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The Effects Of The Glass Surface Area Solution Volume Ratio On Glass Corrosion
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Book Synopsis The Effects of the Glass Surface Area/solution Volume Ratio on Glass Corrosion: A Critical Review by :
Download or read book The Effects of the Glass Surface Area/solution Volume Ratio on Glass Corrosion: A Critical Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews and summarizes the present state of knowledge regarding the effects of the glass surface area/solution volume (SA/V) ratio on the corrosion behavior of borosilicate waste glasses. The SA/V ratio affects the rate of glass corrosion through the extent of dilution of corrosion products released from the glass into the leachate solution: glass corrosion products are diluted more in tests conducted at low SA/V ratios than they are in tests conducted at high SA/V ratios. Differences in the solution chemistries generated in tests conducted at different SA/V ratios then affect the observed glass corrosion behavior. Therefore, any testing parameter that affects the solution chemistry will also affect the glass corrosion rate. The results of static leach tests conducted to assess the effects of the SA/V are discussed with regard to the effects of SA/V on the solution chemistry. Test results show several remaining issues with regard to the long-term glass corrosion behavior: can the SA/V ratio be used as an accelerating parameter to characterize the advanced stages of glass corrosion relevant to long disposal times; is the alteration of the glass surface the same in tests conducted at different SA/V, and in tests conducted with monolithic and crushed glass samples; what are the effects of the SA/V and the extent of glass corrosion on the disposition of released radionuclides? These issues will bear on the prediction of the long-term performance of waste glasses during storage. The results of an experimental program conducted at ANL to address these and other remaining issues regarding the effects of SA/V on glass corrosion are described. 288 refs., 59 figs., 16 tabs.
Book Synopsis The Effects of the Glass Surface Area/solution Volume Ratio on Glass Corrosion by : William L. Ebert
Download or read book The Effects of the Glass Surface Area/solution Volume Ratio on Glass Corrosion written by William L. Ebert and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Glass Surface Area-to-solution Volume Ratio (S by :
Download or read book Effects of Glass Surface Area-to-solution Volume Ratio (S written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Ratio of Solution Volume to Glass Surface Area on Attack by Water by : Chandubhai G. Amin
Download or read book Effect of Ratio of Solution Volume to Glass Surface Area on Attack by Water written by Chandubhai G. Amin and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Glass Surface Area-to-solution Volume Ratio (S/V) on Glass Dissolution. Part One by :
Download or read book Effects of Glass Surface Area-to-solution Volume Ratio (S/V) on Glass Dissolution. Part One written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The observed relationship between S/V and leachate pH is discussed in terms of a simple model of the glass dissolution process. Data from leach tests on several nuclear waste glass compositions at different S/V ratios show that the leachate pH increases with time and then stabilizes at a nearly constant value beyond about 28 days. This stabilized pH increases systematically with the S/V ratio of the test. The model developed here reproduces the essential features of the data and suggests that a single parameter describing the intrinsic rate of alkali diffusion and ion exchange from the glass is sufficient to represent the major glass composition dependence. Interestingly, the results are essentially independent of the rate constant for matrix dissolution. This study suggests that the diffusion-ion exchange process is central in determining the solution pH and its dependence on S/V and the glass reaction, at least under static or low-flow-rate test conditions, is driven by alkali release.
Book Synopsis Laboratory Testing of Waste Glass Aqueous Corrosion ; Effects of Experimental Parameters by :
Download or read book Laboratory Testing of Waste Glass Aqueous Corrosion ; Effects of Experimental Parameters written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literature survey has been performed to assess the effects of the temperature, glass surface area/leachate volume ratio, leachant composition, leachant flow rate, and glass composition (actual radioactive vs. simulated glass) used in laboratory tests on the measured glass reaction rate. The effects of these parameters must be accounted for in mechanistic models used to project glass durability over long times. Test parameters can also be utilized to highlight particular processes in laboratory tests. Waste glass corrosion results as water diffusion, ion-exchange, and hydrolysis reactions occur simultaneously to devitrify the glass and release soluble glass components into solution. The rates of these processes are interrelated by the affects of the solution chemistry and glass alteration phases on each process, and the dominant (fastest) process may change as the reaction progresses. Transport of components from the release sites into solution may also affect the observed corrosion rate. The reaction temperature will affect the rate of each process, while other parameters will affect the solution chemistry and which processes are observed during the test. The early stages of corrosion will be observed under test conditions which maintain dilute leachates and the later stages will be observed under conditions that generate more concentrated leachate solutions. Typically, water diffusion and ion-exchange reactions dominate the observed glass corrosion in dilute solutions while hydrolysis reactions dominant in more concentrated solutions. Which process(es) controls the long-term glass corrosion is not fully understood, and the long-term corrosion rate may be either transport- or reaction-limited.
Book Synopsis Effects of Glass Surface Area-to-solution Volume Ratio (S by :
Download or read book Effects of Glass Surface Area-to-solution Volume Ratio (S written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The observed relationship between S/V and leachate pH is discussed in terms of a simple model of the glass dissolution process. Data from leach tests on several nuclear waste glass compositions at different S/V ratios show that the leachate pH increases with time and then stabilizes at a nearly constant value beyond about 28 days. This stabilized pH increases systematically with the S/V ratio of the test. The model developed here reproduces the essential features of the data and suggests that a single parameter describing the intrinsic rate of alkali diffusion and ion exchange from the glass is sufficient to represent the major glass composition dependence. Interestingly, the results are essentially independent of the rate constant for matrix dissolution. This study suggests that the diffusion-ion exchange process is central in determining the solution pH and its dependence on S/V and the glass reaction, at least under static or low-flow-rate test conditions, is driven by alkali release.
Book Synopsis Effects of Glass Surface Area-to-solution Volume Ratio (S/V) on Glass Dissolution by :
Download or read book Effects of Glass Surface Area-to-solution Volume Ratio (S/V) on Glass Dissolution written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook by : R. Winston Revie
Download or read book Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook written by R. Winston Revie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 1299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a reference for engineers, scientists, and students concerned with the use of materials in applications where reliability and resistance to corrosion are important. It updates the coverage of its predecessor, including coverage of: corrosion rates of steel in major river systems and atmospheric corrosion rates, the corrosion behavior of materials such as weathering steels and newer stainless alloys, and the corrosion behavior and engineering approaches to corrosion control for nonmetallic materials. New chapters include: high-temperature oxidation of metals and alloys, nanomaterials, and dental materials, anodic protection. Also featured are chapters dealing with standards for corrosion testing, microbiological corrosion, and electrochemical noise.
Book Synopsis The Long-term Acceleration of Waste Glass Corrosion by :
Download or read book The Long-term Acceleration of Waste Glass Corrosion written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whereas a prior conception of glass dissolution assumed a relatively rapid initial dissolution which then slowed to a smaller, fairly constant longer-term rate, some recent work suggests that these two stages are followed by a third phase of dissolution, in which the dissolution rate is accelerated with respect to what had previously been thought of as the final long-term rate. The goals of the present study are to compile experimental data which may have a bearing on this phenomena, and to provide an initial assessment of these data. The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) is contracted to develop glass formulation models for vitrification of Hanford low-level waste (LLW), in support of the Hanford Tank Waste Remediation System Technology Development Program. The phenomenon of an increase in corrosion rate, following a period characterized by a low corrosion rate, has been observed by a number of researchers on a number of waste glass compositions. Despite inherent ambiguities arising from SA/V (glass surface area to solution volume ratio) and other effects, valid comparisons can be made in which accelerated corrosion was observed in one test, but not in another. Some glass compositions do not appear to attain a plateau region; it may be that the observation of continued, non-negligible corrosion in these glasses represents a passage from the initial rate to the accelerated rate. The long-term corrosion is a function of the interaction between the glass and its environment, including the leaching solution and the surrounding materials. Reaction path modeling and stability field considerations have been used with some success to predict the changes in corrosion rate over time, due to these interactions. The accelerated corrosion phenomenon highlights the need for such integrated corrosion modeling and the scenario-specific nature of a particular glass composition's durability.
Book Synopsis Modeling Surface Area to Volume Effects on Borosilicate Glass Dissolution by :
Download or read book Modeling Surface Area to Volume Effects on Borosilicate Glass Dissolution written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We simulated the reaction of SRL-131 glass with equilibrated J-13 water in order to investigate the effects of surface area to volume ratio (SA/V) on glass dissolution. We show that glass-fluid ion exchange causes solution pH to rise to progressively higher values as SA/V increases. Because the ion exchange is rapid relative to the duration of the glass dissolution experiment, the pH effect does not scale with (SA/V)*time. Experiments compared at the same (SA/V)*time value therefore have different pHs, with higher pHs at higher SA/V ratios. Both experimental data and our simulation results show similar trends of increasing reaction rate as a function of SA/V ratio when scaled to (SA/V)*time. Glasses which react in systems of differing SA/V ratio therefore follow different reaction paths and high SA/V ratios cannot be used to generate data which accurately scales to long time periods unless the ion exchange effect is taken into account. We suggest some simple test designs which enable more reliable high. SA/V accelerated tests.
Download or read book Glass Surfaces written by D.E. Day and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glass Surfaces covers the proceedings of the Fourth Rolla Ceramic Materials Conference on Glass Surfaces. The book presents 38 papers that are organized according to their respective theme. The text first covers the structure of subsurface layers and their role in glass technology, and then proceeds to discussing surface characterization and experimental techniques. Next, the book talks about interfacial phenomena, such as interdiffusion of hydrogen and alkali ions in a glass surface and interdiffusion of hydrogen and alkali ions in a glass surface. The fourth part covers corrosion and chemical durability, which covers topics related to crack, fatigue, and weathering. The next part deals with adsorption, while the last part tackles surface coatings, films, and treatments. The book will be of great use to scientists and professionals in the glass industry.
Book Synopsis Modern Methods for Analysing Archaeological and Historical Glass by : Koen H. A. Janssens
Download or read book Modern Methods for Analysing Archaeological and Historical Glass written by Koen H. A. Janssens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-18 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first scientific volume to compile the modern analytical techniques for glass analysis, Modern Methods for Analysing Archaeological and Historical Glass presents an up-to-date description of the physico-chemical methods suitable for determining the composition of glass and for speciation of specific components. This unique resource presents members of Association Internationale pour l'Histoire du Verre, as well as university scholars, with a number of case studies where the effective use of one or more of these methods for elucidating a particular culturo-historical or historo-technical aspect of glass manufacturing technology is documented.
Book Synopsis The Importance of Secondary Phases in Glass Corrosion by : W.L. Ebert
Download or read book The Importance of Secondary Phases in Glass Corrosion written by W.L. Ebert and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-term Performance of Glasses for Hanford Low-level Waste by :
Download or read book Long-term Performance of Glasses for Hanford Low-level Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term performance of glasses developed for stabilizing Hanford low-level radioactive waste is being assessed using static leach tests conducted for up to one year and under conditions that accelerate Corrosion. These tests support development of durable waste-form compositions and application of performance assessment models. Static leach tests were run with crushed glass at glass surface area/solution volume ratios of 2000 and 20,000 m−1 and temperatures of 20, 40, 70, and 90°C. All tests showed sodium to be released from the glass faster than boron or silicon. These results are interpreted in terms of the glass structure, the corrosion mechanism, and the effects of time, glass surface area/leachant volume ratio and temperature. Vapor hydration tests were conducted at elevated temperatures (70-200°C) using glasses containing various amounts of SiO2, Na2O, B2O3, CaO, and Al2O3. The response of a glass in these tests is relevant to its durability over very long disposal times. Different responses were observed in the tests: some glasses completely corroded within a few days while others were only slightly corroded. Corrosion led to the formation of analcime and gobbinsite; the corrosion rate increased significantly after these phases formed implications of these test results for the long-term glass durability are discussed.
Download or read book Glass Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports by :
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
