The Encyclopedists As Individuals

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The Encyclopedists as Individuals

Author : Frank A. Kafker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Encyclopedists as Individuals by : Frank A. Kafker

Download or read book The Encyclopedists as Individuals written by Frank A. Kafker and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the Encyclop die is one of the landmarks of eighteenth-century thought and one of the most famous encyclopedias of all time, most of its collaborators are scarcely known. This is unfair and misleading: the editors, Diderot and d'Alembert, were able directors and prolific contributors, but they needed the help of many others to complete such an ambitious and trying enterprise. This biological dictionary also seeks to deepen our knowledge of the Encyclopedists. Scholars frequently generalise about the contributors' social background, politics, religious beliefs, and other matters without being able to speak knowledgeably about many more than a dozen Encyclopedists. But, as we shall see, the Encyclopedists do not lend themselves to stereotypes. They were not a sect of like-minded thinkers, even though contemporaries and later historians believed otherwise. Some of them met at such salons as the baron d'Holbach's and madame d'Epinay's or at such learned societies as the Paris Acad mie royale des sciences or the Acad mie fran aise; but others did not know each other, and they certainly did not try to co-ordinate policies. Even if they had, they would have failed. These biographical profiles indicate that the Encyclopedists were not united by a common social background, occupation, or ideology. Dissimilarities among the Encyclopedists are not surprising considering how they came to write for the enterprise. At the start, the publishers and their first editor, Jean-Paul de Gua de Malves, recruited people to help them revise and translate Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia. After Diderot and d'Alembert had assumed the editorship, the work took on a polemical purpose - to reform the Old Regime. But it also remained a general encyclopedia requiring contributors with a knowledge of such non-controversial subjects as the harp, wood engraving, or bridge building. Also, on controversial subjects, the editors accepted contributions that differed from their own opinions. Scholars pursuing research in prosopography, social history, and many facets of the eighteenth century will find something of value in profiles of so many men of letters, clergymen, artisans, physicians, and scientists.

The Encyclopedists as a Group

Author : Frank A. Kafker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Encyclopedists as a Group by : Frank A. Kafker

Download or read book The Encyclopedists as a Group written by Frank A. Kafker and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collective biography examines the similarities and differences among the 140 collaborators identified as having written articles for the seventeen folio volumes of text. It discusses the following topics: the family background, formal education, and occupational choice of the encyclopedists; how and where they were recruited for the Encyclop die and their compensation; their contributions to the work and wheter they were censored or persecuted or both because of them; their political and religious ideas; their productivity in old age; and, for those who lived past 1789, how they reacted to the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon. In this book Frank A. kafker challenges a stereotype that has grown up about the Encyclopedits. Many scholars continue a tradition of writing about them as if they were united in a campaign to destroy the Old Regime. But they were, moreover, a varied collection of men of letters, physicians, scientists, craftsmen, scholars, and others, each frequently supporting his own point of view with little central direction. The Encyclop die became not a party statement but rather a great compendium of knowledge, a mixture of ideas - some progressive and some conservative - filled with contradictions and innovations.

A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier

Author : Elizabeth A. Williams
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351962566
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier by : Elizabeth A. Williams

Download or read book A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier written by Elizabeth A. Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key themes of the Enlightenment was the search for universal laws and truths that would help illuminate the workings of the universe. It is in such attitudes that we trace the origins of modern science and medicine. However, not all eighteenth century scientists and physicians believed that such universal laws could be found, particularly in relation to the differences between living and inanimate matter. From the 1740s physicians working in the University of Medicine of Montpellier began to contest Descartes's dualist concept of the body-machine that was being championed by leading Parisian medical 'mechanists'. In place of the body-machine perspective that sought laws universally valid for all phenomena, the vitalists postulated a distinction being living and other matter, offering a holistic understanding of the physical-moral relation in place of mind-body dualism. Their medicine was not based on mathematics and the unity of the sciences, but on observation of the individual patient and the harmonious activities of the 'body-economy'. Vitalists believed that Illness was a result of disharmony in this 'body-economy' which could only be remedied on an individual level depending on the patient's own 'natural' limitations. The limitations were established by a myriad of factors such as sex, class, age, temperament, region, and race, which negated the use of a single universal treatment for a particular ailment. Ultimately Montpelier medicine was eclipsed by that of Paris, a development linked to the dynamics of the Enlightenment as a movement bent on cultural centralisation, acquiring a reputation as a kind of anti-science of the exotic and the mad. Given the long-standing Paris-centrism of French cultural history, Montpellier vitalism has never been accorded the attention it deserves by historians. This study repairs that neglect.

Literature and Encyclopedism in Enlightenment Britain

Author : Seth Rudy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137411546
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Literature and Encyclopedism in Enlightenment Britain by : Seth Rudy

Download or read book Literature and Encyclopedism in Enlightenment Britain written by Seth Rudy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literature and Encyclopedism in Enlightenment Britain tells the story of long-term aspirations to comprehend, record, and disseminate complete knowledge of the world. It draws on a wide range of literary and non-literary works from the early modern era and British Enlightenment.

The Book of the People

Author : Dan Tsahor
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311106302X
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Book of the People by : Dan Tsahor

Download or read book The Book of the People written by Dan Tsahor and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hebrew encyclopedias have an intriguing history. The genre, which began as modest initiatives to disseminate general knowledge and strengthen literacy among Russian Jews, quickly became the most popular in modern Hebrew literature, with tens of thousands of subscribers to publications such as Encyclopaedia Hebraica and Encyclopaedia Biblica. The makers of these vast bodies of knowledge hoped to demonstrate Hebrew’s mimetic power and the vitality of newly created Jewish research institutions. They also hoped that the encyclopedias would be an essential tool in shaping and reshaping Zionist national culture and nurturing an ideal national persona. Thus, the printed pages of the encyclopedias give us unique access to what Zionists were saying about themselves, how they perceived their neighbors, and what they were hoping for the future, thereby going beyond the official Zionists documents, newspaper articles, and the writings of intellectuals that have been used extensively by historians to narrate national consciousness. By bringing to the fore these unique texts, The Book of the People presents common perceptions of memory and collective identity that often do not fit with the narratives offered by historians of Zionism. In doing so, the book also exposes ethical codes that regulated the production of Zionist knowledge and endowed the encyclopedias with a rare status as a bona fide source for truths by people from diverse political and social backgrounds.

Western Conceptions of the Individual

Author : Brian Morris
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040279716
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Western Conceptions of the Individual by : Brian Morris

Download or read book Western Conceptions of the Individual written by Brian Morris and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive study of the varying conceptions of the human subject in the Western intellectual tradition. Although informed by an anthropological perspective, the author draws on material from all the major intellectual disciplines that have contributed to this tradition and offers biographical and theoretical vignettes of all the major Western scholars. By scrutinizing the classical texts of the Western tradition, he succeeds in delineating the differing conceptions of the human individual which emerge from these writings, and gives a guide to the most important ideas in Western cultural traditions.

Diderot Studies

Author : Diana Guiragossian
Publisher : Librairie Droz
ISBN 13 : 9782600004589
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Diderot Studies by : Diana Guiragossian

Download or read book Diderot Studies written by Diana Guiragossian and published by Librairie Droz. This book was released on 2000 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge

Author : Peter B. Kaufman
Publisher : Seven Stories Press
ISBN 13 : 1644210614
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (442 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge by : Peter B. Kaufman

Download or read book The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge written by Peter B. Kaufman and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we create a universe of truthful and verifiable information, available to everyone? In The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge, MIT Open Learning’s Peter B. Kaufman describes the powerful forces that have purposely crippled our efforts to share knowledge widely and freely. Popes and their inquisitors, emperors and their hangmen, commissars and their secret police—throughout history, all have sought to stanch the free flow of information. Kaufman writes of times when the Bible could not be translated—you’d be burned for trying; when dictionaries and encyclopedias were forbidden; when literature and science and history books were trashed and pulped—sometimes along with their authors; and when efforts to develop public television and radio networks were quashed by private industry. In the 21st century, the enemies of free thought have taken on new and different guises—giant corporate behemoths, sprawling national security agencies, gutted regulatory commissions. Bereft of any real moral compass or sense of social responsibility, their work to surveil and control us are no less nefarious than their 16th- and 18th- and 20th- century predecessors. They are all part of what Kaufman calls the Monsterverse. The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge maps out the opportunities to mobilize for the fight ahead of us. With the Internet and other means of media production and distribution—video especially—at hand, knowledge institutions like universities, libraries, museums, and archives have a special responsibility now to counter misinformation, disinformation, and fake news—and especially efforts to control the free flow of information. A film and video producer and former book publisher, Kaufman begins to draft a new social contract for our networked video age. He draws his inspiration from those who fought tooth and nail against earlier incarnations of the Monsterverse—including William Tyndale in the 16th century; Denis Diderot in the 18th; untold numbers of Soviet and Central and East European dissidents in the 20th—many of whom paid the ultimate price. Their successors? Advocates of free knowledge like Aaron Swartz, of free software like Richard Stallman, of an enlightened public television and radio network like James Killian, of a freer Internet like Tim Berners-Lee, of fuller rights and freedoms like Edward Snowden. All have been striving to secure for us a better world, marked by the right balance between state, society, and private gain. The concluding section of the book, its largest piece, builds on their work, drawing up a progressive agenda for how today’s free thinkers can band together now to fight and win. With everything shut and everyone going online, The New Enlightenment and the Fight to Free Knowledge is a rousing call to action that expands the definition of what it means to be a citizen in the 21st century.

Voltaire in Exile

Author : Ian Davidson
Publisher : Grove Press
ISBN 13 : 9780802142368
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Voltaire in Exile by : Ian Davidson

Download or read book Voltaire in Exile written by Ian Davidson and published by Grove Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Voltaire in Exile, Ian Davidson has re-created this period in the life of one of the giant figures of the Enlightenment. By painstakingly translating the rich correspondence between Voltaire and his family, members of the Court at Versailles, and the French intellectual elite, Davidson allows us to discover Voltaire the artist, the campaigner, the aesthete, the lover, the humorist. The result is a portrait of this funny, iconoclastic, complex, and ferociously intelligent individual - the man Diderot described as "the unique man of the century.""--Jacket.

Blueprint

Author : Stephen Werner
Publisher : Summa Publications, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9780917786969
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis Blueprint by : Stephen Werner

Download or read book Blueprint written by Stephen Werner and published by Summa Publications, Inc.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2,569 engraved plates of the Encyclopedie are as central to its meaning as the articles or cross-references themselves. Plates change the discourse of "encyclopedisme" through a novel collaborative effort of written texts and pictures. With vignettes of Paris as their backdrop, they endorse an aesthetic of urban merveilleux. Ultimately they rewrite the encyclopedia genre. The Encyclopedie is far more than a traditional "illustrated" reference work; it is a modern pictorial encyclopedia. Its visionary or "blueprint" qualities are unique and were conceived by Diderot, the chief sponsor and architect of the plates. This work is richly illustrated with reproductions of the original plates. An exhaustive bibliography adds to the functional nature of this study. "Un petit livre tres excitant." --Dix-huitieme Siecle. "...this study is a fruitful examination of the Encyclopedie as an indisputable coherent fusion of the textual and the pictorial. It points the way to further investigation of what still remains a largely unexplored labyrinth of Enlightenment ideologies, values and concerns." --British Journal of Eighteenth-Century Studies.

This Is Enlightenment

Author : Clifford Siskin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226761460
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis This Is Enlightenment by : Clifford Siskin

Download or read book This Is Enlightenment written by Clifford Siskin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debates about the nature of the Enlightenment date to the eighteenth century, when Imanual Kant himself addressed the question, “What is Enlightenment?” The contributors to this ambitious book offer a paradigm-shifting answer to that now-famous query: Enlightenment is an event in the history of mediation. Enlightenment, they argue, needs to be engaged within the newly broad sense of mediation introduced here—not only oral, visual, written, and printed media, but everything that intervenes, enables, supplements, or is simply in between. With essays addressing infrastructure and genres, associational practices and protocols, this volume establishes mediation as the condition of possibility for enlightenment. In so doing, it not only answers Kant’s query; it also poses its own broader question: how would foregrounding mediation change the kinds and areas of inquiry in our own epoch? This Is Enlightenment is a landmark volumewith the polemical force and archival depth to start a conversation that extends across the disciplines that the Enlightenment itself first configured.

Prosopography Approaches and Applications

Author : K. S. B. Keats-Rohan
Publisher : Occasional Publications UPR
ISBN 13 : 1900934124
Total Pages : 657 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Prosopography Approaches and Applications by : K. S. B. Keats-Rohan

Download or read book Prosopography Approaches and Applications written by K. S. B. Keats-Rohan and published by Occasional Publications UPR. This book was released on 2007 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 29 essays, ranging from ancient to modern history and including Arabic-Islamic prosopography, covers all aspects of prosopography as currently practised.

Foundation

Author : D. G. Leahy
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791420225
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundation by : D. G. Leahy

Download or read book Foundation written by D. G. Leahy and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the ontological and logical foundation of a new form of thinking, the beginning of an absolute phenomenology. It does so in the context of the history of thought in Europe and America. It explores the ramifications of a categorically new logic. Thinkers dealt with include Plato, Galileo, Hegel, Kierkegaard, Marx, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, Peirce, James, Dewey, Derrida, McDermott, and Altizer.

The Complete Works of W. H. Auden

Author : Wystan Hugh Auden
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691089355
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis The Complete Works of W. H. Auden by : Wystan Hugh Auden

Download or read book The Complete Works of W. H. Auden written by Wystan Hugh Auden and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 5. This fifth volume of W. H. Auden's prose displays a great writer's mind in its full maturity of wisdom, learning, and emotional and moral intelligence. It contains his most personally revealing essays, the ones in which he wrote for the first time about the full history of his family life, his sexuality, and the development of his moral and religious beliefs. Among these works are the lightly disguised autobiographies that appear in long essays on the Protestant mystics and on Shakespeare's sonnets. The book also features the full text of his T. S. Eliot Memorial Lectures, Secondary Worlds, and many unpublished or unavailable lectures and speeches. Edward Mendelson's introduction and comprehensive notes provide biographical and historical explanations of obscure references. The text includes corrections and revisions that Auden marked in personal copies of his work and that are published here for the first time.

The Jewish People

Author : David J. Goldberg
Publisher : Faber & Faber
ISBN 13 : 0571288359
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (712 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jewish People by : David J. Goldberg

Download or read book The Jewish People written by David J. Goldberg and published by Faber & Faber. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This handsomely produced and interestingly illustrated volume is two works in one. The first part offers a survey of Jewish history and literature. The second part presents what the preface describes as 'a thematic analysis of the teachings and practices of Judaism.'' Israel Finestein, Jewish Chronicle 'Fluently written, with an admirable fair-mindedness in surveying both history and belief.' A.J. Shermann, Times Literary Supplement 'The intelligent non-expert gets a clear picture of Jewish life, letters and history and it will be an endlessly useful reference book.' Julia Neuberger, Times Educational Supplement 'A wide-ranging account of things Jewish that one can truly recommend to intellectually curious Gentiles, as well as to the majority of modern secularized Jews who know relatively little about their complex tradition.' Louis Marcus, Irish Times

The Reformation of Common Learning

Author : Howard Hotson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192552961
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reformation of Common Learning by : Howard Hotson

Download or read book The Reformation of Common Learning written by Howard Hotson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-24 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ramism was the most innovative and disruptive educational reform movement to sweep through the international Protestant world in the latter sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. During the 1620s, the Thirty Years' War destroyed the network of central European academies and universities which had generated most of this innovation. Students and teachers, fleeing the conflict in all directions, transplanted that tradition into many different geographical and cultural contexts in which it bore are wide variety of interrelated fruit. Within the Dutch Republic, post-Ramist method played a crucial role in the rapid assimilation of Cartesianism into a network of thriving young academies and universities. From England to east-central Europe, the tradition was no less important in accelerating the reception of Baconianism. In the easternmost outpost of the Reformed world in Transylvania, the displaced tradition generated a final flourishing of philosophical innovation which exercised a formative influence on the young Leibniz. The failure of all of these efforts to assemble the fruits of this tradition into an encyclopaedic synthesis marks a major watershed in Western intellectual history. The Reformation of Common Learning brings together all of these aspects of the tradition in a manner which roots them in deeper historical developments and relates a series of far-flung and poorly understood developments together in new ways.

The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church

Author : Frank Leslie Cross
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0192802909
Total Pages : 1842 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church by : Frank Leslie Cross

Download or read book The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church written by Frank Leslie Cross and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uniquely authoritative and wide-ranging in its scope, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church is the indispensable one-volume reference work on all aspects of the Christian Church. It contains over 6,000 cross-referenced A-Z entries, and offers unrivalled coverage of all aspects of this vast and often complex subject, including theology, churches and denominations, patristic scholarship, the bible, the church calendar and its organization, popes, archbishops, saints, and mystics. In this revision, innumerable small changes have been made to take into account shifts in scholarly opinion, recent developments, such as the Church of England's new prayer book (Common Worship), RC canonizations, ecumenical advances and mergers, and, where possible, statistics. A number of existing articles have been rewritten to reflect new evidence or understanding, for example the Holy Sepulchre entry, and there are a few new articles. Perhaps most significantly, a great number of the bibliographies have been updated. Established since its first appearance in 1957 as an essential resource for ordinands, clergy, and members of religious orders, ODCC is an invaluable tool for academics, teachers, and students of church history and theology, as well as for the general reader.