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The European Size Distribution Of Firms And Employment
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Book Synopsis The European Size Distribution of Firms and Employment by : Mikael Stenkula
Download or read book The European Size Distribution of Firms and Employment written by Mikael Stenkula and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, policy debate has increasingly focused on the issues concerning size distribution of firms and employment. It is often claimed that we are approaching a new economic era, where large enterprises have lost their importance in developed economies. This raises the question as how the size distributions can be explained on basis of currently available European data. An attempt is made in this paper to examine the availability and reliability of European data related to the size distribution of firms and employment. The study suggests that though the existing data is severely limited in a number of respects, quality of statistics on employment and firm size structure has improved over time. On the basis of existing data the author has analyzed differences in the size distribution of firms and employment between countries and across time. The study illustrates that enterprises employing less than 250 people account for about 2/3 of total employment. Countries in the Southern part of the EU in general have a higher share of micro enterprises as well as a higher share of individuals employed in the micro enterprises, compared to the other countries in the EU. This difference is explained in terms of a higher share of micro enterprises within most NACE sections. Some of the differences are explained by the industry distribution of employment. The available data also shows a small increase in employment among micro enterprises since 1990.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Institutional Effects on the Evolution of the Size Distribution of Firms by : Magnus Henrekson
Download or read book Institutional Effects on the Evolution of the Size Distribution of Firms written by Magnus Henrekson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper it is argued that the size distribution of firms may largely be determined by institutional factors. This hypothesis is tested in an exploratory fashion by studying the evolution of the size distribution of firms over time in Sweden for a period spanning from the late 1960s to the early 1990s. The data used are divided into finer size classes compared to most previous studies. This gives more scope for investigating the impact of institutions. Moreover, we use a unique data set, starting in 1984, to take account of corporate groups and government ownership. The analysis shows a poor development for intermediate-sized (10-199 employees) firms. This is likely to reflect the existence of a threshold that many firms are either unwilling or unable to cross. The analysis of the institutions and rules of the game determining the entrepreneurial and business conditions in Sweden indicate that the conditions have been unfavorable for small firms, and hence that too few small firms have managed to grow out of the smallest size classes. The conclusion is supported by an international comparison of the number of firms in different size classes. Data indicate that Sweden has fewer small (10-99 employees), and more large (500 ) firms per capita than other European countries.
Book Synopsis Enterprises in the European Community by : Commission of the European Communities
Download or read book Enterprises in the European Community written by Commission of the European Communities and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enterprises in Europe by : Commission of the European Communities. D.G. XXIII.
Download or read book Enterprises in Europe written by Commission of the European Communities. D.G. XXIII. and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Welfare State in Transition by : Richard B. Freeman
Download or read book The Welfare State in Transition written by Richard B. Freeman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once heralded in the 1950s and 1960s as a model welfare state, Sweden is now in transition and in trouble since its economic plunge in the early 1990s. This volume presents ten essays that examine Sweden's economic problems from a U.S. perspective. Exploring such diverse topics as income equalization and efficiency, welfare and tax policy, wage determination and unemployment, and international competitiveness and growth, they consider how Sweden's welfare state succeeded in eliminating poverty and became a role model for other countries. They then reflect on Sweden's past economic problems, such as the increase in government spending and the fall in industrial productivity, warning of problems to come. Finally they review the consequences of the collapse of Sweden's economy in the early 1990s, exploring the implications of its efforts to reform its welfare state and reestablish a healthy economy. This volume will be of interest to policymakers and analysts, social scientists, and economists interested in welfare states.
Book Synopsis Industries in Europe by : P. S. Johnson
Download or read book Industries in Europe written by P. S. Johnson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This book is to be recommended as a valuable reference source; the self-contained chapters provide well-written and informative introductions to the industries covered and the authors also give helpful guidance to further reading.' - Eleanor J. Morgan, The Economic Journal This important book presents an authoritative, up-to-date examination of a number of major industries in Europe. It offers valuable insights into the nature of industrial activity in Europe, as well as providing comprehensive introductions to a series of key industries, such as defence, construction, tourism and biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Labour Market Adjustments in Europe by : Julian Messina
Download or read book Labour Market Adjustments in Europe written by Julian Messina and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . the book is an interesting contribution to the literature on labour market practices in Europe. The important statistics and analysis conducted by the authors in the book have important implications for scholars in the international entrepreneurship field wanting to know more about the diverse labour practices in Europe. Vanessa Ratten, Journal of International Entrepreneurship It is now widely accepted that expansionary fiscal or monetary policies alone are unlikely to help Europe s ailing economies. Solving Europe s economic problems requires reform of the economic institutions that influence economic activity and the way the economy responds to macroeconomic shocks. This volume employs novel approaches to the study of some of these institutions. The group of contributors in this book come from academia and international organizations in Europe and the USA. They focus on trade unions, which affect real-wage flexibility and the provision of training to workers. They also concentrate on employment protection legislation, which discourages firms from firing old workers and also from hiring new ones. The structure of housing market imperfections that can greatly affect regional mobility is also discussed. Labour economists and scholars of European studies, as well as economic policymakers, will read Labour Market Adjustments in Europe with great interest.
Book Synopsis Drivers Of Competitiveness by : Diego Comin
Download or read book Drivers Of Competitiveness written by Diego Comin and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this day and age, technology has become ever more prominent and omnipresent in our lives. As technological developments emerge and become more ubiquitous, it becomes vital to understand and analyze the impact of technology on society.Drivers of Competitiveness focuses on technology and seeks to analyze its causes and consequences on productivity and competitiveness and to examine the dynamic relationships between the different factors in various contexts. Building on state-of-the-art research, the book illustrates the global, institutional and technological factors that shape the performance of business and countries.Unlike most existing books in the field, Drivers of Competitiveness is a self-contained case book ideal for classroom use. The cases in the book are brand new. All of them are written in the context of the global financial crisis, providing a new perspective on the crisis that sheds light on its effect on competitiveness and on the diversity of responses by companies and countries. The cases and the analytical framework that emerges from the book constitute an essential kit for current and future managers, policy-makers and observers of global dynamics.
Book Synopsis The Worldwide Governance Indicators Project: Answering the Critics by : Daniel Kaufmann
Download or read book The Worldwide Governance Indicators Project: Answering the Critics written by Daniel Kaufmann and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The Worldwide Governance Indicators, reporting estimates of six dimensions of governance for over 200 countries between 1996 and 2005, have become widely used among policymakers and academics. They have also attracted some explicit written criticisms. In this short paper the authors synthesize 11 critiques offered by four recent papers. They then refute them as either conceptually incorrect or empirically unsubstantiated.
Book Synopsis European Business by : Debra Johnson
Download or read book European Business written by Debra Johnson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition has been fully updated in order to reflect the fast moving changes and economic instability that has occurred in European Business over the last few years. With a raft of pedagogical features including: case studies, discussion questions and a companion website, this key text remains a must-read for students of the discipline.
Book Synopsis Innovation, Industry Evolution and Employment by : David B. Audretsch
Download or read book Innovation, Industry Evolution and Employment written by David B. Audretsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-08-05 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation, Industry Evolution and Employment offers a cross-disciplinary approach to employment creation and economic growth.
Book Synopsis European Competitiveness by : Kirsty S. Hughes
Download or read book European Competitiveness written by Kirsty S. Hughes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-05-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the key factors determining European competitiveness. It focuses in particular on the issues of internationalization of firms and markets, the role of technology and innovation, and of continuing European integration, and deals with these issues on the level of firms, industries and countries. The competitiveness of the EC as a whole, relative to the USA and Japan, is also examined. Part I deals with internationalization, the organization of firms, and the activities of multinationals in Europe. Part II focuses on trends in technological competitiveness, and its importance in growth and trade performance. Part III is concerned with structural change, the integration of the European market, competition and mergers, the role of the public sector, and the role of cultural differences. The book ends by addressing the role of industrial policy in the future of the Eastern European economies.
Book Synopsis Knowledge Capital and the “New Economy” by : Pontus Braunerhjelm
Download or read book Knowledge Capital and the “New Economy” written by Pontus Braunerhjelm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to its proponents, the `new economy' is associated with sustainable growth, increased demand for labor and zero inflation. On the micro-level, this bright avenue into the future is propelled by knowledge capital, flexibility and new ways of organizing production, such as clusters and networks. Progress in information technology, together with massive deregulation on the national and the international levels, have been credited with setting this development into motion. The concept of the `new economy' has been rapidly embraced by politicians, as it seems to offer a way out of the traditional trade-off between unemployment and wage inflation. However, empirical evidence regarding the microeconomic mechanisms of the `new economy' is scarce. Knowledge Capital and the `New Economy': Firm Size, Performance and Network Production intends to narrow this gap by empirically analyzing the composition of knowledge capital and how knowledge capital is distributed across firms of different size. Moreover, the impact of knowledge capital on firms' profitability and international competitiveness is also examined. Finally, we compare cluster dynamics and the institutional set-up in Europe and the U.S., with the purpose of identifying regulations that seem to hinder a conducive environment for expanding and dynamic European clusters. The results of this study emphasize the role of knowledge capital and flexibility. Thus, irrespective of how sustainable the `new economy' turns out to be, the policy implications in terms of providing institutions that facilitate knowledge-enhancing economic activities, flexible markets and transparent incentive structures are undeniable. Countries that fail in this respect may find themselves trailing in the international growth and welfare rankings.
Book Synopsis Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Firms by : Per Davidsson
Download or read book Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Firms written by Per Davidsson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the relationships between the growth of firms and entrepreneurship, the authors have drawn on many individual projects & case studies to provide a comprehensive analysis.
Book Synopsis The Western European Economy by : Allan M. Williams
Download or read book The Western European Economy written by Allan M. Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, originally published in 1987, presents a broad overview of the spatial organization of the European economy, providing a valuable synthesis of recently published material by geographers and other social scientists. A major theme is the interdependence of economic development at various scales. The three main sections look at international and European economic context; detailed changes in particular sectors; specific types if regional economic formations. Case studies are used and reference made to historical processes.
Book Synopsis Competitiveness, Social Responsibility and Economic Growth by : Janez Prašnikar
Download or read book Competitiveness, Social Responsibility and Economic Growth written by Janez Prašnikar and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalisation of the economy have confronted Europe with a question of what are its real competitive capabilities, sustainability of its economy and of the values of typical Europeans. The famous Lisbon Strategy has been an attempt to answer this by creating the knowledge economy. This book analyses the Lisbon Strategy from various perspectives.
