAO’s work, engendered in its AMR working groups and supported by its collaboration with research centers, universities, and the Tripartite organizations. Nevertheless, the work is relatively recent and, given the long impact pathways, it has had limited results. A comprehensive strategic and programmatic approach would increase the likelihood of achieving results in combating AMR. FAO should prioritize its work in a long-term strategy on AMR that recognizes the seriousness of the threat and is fully integrated into the Organization’s Strategic Framework. The strategy should set out FAO’s long-term role in combating AMR and that of its divisions and offices, as well as its approach at the country and regional level. FAO should consolidate its work on AMR through a strong programmatic approach with a central coordination and management structure that links with the Regional Offices and is supported by dedicated core funding.

Monitoring and evaluation of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance:

Download Monitoring and evaluation of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance: PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Monitoring and evaluation of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance: by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Monitoring and evaluation of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance: written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper summarises the approach proposed for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of both the implementation of the GAP and the resulting effects on AMR and on health. M&E is required at both national and global levels; for management, to identify and respond to barriers to progress, and to inform course correction, in order to increase impact and value for money. M&E is also needed for accountability, within countries and at regional and global levels. This includes reporting back to the global health community, including the governing bodies of WHO, FAO and OIE, and the Interagency Coordination Group on AMR that was established by the UN General Assembly.

OECD Health Policy Studies Stemming the Superbug Tide

Download OECD Health Policy Studies Stemming the Superbug Tide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN 13 : 9789264307582
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis OECD Health Policy Studies Stemming the Superbug Tide by : OECD.

Download or read book OECD Health Policy Studies Stemming the Superbug Tide written by OECD. and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a large and growing problem with the potential for enormous health and economic consequences, globally. As such, AMR has become a central issue at the top of the public health agenda of OECD countries and beyond. In this

Implementing the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance

Download Implementing the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924007466X
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Implementing the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Implementing the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-12-12 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine

Download Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309269452
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (694 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine by : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri

Download or read book Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine written by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2022-07-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, published in 2014, sets out a plan for government work to mitigate the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Direction on the implementation of this strategy is provided in five-year national action plans, the first covering 2015 to 2020, and the second covering 2020 to 2025. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine evaluates progress made against the national strategy. This report discusses ways to improve detection of resistant infections and estimate the risk to human health from environmental sources of resistance. In addition, the report considers the effect of agricultural practices on human and animal health and animal welfare and ways these practices could be improved, and advises on key drugs and diseases for which animal-specific test breakpoints are needed.

Strategic Framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance

Download Strategic Framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251358184
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Strategic Framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Strategic Framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-04-06 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pandemic prevention and preparedness are at the top of everyone’s mind as the world continues to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, however, the threats posed by the silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance to human, animal, and plant health, food production, and the environment have not ceased and are steadily growing. More than ever before, we know that addressing the interlinked and multi-faceted challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance requires that we work together – across sectors, government, academic disciplines, civil society, the private sector, and the multilateral system – to advance a One Health approach. This strategic framework on antimicrobial resistance represents an important milestone in the decades-long history of collaboration between the Tripartite organizations - a collaboration that now is even stronger as a result of our close engagement with the United Nations Environment Programme. The framework sets out for the first time what our organizations – as leaders in the multilateral system on the human, animal, plant, and environmental health – will do jointly to support countries’ efforts to scale up national responses to antimicrobial resistance. Countries and partners are strongly encouraged to replicate and amplify the One Health approach used in the framework, based on their own contexts and needs.

FAO publications catalogue 2023

Download FAO publications catalogue 2023 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251380570
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis FAO publications catalogue 2023 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book FAO publications catalogue 2023 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This catalogue aims to improve the dissemination and outreach of FAO’s knowledge products and overall publishing programme. By providing information on its key publications in every area of FAO’s work, and catering to a range of audiences, it thereby contributes to all organizational outcomes. From statistical analysis to specialized manuals to children’s books, FAO publications cater to a diverse range of audiences. This catalogue presents a selection of FAO’s main publications, produced in 2023 or earlier, ranging from its global reports and general interest publications to numerous specialized titles. In addition to the major themes of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, it also includes thematic sections on climate change, economic and social development, and food safety and nutrition.

One Health Joint Plan of Action, 2022–2026

Download One Health Joint Plan of Action, 2022–2026 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251369577
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis One Health Joint Plan of Action, 2022–2026 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book One Health Joint Plan of Action, 2022–2026 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-10-14 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the 27th Tripartite Annual Executive Meeting, the FAO Programme Committee in its 130th session, March 2021, requested the joint development, by the Tripartite (FAO/WHO/WOAH) and others, of a strategy and action plan to prevent future zoonotic pandemics through the One Health approach. The One Health Joint Plan of Action (OH JPA) is intended to guide the four organizations of the Quadripartite to work together on One Health with the aim of supporting their Members to build One Health capacities. It provides a framework for action and proposes a set of activities that the four organizations can offer together to enable countries to advance and scale up One Health in managing human, animal, plant and environment health threats. The framework uses a One Health approach to strengthen collaboration, communication, advocacy, and coordination equally across all sectors responsible for addressing health concerns at the human-animal-plant-environment interface.

Antimicrobial resistance and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework

Download Antimicrobial resistance and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240036024
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Antimicrobial resistance and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework by :

Download or read book Antimicrobial resistance and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Outputs and activities of FAO Project FMM/RAS/298/MUL and summary of FAO’s recent work on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture

Download Outputs and activities of FAO Project FMM/RAS/298/MUL and summary of FAO’s recent work on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251333696
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Outputs and activities of FAO Project FMM/RAS/298/MUL and summary of FAO’s recent work on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Outputs and activities of FAO Project FMM/RAS/298/MUL and summary of FAO’s recent work on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the implementation activities and results of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Project FMM/RAS/298/MUL: Strengthening capacities, policies, and national action plans on prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in fisheries. The objectives of this project were to develop and/or enhance the knowledge, skills and capacity of the participating Competent Authorities on fisheries and aquaculture, as well as to assist them in the development and implementation of policies and national action plans (NAPs) on the prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials. The project enhanced the capacities of national Competent Authority (technical specialists, inspection and laboratory staff) to enable productive engagement with other lead agencies (e.g. the World Health Organization [WHO], national agriculture, food safety and animal health authorities), particularly with respect to their aquaculture and fish food safety component contributions to the NAP and the integration of the aquatic sector within the One Health framework. The report also briefly summarizes the recent actions and activities taken by FAO related to AMR in aquaculture since the completion of this project, including awareness raising targeting policymakers and aquaculture stakeholders, relevant publications, candidate reference centers and other ongoing projects to date.

Guidelines on monitoring antimicrobial use at the farm level

Download Guidelines on monitoring antimicrobial use at the farm level PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251384037
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Guidelines on monitoring antimicrobial use at the farm level by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Guidelines on monitoring antimicrobial use at the farm level written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-12-28 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health threat to humans, animals, plants and the environment. One of the key drivers of AMR is the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in animal production, including in aquaculture. Therefore, monitoring the use of antimicrobials in farm animals is essential to mitigate AMR. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) has been collecting data, mainly coming from national sales and imports records of antimicrobials, from its members on antimicrobial agents intended for use in animals since 2015. To complement this information and improve decision-making, farm-level antimicrobial use (AMU) data are needed, as it allows for better understanding of how antimicrobials are used in the field. Therefore, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP), the WOAH Regional Representation for Asia and the Pacific (WOAH RRAP) and the WOAH Sub-Regional Representation for South-East Asia (WOAH SRR-SEA) developed a joint guideline on Monitoring antimicrobial use at the farm level. The guideline provides detailed guidance on establishing a farm-level AMU monitoring system: conducting a situational analysis; establishing an operational mechanism; technical preparation. The recommendations cover both terrestrial and aquatic food-producing animals and consider the wide range of AMU monitoring capacities in Asia and the Pacific and beyond. The target users of this guideline are the competent authorities, research institutions and agrifood industry actors who plan to develop or improve an AMU monitoring system at the farm level.

FAO publications catalogue 2022

Download FAO publications catalogue 2022 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251359628
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis FAO publications catalogue 2022 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book FAO publications catalogue 2022 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This catalogue aims to improve the dissemination and outreach of FAO’s knowledge products and overall publishing programme. By providing information on its key publications in every area of FAO’s work, and catering to a range of audiences, it thereby contributes to all organizational outcomes. From statistical analysis to specialized manuals to children’s books, FAO publications cater to a diverse range of audiences. This catalogue presents a selection of FAO’s main publications, produced in 2021 or earlier, ranging from its global reports and general interest publications to numerous specialized titles. In addition to the major themes of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, it also includes thematic sections on climate change, economic and social development, and food safety and nutrition

A multi-billion-dollar opportunity – Repurposing agricultural support to transform food systems

Download A multi-billion-dollar opportunity – Repurposing agricultural support to transform food systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251349177
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A multi-billion-dollar opportunity – Repurposing agricultural support to transform food systems by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book A multi-billion-dollar opportunity – Repurposing agricultural support to transform food systems written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public support mechanisms for agriculture in many cases hinder the transformation towards healthier, more sustainable, equitable, and efficient food systems, thus actively steering us away from meeting the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the Paris Agreement. This report sets out the compelling case for repurposing harmful agricultural producer support to reverse this situation, by optimizing the use of scarce public resources, strengthening economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, and ultimately driving a food systems transformation that can support global sustainable development commitments. The report provides policymakers with an updated estimate of past and current agricultural producer support for 88 countries, projected up until 2030. The trends emerging from the analysis are a clear call for action at country, regional and global levels to phase out the most distortive, environmentally and socially harmful support, such as price incentives and coupled subsidies, and redirecting it towards investments in public goods and services for agriculture, such as research and development and infrastructure, as well as decoupled fiscal subsidies. Overall, the analysis highlights that, while removing and/or reducing harmful agricultural support is necessary, repurposing initiatives that include measures to minimize policy trade-offs will be needed to ensure a beneficial outcome overall. The report confirms that, while a few countries have started repurposing and reforming agricultural support, broader, deeper, and faster reforms are needed for food systems transformation. Thus, it provides guidance (in six steps) on how governments can repurpose agricultural producer support – and the reforms this will take.

Livestock's Long Shadow

Download Livestock's Long Shadow PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251055717
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (557 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Livestock's Long Shadow by : Henning Steinfeld

Download or read book Livestock's Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.

Monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens from aquaculture

Download Monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens from aquaculture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 925137404X
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens from aquaculture by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens from aquaculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-12-28 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The guidelines provide a regional overview of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in aquaculture, including the importance of harmonizing methodologies across the region (Chapter 1). The guidelines also cover approaches to the design of AMR surveillance in aquaculture, from identifying the target population to sampling considerations (Chapter 2). Sample consideration and transport are described in detail, following standing methodologies for disease surveillance in aquaculture (Chapter 3). The laboratory methods are described, from general principles to specific methodologies (Chapter 4). Finally, the guidelines also describe AMR data management including collection, storage, analysis, and presentation (Chapter 5). While Volume 3 provides guidance for carrying out AMR monitoring and surveillance in aquaculture, the other areas in the AMR surveillance framework are covered in the respective volumes of this regional guideline series: Volume 1 (Monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from healthy food animals intended for consumption), Volume 2 (Monitoring and surveillance in animal pathogens recovered from diseased livestock); Volume 4 (Monitoring bacterial resistance in the animal environment) that will focus on monitoring AMR in bacteria from agriculture settings (such as manure and slurry in livestock farms and aquatic environments), Volume 5 (Monitoring antimicrobial usage in animals at the farm level) and Volume 6 (Monitoring antimicrobial residues in food). Experts from FAO, the Singapore Food Agency and the Singapore National Parks Board led the writing of this volume.

Livestock and its role in the emergence, spread, and evolution of antimicrobial resistance: Animal-to-human or animal-to-environment transmission

Download Livestock and its role in the emergence, spread, and evolution of antimicrobial resistance: Animal-to-human or animal-to-environment transmission PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832534635
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Livestock and its role in the emergence, spread, and evolution of antimicrobial resistance: Animal-to-human or animal-to-environment transmission by : João Pedro Rueda Furlan

Download or read book Livestock and its role in the emergence, spread, and evolution of antimicrobial resistance: Animal-to-human or animal-to-environment transmission written by João Pedro Rueda Furlan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-09 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens (e.g., Enterobacterales and nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli) to critically important antimicrobials such as carbapenems and colistin, last-resort antimicrobials, is a global multifactorial problem that involves animal–food–environmental–human sectors, which requires coordinated One Health and Global Health actions. The raising of food-producing animals has been increasing worldwide due to the rapid increase in demand for livestock products driven by human population growth. Consequently, the intensive use of antimicrobials in this sector has been associated with an increase in antimicrobial resistance. In this regard, the concerns associated with animal-to-human or animal-to-environment transmission of bacteria, including zoonotic pathogens, or plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes have increased in the last decade.