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The Environmental Impact Of The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum On The Coastal Ocean
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Book Synopsis The Environmental Impact of the Paleocene-eocene Thermal Maximum on the Coastal Ocean by : Thomas G. Quattlebaum (Jr.)
Download or read book The Environmental Impact of the Paleocene-eocene Thermal Maximum on the Coastal Ocean written by Thomas G. Quattlebaum (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Planktonic Foraminiferal Response to the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum on the Atlantic Coastal Plain by : Caitlin Livsey
Download or read book The Planktonic Foraminiferal Response to the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum on the Atlantic Coastal Plain written by Caitlin Livsey and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cores on the Atlantic Coastal Plain contain an expanded record of the onset of the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), an abrupt global warming event occurring 55 mya. Though a seemingly well-studied event, details about what exactly occurred during the PETM are still lacking due to differential local effects, absence of precise time resolution, and considerable dissolution of deep sea carbonates at the onset of the event. Here we present high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal assemblage data from cores from Maryland and New Jersey that show significant changes in surface ocean habitats immediately before and during the onset of the event. Assemblages immediately below the PETM show evidence for environmental stress including oligotrophy, while marked changes in assemblages at the onset of the event reflect an increase in stratification. An anomalously high abundance of the stress indicating triserial/biserial planktonic foraminifera in the late Paleocene support the increase in environmental stress directly prior to the event on the coastal plain. We observe Acarinina sibaiyaensis, a species previously thought to have originated during the PETM, below the event at both sites. The appearance of A. sibaiyaensis prior to the PETM in the Atlantic Coastal Plain suggests that it evolved on the shelf in response to oligotrophy and tracked these conditions to the open ocean during the event. Planktonic foraminifera diversified on the shelf during the PETM likely due to a combination of sea level rise, warming of the coastal waters, and consequent increased stratification, which provided new habitats. We present the occurrence of variant morphologies of several planktonic foraminifera near the peak of the carbon isotope excursion at Bass River, which may signal the response of the assemblage to environmental perturbation. These high-resolution records of planktonic foraminifera from before and during the onset of the PETM offer insights into how the local environment shifted across the event, and what that meant for the evolution of Acarinina sibaiyaensis.
Book Synopsis Ocean Acidification by : National Research Council
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Book Synopsis Environmental Changes on the North American Mid-Atlantic Shelf During the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum by : Edward A. Ballaron
Download or read book Environmental Changes on the North American Mid-Atlantic Shelf During the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum written by Edward A. Ballaron and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Changes on the North American Mid-Atlantic Shelf During the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum Edward A. Ballaron The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a large hyperthermal during the Cenozoic (& sim;56 Ma) is characterized by a massive injection of depleted carbon into global reservoirs as indicated by a large negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of 3 & permil;-5 & permil; in marine and terrestrial sedimentary records. Previously studied open ocean (i.e., pelagic) cores have provided evidence for abrupt sea surface warming (5-10 & deg;C) and bottom water warming (4-5 & deg;C) as well as ocean acidification at the onset of the CIE. However, due to low sedimentation rates and truncation of pelagic sections via dissolution at the CIE, pelagic cores appear condensed or incomplete. Sites on the North American mid-Atlantic margin, provide a unique opportunity to examine both marine and terrestrial responses to a large magnitude climatic perturbation. Rapid and abrupt increases in the flux of siliciclastics including kaolinite to the shelf at the onset of the PETM, indicative of an enhanced hydrologic cycle, result in expanded PETM intervals allowing for higher resolution isotopic sampling. Stable isotopic and trace metal data from New Jersey sections (Millville, Ancora, Bass River and Wilson Lake) have also documented rapid warming, coastal ocean acidification and a freshening event at the onset of the CIE in agreement with evidence for an enhanced hydrologic cycle during the PETM. Maryland sections to the south (South Dover Bridge and Cambridge-Dorchester) studied here, are more proximal to the main drainage system in the Salisbury Embayment and therefore should have experienced environmental changes (salinity) to a greater degree than New Jersey sites. Here we present coupled stable isotopic (carbon and oxygen) and trace metal data (Mg/Ca) to constrain both changes in temperature as well as salinity on the Maryland mid-Atlantic shelf during the PETM. Data presented here shows a temperature increase at SDB and Cam-Dor of & sim;4-5 & deg;C for planktonic foraminifera and & sim;5-9 & deg;C for benthic foraminifera with oxygen derived temperatures being consistently larger than Mg/Ca derived temperatures. This indicates some salinity contribution to delta18O, artificially lowering oxygen derived temperatures. This is further supported by salinity calculations which display a freshening event at the onset of the CIE due to increased runoff. Also observed in this data set is a slight weakening in delta13C and delta18O depth gradients on the shelf. Changes in delta18O gradients can perhaps be attributed to greater warming at depth and a destabilization of the thermal stratification of the water column, similar to observations from New Jersey sites Millivlle and Ancora. The breakdown in vertical delta13C gradients was perhaps due to the vertical migration of mixed layer foraminifera taxa seeking refuge from warming surface waters. Another possible explanation for the change in vertical delta13C gradients is a change in upwelling patterns driven by hyperpycnal flow or changes in wind patterns driving coastal upwelling and bringing depleted delta13C to the surface.
Book Synopsis Deep-time Perspectives on Climate Change by : Mark Williams
Download or read book Deep-time Perspectives on Climate Change written by Mark Williams and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2007 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding Earth's Deep Past by : National Research Council
Download or read book Understanding Earth's Deep Past written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little dispute within the scientific community that humans are changing Earth's climate on a decadal to century time-scale. By the end of this century, without a reduction in emissions, atmospheric CO2 is projected to increase to levels that Earth has not experienced for more than 30 million years. As greenhouse gas emissions propel Earth toward a warmer climate state, an improved understanding of climate dynamics in warm environments is needed to inform public policy decisions. In Understanding Earth's Deep Past, the National Research Council reports that rocks and sediments that are millions of years old hold clues to how the Earth's future climate would respond in an environment with high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Understanding Earth's Deep Past provides an assessment of both the demonstrated and underdeveloped potential of the deep-time geologic record to inform us about the dynamics of the global climate system. The report describes past climate changes, and discusses potential impacts of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases on regional climates, water resources, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and the cycling of life-sustaining elements. While revealing gaps in scientific knowledge of past climate states, the report highlights a range of high priority research issues with potential for major advances in the scientific understanding of climate processes. This proposed integrated, deep-time climate research program would study how climate responded over Earth's different climate states, examine how climate responds to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and clarify the processes that lead to anomalously warm polar and tropical regions and the impact on marine and terrestrial life. In addition to outlining a research agenda, Understanding Earth's Deep Past proposes an implementation strategy that will be an invaluable resource to decision-makers in the field, as well as the research community, advocacy organizations, government agencies, and college professors and students.
Book Synopsis The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum by : Eric Petermann
Download or read book The Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum written by Eric Petermann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-12-10 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Geology, Mineralogy, Soil Science, grade: 1,3, University of Leipzig (Institut für Geophysik und Geologie), course: M.Sc. Modul Paläoklimatologie, language: English, abstract: At the Paleocene/Eocene boundary (55 Ma BP) a general global warming trend was overruled by an outstanding 4-6 °C (Dickens et al. 1997; Zachos et al. 2001) short-term warming event. This information is derived from a -2 to -3‰ negative δ 18O excursion accompanied by an -2.5 ‰ δ13C excursion (Fig.1). Both isotope excursions occur simultaneously and reach their minimal values very rapidly within less than 10 ka. They return to initial values after ~200 ka. PETM climate conditions resulted in extinction of archaic mammals while modern mammalian ancestors have appeared as well as in extinction or temporal disappearance of many deep-sea species (Dickens et al. 1997). δ 18O values of benthic foraminifera of all oceans and planktic foraminifera at high-latitude locations are marked by a sharp decrease (Fig.1) indicating a striking global temperature increase of the deep-sea and high-latitude surface water temperatures (Dickens et al. 1997). A simultaneous negative δ13C excursion is documented in marine as well as in terrestrial environments all over the world. The carbon isotope excursion is attributed to the release of massive quantities of biogenic methane (δ13C = -60‰) adding large amounts of 12C to the inorganic carbon reservoir. Mass balance calculations suggest a transfer of 1400 to 2800 Gt (Dickens et al.1997) respectively 1500 to 2200 Gt (Katz et al. 2001) of CH4 to the ocean/atmosphere system to explain the negative carbon isotope excursion.
Book Synopsis The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time by : David J. Cantrill
Download or read book The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time written by David J. Cantrill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-22 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fossil history of plant life in Antarctica is central to our understanding of the evolution of vegetation through geological time and also plays a key role in reconstructing past configurations of the continents and associated climatic conditions. This book provides the only detailed overview of the development of Antarctic vegetation from the Devonian period to the present day, presenting Earth scientists with valuable insights into the break up of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. Details of specific floras and ecosystems are provided within the context of changing geological, geographical and environmental conditions, alongside comparisons with contemporaneous and modern ecosystems. The authors demonstrate how palaeobotany contributes to our understanding of the paleoenvironmental changes in the southern hemisphere during this period of Earth history. The book is a complete and up-to-date reference for researchers and students in Antarctic paleobotany and terrestrial paleoecology.
Book Synopsis Managing Ocean Environments in a Changing Climate by : Kevin J. Noone
Download or read book Managing Ocean Environments in a Changing Climate written by Kevin J. Noone and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing Ocean Environments in a Changing Climate summarizes the current state of several threats to the global oceans. What distinguishes this book most from previous works is that this book begins with a holistic, global-scale focus for the first several chapters and then provides an example of how this approach can be applied on a regional scale, for the Pacific region. Previous works usually have compiled local studies, which are essentially impossible to properly integrate to the global scale. The editors have engaged leading scientists in a number of areas, such as fisheries and marine ecosystems, ocean chemistry, marine biogeochemical cycling, oceans and climate change, and economics, to examine the threats to the oceans both individually and collectively, provide gross estimates of the economic and societal impacts of these threats, and deliver high-level recommendations. Nominated for a Katerva Award in 2012 in the Economy category State of the science reviews by known marine experts provide a concise, readable presentation written at a level for managers and students Links environmental and economic aspects of ocean threats and provides an economic analysis of action versus inaction Provides recommendations for stakeholders to help stimulate the development of policies that would help move toward sustainable use of marine resources and services
Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene by : Scott L. Wing
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene written by Scott L. Wing and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit by : Jan Zalasiewicz
Download or read book The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit written by Jan Zalasiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the evidence underpinning the Anthropocene as a geological epoch written by the Anthropocene Working Group investigating it. The book discusses ongoing changes to the Earth system within the context of deep geological time, allowing a comparison between the global transition taking place today with major transitions in Earth history.
Book Synopsis Polar Environments and Global Change by : Roger G. Barry
Download or read book Polar Environments and Global Change written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric processes, present and past conditions, and changes in polar environments.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen in the Marine Environment by : Edward J. Carpenter
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Marine Environment written by Edward J. Carpenter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Marine Environment provides information pertinent to the many aspects of the nitrogen cycle. This book presents the advances in ocean productivity research, with emphasis on the role of microbes in nitrogen transformations with excursions to higher trophic levels. Organized into 24 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the abundance and distribution of the various forms of nitrogen in a number of estuaries. This text then provides a comparison of the nitrogen cycling of various ecosystems within the marine environment. Other chapters consider chemical distributions and methodology as an aid to those entering the field. This book discusses as well the enzymology of the initial steps of inorganic nitrogen assimilation. The final chapter deals with the philosophy and application of modeling as an investigative method in basic research on nitrogen dynamics in coastal and open-ocean marine environments. This book is a valuable resource for plant biochemists, microbiologists, aquatic ecologists, and bacteriologists.
Book Synopsis The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Marine Response by : Tina M. J. Nielsen
Download or read book The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Marine Response written by Tina M. J. Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Late Paleocene-early Eocene Climatic and Biotic Events in the Marine and Terrestrial Records by : Marie-Pierre Aubry
Download or read book Late Paleocene-early Eocene Climatic and Biotic Events in the Marine and Terrestrial Records written by Marie-Pierre Aubry and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive collection of the best scholarship available on the transition between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs--when the earth experienced the warmest climatic episode of the Cenozoic era. These 21 contributions detail the major turnover among marine and terrestrial organisms that resulted from sudden global warming.
Book Synopsis Applications of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs by : F. Marret
Download or read book Applications of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs written by F. Marret and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-awaited book about non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) aims to cover gaps in our knowledge of these abundant but understudied palynological remains. NPPs, such as fungal spores, testate amoebae, dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs and animal remains, are routinely recovered from palynological preparations of marine or terrestrial material, from Proterozoic to recent geological times. This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview of the different types of NPPs, with examples from diverse time periods and environments. It provides guidance on sample preparation to maximize the recovery of these NPPs, detailed information on their diversity and ecological affinity, clarification on the nomenclature and demonstrates their value as environmental indicators. This volume will become the reference guide for any student, academic or practitioner interested in everything else in their palynological preparations.
Book Synopsis Fluvial Response to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in Western North America by : Brady Z. Foreman
Download or read book Fluvial Response to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in Western North America written by Brady Z. Foreman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paleocene-Eocene boundary ca. 56 million years ago is characterized by an extreme global warming event, known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The event is linked to the massive exogenic release of isotopically-light carbon into Earth's oceans and atmosphere, and is recognizable in the geologic record by an abrupt negative carbon isotope excursion in both organic and inorganic proxy records for duration of approximately 200,000 years. Previous studies indicate the PETM instigated massive changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation, which perturbed both terrestrial and marine environmental conditions and biotic systems. This study exploits the PETM to examine the effects of abrupt climate change on fluvial stratigraphy. The negative carbon isotope excursion associated with the PETM allows the timing and duration of the climate change to be identified independent of lithostratigraphic markers. Local climate shifts are constrained using circulation models, soil geochemistry, and paleobotanical records. Two areas are studied in detail, the Piceance Creek Basin of Colorado and the northern Bighorn Basin of Wyoming. In both areas anomalously thick and laterally persistent fluvial sand-bodies correlate with the PETM interval. In the Piceance Creek Basin the shift in fluvial deposition directly correlates with the onset of the PETM and persists beyond the carbon isotope excursion, whereas in the northern Bighorn Basin the shift appears to lag the isotope excursion by 10-20 thousand years and ends prior to the return to background climatic conditions. In the Piceance Creek Basin the change in sand-body geometry is associated with a shift to deeper paleoflow depths, wider channels, greater preservation of upper flow regime structures, prevalent crevasse splay deposits, and poorer drained floodplain soils. In contrast, within the Bighorn Basin there are no such changes and, apart from greater amalgamation, fluvial deposition appears to be largely unaffected by the PETM. When combined with other PETM terrestrial localities, the records demonstrate the PETM had substantial, but spatially diverse effects on basin-scale grain-size partitioning, discharge regimes, and river-floodplain dynamics. Aspects of the responses in the various basins are reminiscent of those predicted by two-dimensional basin-fill models, however, key differences highlight the role non-linearities, feedback loops, relaxation times, basin geometry, seasonality of precipitation, and vegetation factors play in determining large-scale depositional patterns. Consequently, it is concluded that short-term climatic events such as the PETM hold the potential to strongly alter basin sedimentation patterns, but that the sedimentologic-recorded climatic signal cannot be used to directly reconstruct paleoclimatic conditions. Instead a more appropriate approach is advocated that uses fluvial stratigraphy in concert with geochemical and other proxies to iteratively produce a more robust image of paleolandscape dynamics.
