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The Effects Of State Merit Aid Programs On Attendance At Elite Colleges
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Book Synopsis The Effects of State Merit Aid Programs on Attendance at Elite Colleges by : David L. Sjoquist
Download or read book The Effects of State Merit Aid Programs on Attendance at Elite Colleges written by David L. Sjoquist and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State merit aid programs have been found to reduce the likelihood that students attend college out-of-state. Using the U.S. News & World Report rankings of colleges and universities to measure college quality and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System data to measure enrollment, we explore how this reduction in out-of-state enrollment differs by the academic quality of the institution. Our results suggest that state merit aid programs do not reduce the likelihood that a student attends a top ranked school, but that these programs do reduce the likelihood of enrolling at less prestigious out-of-state schools, with generally larger effects the lower the ranking of the schools.
Book Synopsis The Consequences of Merit Aid by : Susan M. Dynarski
Download or read book The Consequences of Merit Aid written by Susan M. Dynarski and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early Nineties, a dozen states have established broad-based merit aid programs. The typical program waives tuition and fees at public colleges and universities in one's home state. Unlike traditional merit programs, such as the National Merit Scholarship, this aid requires relatively modest academic performance and provide scholarships to hundreds of thousands of students. This paper examines how merit aid programs in seven states have affected an array of schooling decisions, paying particular attention to how the effects have varied by race and ethnicity. I find that the new programs typically increase the attendance probability of college-age youth by five to seven percentage points. The merit programs also shift students toward four-year schools and away from two-year schools. The Georgia HOPE Scholarship, which has been found to widen racial gaps in college attendance (Dynarski, 2000) is atypical in its distributional impact, with the other state's programs tending to have a more positive effect on the college attendance rate of Blacks and Hispanics. I attribute HOPE's unique distributional effect to its relatively stringent academic requirements and a recently-eliminated provision that channeled the most generous scholarships to higher-income students
Book Synopsis State Merit-Based Financial Aid Programs and College Attainment by : David L. Sjoquist
Download or read book State Merit-Based Financial Aid Programs and College Attainment written by David L. Sjoquist and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effects of state merit-based student aid programs on college attendance and degree completion. Our primary analysis uses microdata from the 2000 United States Census and 2001-2010 American Community Survey to estimate the effects of exposure to merit programs on educational outcomes for 25 states that adopted such programs by 2004. We also utilize administrative data for the University System of Georgia to look more in depth at the effects of exposure to the HOPE Scholarship on degree completion. We find strong consistent evidence that exposure to state merit aid programs have no meaningfully positive effect on college completion.
Book Synopsis Comparative Higher Education Politics by : Jens Jungblut
Download or read book Comparative Higher Education Politics written by Jens Jungblut and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of the state of the art of research on the politics of higher education policy in Canada, the US, and Western Europe. Each thematic chapter combines an extensive literature review with original empirical work that further advances our understanding of policymaking dynamics in higher education. The book covers five key aspects of policymaking, namely the politics of governance as well as funding reforms, the role of interest groups, policy diffusion, and policy framing. These aspects are explored using a unique comparative design that combines comparisons within as well as between regions, and among the five key aspects of policymaking. The conceptual framework is anchored in approaches from institutional theory, namely sociological and historical institutionalism. “This rare book coherently focuses on the same critical challenges that higher education faces in a changing global and national environment. These include vital governance and finance issues and how these are framed and contested by different organizations and interest groups as well as state actors. Within a broad institutionalist framework that reflects the tensions between historical university and national legacies on the one hand and regional and global influences on the other, the authors focus on policymaking in Western Europe, Canada, and the US. This is an engaging and creative endeavor, a must-read for scholars and policymakers alike.” Francisco O. Ramirez, Graduate School of Education Stanford University “This is a real achievement that will contribute to the development of research in politics of higher education policy, finance, and economic development. It is timely in an era when higher learning is increasingly salient to national policy, interest groups, and supranational bodies such as the EU. The focus on Canada, the US, and Europe frames a comparative approach to a competitive higher educational policy arena that has not received systematic study." Sheila Slaughter, Louise McBee Institute of Higher Education, University of Georgia “This fills a gaping hole in research on the politics of higher education. In bringing together research perspectives from governance studies with comparative public policy as well as scholars from Europe and Northern America, this volume will serve as an important reference point for a rapidly growing research field. The exceptionally high quality of editorship is documented by the fact that the chapters are convincingly subsumed under five sub-themes. In short: A must-read for any researcher and student interested in understanding the political foundations of higher education.” Marius R. Busemeyer, Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Konstanz
Book Synopsis Getting Ahead by Spending More? Local Community Response to State Merit Aid Programs by : Rajashri Chakrabarti
Download or read book Getting Ahead by Spending More? Local Community Response to State Merit Aid Programs written by Rajashri Chakrabarti and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In more than half of U.S. states over the past two decades, the implementation of merit aid programs has dramatically reduced net tuition expenses for college-bound students who attend in-state colleges. Although the intention of these programs was to improve access to enrollment for high-achieving students, it is possible that they had unanticipated effects. We analyze whether state funding for higher education and K-12 education changed as a result of program implementation, and whether local school districts attempt to counter any such changes. We employ two methodologies to study whether this has been the case: a difference-in-differences model and a synthetic control estimation strategy. We find robust evidence that implementation of state merit aid programs led to an economically (and statistically) significant decline in state funding for K-12 education, which was mostly offset through increases in local revenues by school districts. These results have important implications for understanding how merit aid policies could have unintended consequences for the students they aim to support.
Book Synopsis Handbook of the Economics of Education by :
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of the Economics of Education describes the research frontier in key topical areas and sets the agenda for further work. Modern analysis in the economics of education has made tremendous strides in understanding fundamental issues related to the production of human capital and the impact of varying institutional features of education systems. By bringing together some of the world’s leading scholars, this volume provides a unique view of scholarship in the area. The international perspectives of the editors – Hanushek at Stanford, Machin at LSE, and Woessmann at Munich – leads to a volume with something for all researchers. Topics range from the economics of early childhood education to inequality in society to cash transfers in developing countries. Identification and evaluation of the state of the art. Clear descriptions of the meaning of existing research and the most likely avenues for the future Insights into how policy interventions in education can help or hurt human capital outcomes
Book Synopsis The Economic Value of Higher Education by : Larry L. Leslie
Download or read book The Economic Value of Higher Education written by Larry L. Leslie and published by Simon & Schuster Books For Young Readers. This book was released on 1988 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Merit Aid and Sorting by : Christopher Cornwell
Download or read book Merit Aid and Sorting written by Christopher Cornwell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marginal Effects of Merit Aid for Low-Income Students by : Joshua Angrist
Download or read book Marginal Effects of Merit Aid for Low-Income Students written by Joshua Angrist and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial aid from the Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation (STBF) provides exceptionally generous support to a college population similar to that served by a host of state aid programs. In conjunction with STBF, we randomly assigned aid awards to thousands of Nebraska high school graduates from low-income, minority, and first-generation college households. Randomly- assigned STBF awards boost bachelor's (BA) degree completion for students targeting four-year schools by about 8 points. Degree gains are concentrated among four-year applicants who would otherwise have been unlikely to pursue a four-year program. Degree effects are mediated by award-induced increases in credits earned towards a BA in the first year of college. The extent of initial four-year college engagement explains heterogeneous effects by target campus and across covariate subgroups. Most program spending is a transfer, reducing student debt without affecting degree attainment. Award-induced marginal spending is modest. The projected lifetime earnings impact of awards exceeds marginal educational spending for all of the subgroups examined in the study. Projected earnings gains exceed funder costs for low-income, non-white, urban, and first-generation students, and for students with relatively weak academic preparation.
Book Synopsis Does Financial Aid Policy Influence Who Attends College? The Effects of Merit and Need Aid on the College Attendance of Racially Minoritized Students by : Erin Sylvester Philpot
Download or read book Does Financial Aid Policy Influence Who Attends College? The Effects of Merit and Need Aid on the College Attendance of Racially Minoritized Students written by Erin Sylvester Philpot and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the influence of state-level financial aid policy on the college attendance of racially minoritized, specifically Black and Hispanic, students. Informed by student price response theory, this study compares the racial/ethnic composition of enrolled students in a state in the years preceding and following major financial aid policy reform-the primarily need-based Cal Grant in California, and the merit-based Bright Futures in Florida. Using quantitative analysis, multivariate linear regression, the researcher estimated the influence that reform of state-level financial aid policy had on the racial/ethnic composition of student enrollment at public two- and four-year institutions of both California and Florida. The unit of analysis was all public two- and four-year institutions of both states. A series of three models was used to control for other influences on enrollment beyond a change in policy and differences in the influence of each policy reform on sector of attendance was also explored. The results did not produce evidence of policy reform having a statistically significant influence on the racial/ethnic composition of college enrollment in either state. This suggests that factors beyond price may be more influential in the college-going decisions of Black and Hispanic students.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Economics of Higher Education by : Jilleah Welch
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Higher Education written by Jilleah Welch and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters that examine the impact of financial aid programs on students' enrollment decisions, student outcomes, and colleges' financial decisions. In the first chapter, I use discontinuities in eligibility criteria for a large merit scholarship program to examine the impact of aid on community college students' outcomes both during and after college. Community colleges enroll a large share of first-time freshmen but represent a much smaller share of financial aid research. Furthermore, researchers have focused on the impact of aid on enrollment and outcomes during college, but none have yet considered the impact of aid on earnings after college. The findings suggest that reducing the cost of community college does not impact persistence, academic performance, degree completion, expected earnings, or short-term earnings after college for marginally eligible students. In the second chapter, I examine whether colleges are sensitive to state-sponsored merit aid programs. Previous research has emphasized demand-side effects such as how merit aid impacts enrollment and post-matriculation outcomes. Yet much less is known about how merit aid programs affect the supply side of higher education. Using differences-in-differences identification, I collectively analyze multiple programs and explore numerous college-level outcomes. Results suggest that colleges do not capture state-funded merit scholarships through significant increases in published tuition, and colleges increase expenditures on students in response to merit aid programs. Lastly, in the third essay, we use discontinuities in Pell grant eligibility to examine the effect of the Pell grant on college enrollment and college choice. Consistent with prior work, we find no evidence that marginal Pell eligibility increases college-going. We go on to show that just meeting the Pell cut-off has little bearing on where students choose to enroll, in terms of sector or quality dimensions. Below the threshold, where applicants are needier and the grant is more generous, students sort into colleges with modestly higher published tuition, but no other measure of college quality or college selectivity significantly diverges from the counterfactual. We conclude that students do not use the Pell grant as a tool to shop among college options in ways that systemically improve enrollment outcomes.
Book Synopsis Economic Inequality and Higher Education by : Stacy Dickert-Conlin
Download or read book Economic Inequality and Higher Education written by Stacy Dickert-Conlin and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2007-06-21 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast disparities in college attendance and graduation rates between students from different class backgrounds is a growing social concern. Economic Inequality and Higher Education investigates the connection between income inequality and unequal access to higher education, and proposes solutions that the state and federal governments and schools themselves can undertake to make college accessible to students from all backgrounds. Economic Inequality and Higher Education convenes experts from the fields of education, economics, and public policy to assess the barriers that prevent low-income students from completing college. For many students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, the challenge isn't getting into college, but getting out with a degree. Helping this group will require improving the quality of education in the community colleges and lower-tier public universities they are most likely to attend. Documenting the extensive disjuncture between the content of state-mandated high school testing and college placement exams, Michael Kirst calls for greater alignment between K-12 and college education. Amanda Pallais and Sarah Turner examine barriers to access at elite universities for low-income students—including tuition costs, lack of information, and poor high school records—as well as recent initiatives to increase socioeconomic diversity at private and public universities. Top private universities have increased the level and transparency of financial aid, while elite public universities have focused on outreach, mentoring, and counseling, and both sets of reforms show signs of success. Ron Ehrenberg notes that financial aid policies in both public and private universities have recently shifted towards merit-based aid, away from the need-based aid that is most helpful to low-income students. Ehrenberg calls on government policy makers to create incentives for colleges to increase their representation of low-income students. Higher education is often vaunted as the primary engine of upward mobility. Instead, as inequality in America rises, colleges may be reproducing income disparities from one generation to the next. Economic Inequality and Higher Education illuminates this worrisome trend and suggests reforms that educational institutions and the government must implement to make the dream of a college degree a reality for all motivated students.
Book Synopsis Raising Standards by : Patricia A. Flanagan
Download or read book Raising Standards written by Patricia A. Flanagan and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999-03 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines state higher education policies that influence student preparation for college. Three policy areas are the focus of this state-by-state analysis: raising admissions requirements for public four-year colleges, providing regular feedback on student preparation to high schools, and establishing statewide merit aid programs.
Book Synopsis The Enrollment Effects of Merit-Based Financial Aid by : Christopher Cornwell
Download or read book The Enrollment Effects of Merit-Based Financial Aid written by Christopher Cornwell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effects of Georgia's merit-based HOPE Scholarship on college enrollments. Until the late 1980s, only a small fraction of total student aid was allocated on the basis of merit, but in the last decade state governments have stepped in,distributing billions of dollars in "HOPE-style" merit aid. Introduced in 1993, the HOPE Scholarship covers tuition, fees and book expenses for students attending Georgia public colleges, and provides a subsidy of comparable value to students attending in-state private colleges, without any income restrictions. Treating HOPE as a natural experiment, we contrast enrollment rates in Georgia with those in the other member states of the Southern Regional Educational Board using IPEDS data for the period 1988-97. We estimate that the scholarship increased the overall freshmen enrollment rate by 6.9 percentage points, with the gains concentrated in 4-year schools. We also find that HOPE raised the enrollment rates of both blacks and whites in Georgia schools, with the state's historically-black institutions playing an imprtant role. Finally, our results suggest that the total HOPE-induced increase represents about 12 percent of high-school graduates who qualified for the scholarship and 21 percent of those who took the award. However, because the overall HOPE effect involves enrollees at 2-year schools who are more likely recipients of the non-merit-based HOPE Grant, the total program enrollment response amounts to less than 10 percent of all freshmen program beneficiaries.
Book Synopsis The Effects of State-Sponsored Merit Scholarships on Course Selection and Major Choice in College by : Christopher Cornwell
Download or read book The Effects of State-Sponsored Merit Scholarships on Course Selection and Major Choice in College written by Christopher Cornwell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Who Should We Help? by : Donald E. Heller
Download or read book Who Should We Help? written by Donald E. Heller and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Merit Aid and the Politics of Education by : Erik C. Ness
Download or read book Merit Aid and the Politics of Education written by Erik C. Ness and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While a substantial number of studies have evaluated the effects of merit aid programs, there is a surprising lack of any systematic consideration of how states determine eligibility criteria for these scholarships. The selectivity of merit aid eligibility criteria can be as important as whether or not such programs are adopted. If, for example, merit aid programs have broad, easily-attained initial eligibility criteria, then a large proportion of high school graduates, including low-income and under-represented students, will gain eligibility. On the other hand, if the criteria are more rigorous, then a smaller proportion of students, likely those already planning to attend and with the means to afford college, will be eligible. Thus, this innovative book - the first to deepen the descriptive and conceptual understanding of the process by which states determine merit aid scholarship criteria - is crucial to understanding merit aid's success and failures at fulfilling the promise of education.
