The Emergence Of Illiberalism

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The Emergence of Illiberalism

Author : Boris Vormann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100007918X
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Emergence of Illiberalism by : Boris Vormann

Download or read book The Emergence of Illiberalism written by Boris Vormann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-26 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As illiberal and authoritarian trends are on the rise—both in fragile and seemingly robust democracies—there is growing concern about the longevity of liberalism and democracy. The purpose of this volume is to draw on the analytical resources of various disciplines and public policy approaches to reflect on the current standing of liberal democracy. Leading social scientists from different disciplinary backgrounds aim to examine the ideological and structural roots of the current crisis of liberal democracies, in the West and beyond, conceptually and empirically. The volume is divided into two main parts: Part I explores tensions between liberalism and democracy in a longer-term, historical perspective to explain immanent vulnerabilities of liberal democracy. Authors examine the conceptual foundations of Western liberal democracy that have shaped its standing in the contemporary world. What lies at the core of illiberal tendencies? Part II explores case studies from the North Atlantic, Eastern Europe, Turkey, India, Japan, and Brazil, raising questions whether democratic crises, manifested in the rise of populist movements in and beyond the Western context, differ in kind or only in degree. How can we explain the current popular appeal of authoritarian governments and illiberal ideas? The Emergence of Illiberalism will be of great interest to teachers and students of politics, sociology, political theory and comparative government.

The Rise of Illiberalism

Author : Thomas J. Main
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815738501
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of Illiberalism by : Thomas J. Main

Download or read book The Rise of Illiberalism written by Thomas J. Main and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " How a more positive form of identity politics can restore public trust in government Illiberalism, Thomas Main writes, is the basic repudiation of liberal democracy, the very foundation on which the United States rests. It says no to electoral democracy, human rights, the rule of law, toleration. It is a political ideology that finds expression in such older right-wing extremist groups as the Ku Klux Klan and white supremacists and more recently among the Alt-Right and the Dark Enlightenment. There are also left-of-center illiberal movements, including various forms of communism, anarchism, and some antifascist movements. The Rise of Illiberalism explores the philosophical underpinnings of this toxic political ideology and documents how it has infiltrated the mainstream of political discourse in the United States. By the early twenty-first century, Main writes, liberal democracy’s failure to deal adequately with social problems created a space illiberal movements could exploit to promote their particular brands of identity politics as an alternative. A critical need thus is for what the author calls “positive identity politics,” or a widely shared sense of community that gives a feeling of equal importance to all sectors of society. Achieving this goal will, however, be an enormous challenge. In seeking actionable remedies for the broken political system of the United States, this book makes a major scholarly contribution to current debates about the future of liberal democracy. "

The Illiberal Imagination

Author : Joe Shapiro
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813940524
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Illiberal Imagination by : Joe Shapiro

Download or read book The Illiberal Imagination written by Joe Shapiro and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Illiberal Imagination offers a synthetic, historical formalist account of how—and to what end—U.S. novels from the late eighteenth century to the mid-1850s represented economic inequality and radical forms of economic egalitarianism in the new nation. In conversation with intellectual, social, and labor history, this study tracks the representation of class inequality and conflict across five subgenres of the early U.S. novel: the Bildungsroman, the episodic travel narrative, the sentimental novel, the frontier romance, and the anti-slavery novel. Through close readings of the works of foundational U.S. novelists, including Charles Brockden Brown, Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, James Fenimore Cooper, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, Joe Shapiro demonstrates that while voices of economic egalitarianism and working-class protest find their ways into a variety of early U.S. novels, these novels are anything but radically dialogic; instead, he argues, they push back against emergent forms of class consciousness by working to naturalize class inequality among whites. The Illiberal Imagination thus enhances our understanding of both the early U.S. novel and the history of the way that class has been imagined in the United States.

Routledge Handbook of Illiberalism

Author : András Sajó
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000479455
Total Pages : 1024 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Illiberalism by : András Sajó

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Illiberalism written by András Sajó and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of IIliberalism is the first authoritative reference work dedicated to illiberalism as a complex social, political, cultural, legal, and mental phenomenon. Although illiberalism is most often discussed in political and constitutional terms, its study cannot be limited to such narrow frames. This Handbook comprises sixty individual chapters authored by an internationally recognized group of experts who present perspectives and viewpoints from a wide range of academic disciplines. Chapters are devoted to different facets of illiberalism, including the history of the idea and its competitors, its implications for the economy, society, government and the international order, and its contemporary iterations in representative countries and regions. The Routledge Handbook of IIliberalism will form an important component of any library's holding; it will be of benefit as an academic reference, as well as being an indispensable resource for practitioners, among them journalists, policy makers and analysts, who wish to gain an informed understanding of this complex phenomenon.

Illiberal Politics in Southeast Europe

Author : Damir Kapidžić
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000460746
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Illiberal Politics in Southeast Europe by : Damir Kapidžić

Download or read book Illiberal Politics in Southeast Europe written by Damir Kapidžić and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is increasingly becoming less democratic and this trend has not left Southeast Europe untouched. But instead of democratic breakdown what we are witnessing is a gradual decline and the rise of competitive authoritarian regimes. This book aims to give a country-by-country overview of how illiberal politics has led to a decline in democracy and the re-emergence of autocratic governance in Southeast Europe, more specifically in the Western Balkans. It defines illiberal politics as the everyday practices through which ruling parties undermine democratic institutions in order to remain in power. Individual chapters examine recent political developments and identify practices of illiberal politics that target electoral institutions, rule of law, media freedom, judicial independence, and enable political patronage, while several thematic chapters comparatively explore cross-regional patterns. This book addresses academics, policymakers, and practitioners with professional interest in Southeast Europe or democratic decline and is both timely and relevant as the European Union attempts to reengage with the countries of the Western Balkans. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies.

Democratic Decline in Hungary

Author : András L. Pap
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351684671
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratic Decline in Hungary by : András L. Pap

Download or read book Democratic Decline in Hungary written by András L. Pap and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the rise and morphology of a self-identified `illiberal democracy’, the first 21st century illiberal political regime arising in the European Union. Since 2010, Viktor Orbán’s governments in Hungary have convincingly offered an anti-modernist and anti-cosmopolitan/anti-European Unionist rhetoric, discourse and constitutional identity to challenge neo-liberal democracy. The Hungarian case provides unique observation points for students of transitology, especially those who are interested in states which are to abandon pathways of liberal democracy. The author demonstrates how illiberalism is present both in `how’ and `what’ is being done: the style, format and procedure of legislation; as well as the substance: the dismantling of institutional rule of law guarantees and the weakening of checks and balances. The book also discusses the ideological commitments and constitutionally framed and cemented value preferences, and a reconstituted and re-conceptualized relationship between the state and its citizens, which is not evidently supported by Hungarians’ value system and life-style choices.

Ruling by Cheating

Author : András Sajó
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108956319
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Ruling by Cheating by : András Sajó

Download or read book Ruling by Cheating written by András Sajó and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-12 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is widespread agreement that democracy today faces unprecedented challenges. Populism has pushed governments in new and surprising constitutional directions. Analysing the constitutional system of illiberal democracies (from Venezuela to Poland) and illiberal phenomena in 'mature democracies' that are justified in the name of 'the will of the people', this book explains that this drift to mild despotism is not authoritarianism, but an abuse of constitutionalism. Illiberal governments claim that they are as democratic and constitutional as any other. They also claim that they are more popular and therefore more genuine because their rule is based on conservative, plebeian and 'patriotic' constitutional and rule of law values rather than the values liberals espouse. However, this book shows that these claims are deeply deceptive - an abuse of constitutionalism and the rule of law, not a different conception of these ideas.

The Hungarian Patient

Author : Peter Krasztev
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 6155053081
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hungarian Patient by : Peter Krasztev

Download or read book The Hungarian Patient written by Peter Krasztev and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents compelling essays by leading Hungarian and foreign authors on the variety of social movements and parties that seek influence and power in a Hungary mired in deep and manifold crisis. The main question the volume tries to answer is: what can we expect after the fall of the semi-authoritarian Orb n regime in Hungary.ÿ Who will be the new players?ÿ What are their backgrounds? What are their political and social ideals, intentions and methods? The studies in the first section of the volume provide the reader with the reasons of the emergence of these new movements: a deep analysis of the historical, political and cultural background of the current situation. The second part contains essays and case studies which challenge the movements and parties involved to look beyond their current ineffectiveness, and to find ways of meeting the challenges that would allow them to exercise responsible and effective leadership in their time and place. This collection would be the first of the kind both in the field of movement theory/history and democracy studies because it reflects on very recent developments not researched in the international scholarly literature. One would not be able to understand contemporary Hungarian society without reading it before the 2014 elections.

Illiberal Reformers

Author : Thomas C. Leonard
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691175861
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Illiberal Reformers by : Thomas C. Leonard

Download or read book Illiberal Reformers written by Thomas C. Leonard and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Illiberal Reformers, Thomas Leonard reexamines the economic progressives whose ideas and reform agenda underwrote the Progressive Era dismantling of laissez-faire and the creation of the regulatory welfare state, which, they believed, would humanize and rationalize industrial capitalism. But not for all. Academic social scientists such as Richard T. Ely, John R. Commons, and Edward A. Ross, together with their reform allies in social work, charity, journalism, and law, played a pivotal role in establishing minimum-wage and maximum-hours laws, workmen's compensation, progressive income taxes, antitrust regulation, and other hallmarks of the regulatory welfare state. But even as they offered uplift to some, economic progressives advocated exclusion for others, and did both in the name of progress. Leonard meticulously reconstructs the influence of Darwinism, racial science, and eugenics on scholars and activists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, revealing a reform community deeply ambivalent about America's poor. Economic progressives championed labor legislation because it would lift up the deserving poor while excluding immigrants, African Americans, women, and 'mental defectives, ' whom they vilified as low-wage threats to the American workingman and to Anglo-Saxon race integrity. Economic progressives rejected property and contract rights as illegitimate barriers to needed reforms. But their disregard for civil liberties extended much further. Illiberal Reformers shows that the intellectual champions of the regulatory welfare state proposed using it not to help those they portrayed as hereditary inferiors, but to exclude them. -- Provided by publisher.

Authoritarianism Goes Global

Author : Larry Diamond
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 142141998X
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Authoritarianism Goes Global by : Larry Diamond

Download or read book Authoritarianism Goes Global written by Larry Diamond and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With democracy in decline, authoritarian governments are staging a comeback around the world. Over the past decade, illiberal powers have become emboldened and gained influence within the global arena. Leading authoritarian countries—including China, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela—have developed new tools and strategies to contain the spread of democracy and challenge the liberal international political order. Meanwhile, the advanced democracies have retreated, failing to respond to the threat posed by the authoritarians. As undemocratic regimes become more assertive, they are working together to repress civil society while tightening their grip on cyberspace and expanding their reach in international media. These political changes have fostered the emergence of new counternorms—such as the authoritarian subversion of credible election monitoring—that threaten to further erode the global standing of liberal democracy. In Authoritarianism Goes Global, a distinguished group of contributors present fresh insights on the complicated issues surrounding the authoritarian resurgence and the implications of these systemic shifts for the international order. This collection of essays is critical for advancing our understanding of the emerging challenges to democratic development. Contributors: Anne Applebaum, Anne-Marie Brady, Alexander Cooley, Javier Corrales, Ron Deibert, Larry Diamond, Patrick Merloe, Abbas Milani, Andrew Nathan, Marc F. Plattner, Peter Pomerantsev, Douglas Rutzen, Lilia Shevtsova, Alex Vatanka, Christopher Walker, and Frederic Wehrey

Anti-System Politics

Author : Jonathan Hopkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190699760
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Anti-System Politics by : Jonathan Hopkin

Download or read book Anti-System Politics written by Jonathan Hopkin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent elections in the advanced western democracies have undermined the basic foundations of political systems that had previously beaten back all challenges -- from both the left and the right. The election of Donald Trump to the U.S. presidency, only months after the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union, signaled a dramatic shift in the politics of the rich democracies. In Anti-System Politics, Jonathan Hopkin traces the evolution of this shift and argues that it is a long-term result of abandoning the post-war model of egalitarian capitalism in the 1970s. That shift entailed weakening the democratic process in favor of an opaque, technocratic form of governance that allows voters little opportunity to influence policy. With the financial crisis of the late 2000s these arrangements became unsustainable, as incumbent politicians were unable to provide solutions to economic hardship. Electorates demanded change, and it had to come from outside the system. Using a comparative approach, Hopkin explains why different kinds of anti-system politics emerge in different countries and how political and economic factors impact the degree of electoral instability that emerges. Finally, he discusses the implications of these changes, arguing that the only way for mainstream political forces to survive is for them to embrace a more activist role for government in protecting societies from economic turbulence. A historically-grounded analysis of arguably the most important global political phenomenon at present, Anti-System Politics illuminates how and why the world seems upside down.

The Light that Failed

Author : Ivan Krastev
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0241345715
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis The Light that Failed by : Ivan Krastev

Download or read book The Light that Failed written by Ivan Krastev and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark book that completely transforms our understanding of the crisis of liberalism, from two pre-eminent intellectuals Why did the West, after winning the Cold War, lose its political balance? In the early 1990s, hopes for the eastward spread of liberal democracy were high. And yet the transformation of Eastern European countries gave rise to a bitter repudiation of liberalism itself, not only there but also back in the heartland of the West. In this brilliant work of political psychology, Ivan Krastev and Stephen Holmes argue that the supposed end of history turned out to be only the beginning of an Age of Imitation. Reckoning with the history of the last thirty years, they show that the most powerful force behind the wave of populist xenophobia that began in Eastern Europe stems from resentment at the post-1989 imperative to become Westernized. Through this prism, the Trump revolution represents an ironic fulfillment of the promise that the nations exiting from communist rule would come to resemble the United States. In a strange twist, Trump has elevated Putin's Russia and Orbán's Hungary into models for the United States. Written by two pre-eminent intellectuals bridging the East/West divide, The Light that Failed is a landmark book that sheds light on the extraordinary history of our Age of Imitation.

Illiberal Constitutionalism in Poland and Hungary

Author : Tímea Drinóczi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000428761
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Illiberal Constitutionalism in Poland and Hungary by : Tímea Drinóczi

Download or read book Illiberal Constitutionalism in Poland and Hungary written by Tímea Drinóczi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book theorizes illiberal constitutionalism by interrogation of the Rule of Law, democratic deterioration, and the misuse of the language and relativization of human rights protection, and its widespread emotional and value-oriented effect on the population. The work consists of seven Parts. Part I outlines the volume’s ambitions and provides an introduction. Part II discusses the theoretical framework and clarifies the terminology adopted in the book. Part III provides an in-depth insight into the constitutional identity of Poles and Hungarians and argues that an unbalanced constitutional identity has been moulded throughout Polish and Hungarian history in which emotional traits of collective victimhood and collective narcissism, and a longing for a charismatic leader have been evident. Part IV focuses on the emergence of illiberal constitutionalism, and, based on both quantitative and qualitative analyses, argues that illiberal constitutionalism is neither modern authoritarianism nor authoritarian constitutionalism. This Part contextualizes the issue by putting the deterioration of the Rule of Law into a European perspective. Part V explores the legal nature of illiberal legality when it is at odds and in compliance with the European Rule of Law, illiberal democracy, focusing on electoral democracy and legislative processes, and illiberalization of human rights. Part VI investigates whether there is a clear pattern in the methods of remodeling, or distancing from constitutional democracy, how it started, consolidated, and how its results are maintained. The final Part presents the author’s conclusions and looks to the future. The book will be an invaluable resource for scholars, academics and policy-makers interested in Constitutional Law and Politics.

Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times

Author : Mabel Berezin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521839130
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times by : Mabel Berezin

Download or read book Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times written by Mabel Berezin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: and social security." --Book Jacket.

Rule of Law, Common Values, and Illiberal Constitutionalism

Author : Tímea Drinóczi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000172430
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Rule of Law, Common Values, and Illiberal Constitutionalism by : Tímea Drinóczi

Download or read book Rule of Law, Common Values, and Illiberal Constitutionalism written by Tímea Drinóczi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the idea that the Rule of Law is still a universal European value given its relatively rapid deterioration in Hungary and Poland, and the apparent inability of the European institutions to adequately address the illiberalization of these Member States. The book begins from the general presumption that the Rule of Law, since its emergence, has been a universal European value, a political ideal and legal conception. It also acknowledges that the EU has been struggling in the area of value enforcement, even if the necessary mechanisms are available and, given an innovative outlook and more political commitment, could be successfully used. The authors appreciate the different approaches toward the Rule of Law, both as a concept and as a measurable indicator, and while addressing the core question of the volume, widely rely on them. Ultimately, the book provides a snapshot of how the Rule of Law ideal has been dismantled and offers a theory of the Rule of Law in illiberal constitutionalism. It discusses why voters keep illiberal populist leaders in power when they are undeniably acting contrary to the Rule of Law ideal. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers engaged with the foundational questions of constitutionalism. The structure and nature of the subject matter covered ensure that the book will be a useful addition for comparative and national constitutional law classes. It will also appeal to legal practitioners wondering about the boundaries of the Rule of Law.

The Rise of the Alt-Right

Author : Thomas J. Main
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815732902
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise of the Alt-Right by : Thomas J. Main

Download or read book The Rise of the Alt-Right written by Thomas J. Main and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the Alt-Right, and how will it affect America? Donald Trump’s election as president in 2016 suddenly brought to prominence a political movement that few in political circles or the mainstream media had paid much attention to: the so-called Alt-Right. Steven Bannon, Trump's campaign manager, was a leading figure in the movement, and the election results seemed to give it a real opportunity to gain some political power. But what is the Alt-Right? Is it a movement, a theory, a trend, or just an unorganized group of people far outside of what used to be the political mainstream in America? Or, could it be all of these things? Why has it suddenly emerged into prominence? What impact is it having on American politics today, and what are the prospects for the Alt-Right in the future? Through careful research and analysis, The Rise of the Alt-Right addresses these and other questions, tracing the movement’s history from the founding of modern conservatism in postwar America to the current Trump era. Although the Alt-Right might seem to be just the latest extremist group to arise in the United States—one likely to take its place in the graveyard of its many predecessors—Thomas J. Main analyzes evidence that the Alt-Right is having a greater influence on the American political mainstream than did past extremist tendencies. The Rise of the Alt-Right is thus an important study for anyone interested in the future of American politics and public life.

Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia

Author : David Bourchier
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135042217
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia by : David Bourchier

Download or read book Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia written by David Bourchier and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia charts the origins and development of organicist ideologies in Indonesia from the early 20th century to the present. In doing so, it provides a background to the theories and ideology that informed organicist thought, traces key themes in Indonesian history, examines the Soeharto regime and his ‘New Order’ in detail, and looks at contemporary Indonesia to question the possibility of past ideologies making a resurgence in the country. Beginning with an exploration of the origins of the theory of the organic state in Europe, this book explores how this influenced many young Indonesian scholars and ‘secular’ nationalists. It also looks in detail at the case of Japan, and identifies the parallels between the process by which Japanese and Indonesian nationalist scholars drew on European romantic organicist ideas to forge ‘anti-Western’ national identities and ideologies. The book then turns to Indonesia’s tumultuous history from the revolution to 1965, the rise of Soeharto, and how his regime used organicist ideology, together with law and terror, to shape the political landscape consolidate control. In turn, it shows how the social and economic changes wrought by the government’s policies, such as the rise of a cosmopolitan middle class and a rapidly growing urban proletariat led to the failure of the corporatist political infrastructure and the eventual collapse of the New Order in 1998. Finally, the epilogue surveys the post Soeharto years to 2014, and how growing disquiet about the inability of the government to contain religious intolerance, violence and corruption, has led to an increased readiness to re-embrace not only more authoritarian styles of rule but also ideological formulas from the past. This book will be welcomed by students and scholars of Southeast Asia, politics and political theory, as well as by those interested in authoritarian regimes, democracy and human rights.