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The Effects Of Psychosocial Factors Distress And Disclosure On The Health Outcome Of Hiv 1 Positive African American Women
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Psychosocial Factors, Distress, and Disclosure on the Health Outcome of HIV-1 Positive African-American Women by : Deanne Michele Samuels
Download or read book The Effects of Psychosocial Factors, Distress, and Disclosure on the Health Outcome of HIV-1 Positive African-American Women written by Deanne Michele Samuels and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding AIDS by : Seth C. Kalichman
Download or read book Understanding AIDS written by Seth C. Kalichman and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 1998 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written to provide mental health professionals with a single source of information on the medical, social, and psychological aspects of HIV-AIDS. It covers a broad range of topics concerning the psychology of AIDS that is thoroughly grounded in the empirical literature. The author explains the many significant advances in research on how the virus works and on immune responses to HIV, and he discusses the revolutionary treatments for HIV infection that have increased both span and quality of life for increasingly large numbers of patients living with HIV-positive and AIDS diagnoses. Kalichman also focuses attention on the growth in knowledge about such issues as psychological reactions to HIV-AIDS, coping and adjustment, and psychological treatments. Coverage includes the slowly growing literature on women, children, and minorities with AIDS and on sexual adjustment after diagnosis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved).
Book Synopsis Constructing Spirit-level Interventions for African American Women Living with HIV by : Ratonia Cheryl Runnels
Download or read book Constructing Spirit-level Interventions for African American Women Living with HIV written by Ratonia Cheryl Runnels and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV comprising only 12% of the U.S. population but accounting for nearly 50% of all HIV cases (CDC, 2009). HIV surveillance data estimate that one in 30 Black women will be diagnosed with HIV during their lifetime. For many HIV positive African American women, treatment of HIV infection and the subsequent psychological stress is complicated by lack of resources and competing life priorities. These women also face additional challenges such as fear of disclosure and lack of adequate social support. The complexity of challenges faced by African American women who are HIV positive highlight the need to explore their preferred ways of coping. Studies show that minority women tend to utilize alternative coping strategies when faced with dual mental and physical health challenges. Spirituality has been found to have a direct relationship with cognitive and social functioning and inversely related to HIV symptoms among African American women. Psychosocial interventions are a key component to improved quality of life for women living with HIV and spirit-level interventions are shown to buffer psychosocial distress experienced by HIV positive persons. This dissertation will consist of three publishable quality articles that examine issues associated with the function of spirituality in HIV positive women. This first article will review published spiritually oriented interventions and compare, contrast, and critique the various components, sample, and intervention methods to determine the applicability and replicability of these interventions as a basis for increasing treatment options for co-morbid African American women. The second article will offer a conceptual framework incorporating the health belief model and a discussion of Lazarus & Folkman's stress and coping model to examine theoretical frameworks for integrating spirituality into social work practice interventions for HIV positive women. The third article for this dissertation seeks to contribute new information to the literature on the spirituality in the lives of HIV positive women. This article will present data that identifies, defines, and describes various uses of spirituality as a coping mechanism. The article will also discuss historical factors that influence the use of religion and spirituality among African Americans.
Book Synopsis Religious Coping, Stigma, and Psychological Functioning Among African American HIV-positive Women by : Enith E. Hickman
Download or read book Religious Coping, Stigma, and Psychological Functioning Among African American HIV-positive Women written by Enith E. Hickman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American women represent the fastest-growing group living with HIV in the United States. In addition to the stressors that are brought on by a HIV diagnosis, many African American women who are HIV-positive are already struggling with mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, as well as HIV-related stigma and discrimination. At the same time, African American women living with HIV regard spirituality and religion as important part of their lives and as a resource to cope with the stressors of HIV. The present study examined the role of religious coping in psychological distress and adjustment both cross-sectionally and longitudinally among 141 HIV-positive African American women participating in a community program designed to address their mental and physical health needs. Demographic information and measures of physical health, mental health, psychiatric symptoms severity, depression, clinician-rated functioning, stigma/discrimination, social support, coping, religious coping, and religious and spiritual activities and attitudes were assessed at baseline and 12 months later. As predicted, cross-sectional analyses showed that negative religious coping was associated with greater psychiatric symptom severity and depression, poorer mental health and clinician-rated functioning, and greater perceptions of stigma and discrimination. Longitudinal analyses revealed that greater negative religious coping at baseline significantly predicted greater changes in mental health in a negative direction 12 months later over and above treatments received. Contrary to expectations, positive religious coping was not associated with any measures of psychological well-being, nor did it predict any mental health outcomes at 12 months. However, participants who experienced high levels of HIV-related stigma and reported high levels of positive religious coping were less depressed than those who reported lower levels of positive religious coping. These results suggest that for this population, negative religious coping was a more salient determinant of psychological distress than positive religious coping was of psychological health. These results have implications for working with this population, so that clinicians may want to assess for the presence of negative religious coping and encourage exploration of spirituality and religiosity as it relates to an HIV diagnosis.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Factors Associated with Disclosure of HIV -seropositive Status Among African American Women by : Abimbola Folashade Idowu
Download or read book Factors Associated with Disclosure of HIV -seropositive Status Among African American Women written by Abimbola Folashade Idowu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disclosure of HIV-seropositive status is an important issue among African American women among whom the epidemic grew during the second decade of the disease. An HIV diagnosis permeates all aspects of womens' life in which they ponder on the consequences of disclosure on their relationships with family, friends and sex partners. On one side of the spectrum is perceived stigma and isolation and, on the other side is the possibility of experiencing all types of social support from network members and getting needed access to HIV treatment and sustained care. This study examined disclosure patterns among HIV-seropositive African American women who self-reported their serostatus. A sample of 476 African American women who disclosed their HIV-seropositive status was obtained from HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). Logistic regression analyses were undertaken to examine predictors of disclosure to targets adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral factors, social support, stigma and clinical indicators. The study offers evidence of disclosure to multiple compared to single targets, support seeking behavior and perception of stigma among the study population. Perceived emotional support was associated with disclosure occurrence as well as disclosure to multiple targets among HIV-seropositive African American women in this study. Women who worried about others knowing their seropositive status were less likely than those who did not worry to disclose their HIV serostatus. Management of HIV-status information was associated with lower occurrence of disclosure to multiple targets. Having a main partner was consistently associated with disclosure and disclosure to multiple targets. Elapsed period between diagnosis to partner disclosure pattern was identified. Implications for practice are that people disclosed to by HIV-seropositive women should become a harnessed group to serve as part of their social support groups. Counseling for women who perceive stigma and did not seek support should be intensified. Ryan White Act provisions should be expanded to cover these groups. Disclosure of HIV seropositive status remains relevant in HIV and AIDS and its continued study becomes imperative as patterns, consequences and socio-cultural factors among African Americans are understood.-- Abstract.
Book Synopsis Expenses of Delegates from the State of North Carolina to the Federal Constitutional Convention of 1787 by :
Download or read book Expenses of Delegates from the State of North Carolina to the Federal Constitutional Convention of 1787 written by and published by . This book was released on 1931 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guideline on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living with HIV by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guideline on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living with HIV written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-02-20 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: he starting point for this guideline is the point at which a woman has learnt that she is living with HIV and it therefore covers key issues for providing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights-related services and support for women living with HIV. As women living with HIV face unique challenges and human rights violations related to their sexuality and reproduction within their families and communities as well as from the health-care institutions where they seek care particular emphasis is placed on the creation of an enabling environment to support more effective health interventions and better health outcomes. This guideline is meant to help countries to more effectively and efficiently plan develop and monitor programmes and services that promote gender equality and human rights and hence are more acceptable and appropriate for women living with HIV taking into account the national and local epidemiological context. It discusses implementation issues that health interventions and service delivery must address to achieve gender equality and support human rights.
Book Synopsis Psychosocial Correlates of Psychological Distress Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women in Los Angeles, California by : Heather Lynn Guentzel Frank
Download or read book Psychosocial Correlates of Psychological Distress Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women in Los Angeles, California written by Heather Lynn Guentzel Frank and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this dissertation was to identify the distinct risk and protective factors that are associated with psychological distress among Black MSMW. Black MSMW encounter a host of stressors in their daily lives that impact their mental and physical health, including HIV prevention and HIV care engagement. Through three studies, the dissertation aimed to address critical gaps in knowledge about the relationships among stress exposure, health and sexual risk factors, social and personal resources, and sociodemographic and individuals-level factors that shape psychological distress among Black MSMW. The results of Study #1, Stress exposure and psychological distress among Black MSMW, suggested that Black MSMW with histories of childhood sexual abuse faced greater adult stress exposure, which contributed to greater odds of psychological distress. The results of Study #2, Health and sexual risks associated with psychological distress among Black MSMW, demonstrated that sexual risk from placing a greater importance of privacy regarding sex with men was significantly associated with greater odds of psychological distress, after controlling for health risks, sociodemographic and individual-level characteristics, and stress exposures. The results of Study #3, Psychosocial resources associated with psychological distress among Black MSMW, demonstrated that social support was significantly associated with distress, above and beyond all other covariates. These studies, by examining the correlates of psychological distress among Black MSMW in Los Angeles, may guide future research on these relationships and interventions aimed at engaging Black MSMW in the HIV prevention continuum and the HIV continuum of care.
Book Synopsis HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On by : Poul Rohleder
Download or read book HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On written by Poul Rohleder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has happened since the first appearance of AIDS in 1981: it has been identified, studied, and occasionally denied. The virus has shifted host populations and spread globally. Medicine, the social sciences, and world governments have joined forces to combat and prevent the disease. And South Africa has emerged as ground zero for the pandemic. The editors of HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On present the South African crisis as a template for addressing the myriad issues surrounding the epidemic worldwide, as the book brings together a widely scattered body of literature, analyzes psychosocial and sexual aspects contributing to HIV transmission and prevention, and delves into complex intersections of race, gender, class, and politics. Including largely overlooked populations and issues (e.g., prisoners, persons with disabilities, stigma), as well as challenges shaping future research and policy, the contributors approach their topics with rare depth, meticulous research, carefully drawn conclusions, and profound compassion. Among the topics covered: The relationship between HIV and poverty, starting from the question, "Which is the determinant and which is the consequence?" Epidemiology of HIV among women and men: concepts of femininity and masculinity, and gender inequities as they affect HIV risk; gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies. The impact of AIDS on infants and young children: risk and protective factors; care of children by HIV-positive mothers; HIV-infected children. Current prevention and treatment projects, including local-level responses, community-based work, and VCT (voluntary counseling and testing) programs. New directions: promoting circumcision, vaccine trials, "positive prevention." South Africa’s history of AIDS denialism. The urgent lessons in this book apply both globally and locally, making HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On uniquely instructive and useful for professionals working in HIV/AIDS and global public health.
Book Synopsis Stigma, Discrimination and Living with HIV/AIDS by : Pranee Liamputtong
Download or read book Stigma, Discrimination and Living with HIV/AIDS written by Pranee Liamputtong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up until now, many articles have been written to portray stigma and discrimination which occur with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in many parts of the world. But this is the first book which attempts to put together results from empirical research relating to stigma, discrimination and living with HIV/AIDS. The focus of this book is on issues relevant to stigma and discrimination which have occurred to individuals and groups in different parts of the globe, as well as how these individuals and groups attempt to deal with HIV/AIDS. The book comprises chapters written by researchers who carry out their projects in different parts of the world and each chapter contains empirical information based on real life situations. This can be used as an evidence for health care providers to implement socially and culturally appropriate services to assist individuals and groups who are living with HIV/AIDS in many societies. The book is of interest to health care providers who have their interests in working with individuals and groups who are living with HIV/AIDS from a cross-cultural perspective. It will be useful for students and lecturers in courses such as anthropology, sociology, social work, nursing, public health and medicine. In particular, it will assist health workers in community health centres and hospitals in understanding issues related to HIV/AIDS and hence provide culturally sensitive health care to people living with HIV/AIDS from different social and cultural backgrounds. The book is useful for anyone who is interested in HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in diverse social and cultural settings.
Book Synopsis Black Women's Risk for HIV by : Quinn M. Gentry
Download or read book Black Women's Risk for HIV written by Quinn M. Gentry and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Women's Risk for HIV: Rough Living is a valuable look into the structural and behavioral factors in high-risk environmentsspecifically inner-city neighborhoods like the Rough in Atlantathat place black women in danger of HIV infection. Using black feminism to deconstruct the meaning and significance of race, class, and gender, this text gives a voice to a unique disenfranchised population and legitimizes their lives and experiences. This important ethnographic study focuses not only on the problems associated with the continued rise in HIV rates among African American women, but provides viable solutions to these problems as well.
Book Synopsis From Preconception to Postpartum by : Stavros Sifakis
Download or read book From Preconception to Postpartum written by Stavros Sifakis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-23 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obstetrics is evolving rapidly and finds itself today at the forefront of numerous developments. Providing selected updates on contemporary issues of basic research and clinical practice, as well as dealing with preconception, pregnancy, labor and postpartum, the present book guides the reader through the tough and complex decisions in the clinical management. Furthermore, it deepens the scientific understanding in the pathogenetic mechanisms implicated in pregnancy and motivates further research by providing evidence of the current knowledge and future perspectives in this field. Written by an international panel of distinguished authors who have produced stimulating articles, the multidisciplinary readers will find this book a valuable tool in the understanding of the maternal, placental and fetal interactions which are crucial for a successful pregnancy outcome.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examining the Effects of Psychosocial Stress on the Hypertension Self-management Behaviors of African American Women by : Michelle Laws
Download or read book Examining the Effects of Psychosocial Stress on the Hypertension Self-management Behaviors of African American Women written by Michelle Laws and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is a preventable and yet major risk factor for early death and morbidity among African Americans. Compared to other women in the US, African American women continue to die earlier and more frequently from preventable and controllable chronic health conditions that are notably due to hypertension and hypertension-related illnesses. While there are multiple factors contributing to the high death rates of African American women, hypertension is one of the most common and modifiable risk factors associated with fatal health outcomes among African American women. The rate of death resulting from hypertension is more than double for African American females compared to white females. Even armed with increased knowledge and awareness, African American women are encountering barriers to controlling their hypertension, which places them at higher risk of becoming sicker and dying earlier than their white counterparts. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine the effects of psychosocial stress on the hypertension self-management behaviors. The rationale for the study is supported by findings from a systematic literature review identifying gaps and contributions in the health literature on African American women and hypertension management. Findings underscore a need to continue to examine psychosocial factors as barriers to African American women's hypertension self-management. Specifically, the study found statistically significant associations between psychosocial stress and depression as it relates to the hypertension self-management of African American women. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the significance of the relationships between psychosocial stress, depression and African American women's hypertension self-management.
Author :Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 :9789291733446 Total Pages :75 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (334 download)
Book Synopsis HIV-related Stigma, Discrimination and Human Rights Violations by : Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
Download or read book HIV-related Stigma, Discrimination and Human Rights Violations written by Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV-related stigma and discrimination and human rights violations constitute great barriers to preventing HIV infection; providing care, support and treatment; and alleviating the impacts of the epidemic. This publication documents case studies of successful action in different countries addressing HIV-related human rights violations, stigma and discrimination.
Book Synopsis Depression and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Sub-Saharan African Women by : Jennifer Velloza
Download or read book Depression and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Sub-Saharan African Women written by Jennifer Velloza and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Daily, oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) is a highly efficacious HIV prevention strategy for key populations at high risk of HIV, including women, in sub-Saharan Africa. However, open-label studies and demonstration projects have reported that young women have difficulty adhering to PrEP over time, which limits its effectiveness as a prevention option. PrEP projects are now exploring modifiable barriers to adherence among women to maximize its public health benefit as it is being rapidly rolled out worldwide. Mental health factors, including depression, traumatic stress symptoms, and stigma, are highly prevalent among women at high risk of HIV acquisition and are barriers to medication use and health promotion behaviors. However, there has been little consideration until now of how such factors might also influence PrEP adherence among women in sub-Saharan Africa. The aims in this dissertation attempt to fill this research gap by: 1) exploring the impact of depressive symptoms on PrEP adherence among women; 2) examining the mechanisms by which depressive symptoms influence PrEP adherence; 3) describing the broader context of HIV-related stigma and empowerment on PrEP use; and 4) integrating depression screening into HIV care delivery to improve mental health and HIV outcomes. Two studies have examined the influence of depression on PrEP adherence and found that depressive symptoms have a negative effect on daily PrEP use for transgender women and men who have sex with men. Ours is the first study to examine links between depression and PrEP adherence among cisgender women in sub-Saharan Africa. We used marginal structural models to estimate the association between depressive symptoms and PrEP adherence while adjusting for time-varying confounding by sexual behavior, stigma, and social support. We found that probable depression was significantly associated with poor PrEP adherence among women, but not men, suggesting that mental health and depression experiences have differential impact on HIV prevention behaviors by gender. This work also led to questions about the mechanism of this association and whether there were important mediators of the relationship between depression and PrEP adherence that could explain at least some of this total effect. We conducted a mediation analysis using marginal structural models to estimate the controlled direct effect of depression on PrEP adherence, after accounting for the potentially mediating influence of HIV-related stigma, social support, and optimism about PrEP effectiveness. We found a significant negative direct influence of depression on PrEP adherence but this relationship was not strongly mediated by other psychosocial factors. Future research is needed to explore additional potential mediators of this relationship and identify areas for intervention. Qualitative research methods allow us to explore narratives around PrEP use, experiences of stigma, and concerns about mental health that are not captured by quantitative data. We analyzed serial in-depth interview data from a cohort of young women using PrEP to understand the broader context around their pill-taking, mental health, and relationships. In this study, we found that women described experiences of HIV-related stigma when they began taking PrEP which influenced their ability to take PrEP and their feelings about themselves. However, over time, women became more empowered to use PrEP and combat HIV-related stigma by becoming "ambassadors" of PrEP in their communities. This work highlights the potential for empowerment-based interventions to improve PrEP adherence and reduce community stigma and the richness of serially collected qualitative data. In Aims 1-3, we found evidence of a strong negative impact of depression on PrEP adherence and high rates of depression among women at risk of HIV. This work suggests that integrated depression screening and treatment with HIV prevention service delivery could improve mental health outcomes and PrEP effectiveness for women. To support the design of future integrated interventions, we conducted cognitive interviews assessing comprehensibility and acceptability of a widely used depression screening tool in the context of a PrEP delivery intervention among pregnant and postpartum women in Thika, Kenya. We found that the tool was largely acceptable and well-understood, but several minor changes to item wording and instructions would improve symptom screening and linkage to mental health care. These changes are part of our recommendations for the future use of this tool. The collective results presented in this dissertation illustrate the negative influence of depression and related psychosocial factors on consistent PrEP use for women, opportunities for stigma-reduction and empowerment-based intervention approaches to improve mental health symptoms and PrEP use in this population, and the potential to administer depression screening within the context of HIV prevention service delivery. This work contributes to a better understanding of the links between mental health and HIV risk for women and highlights the importance of integrating mental health and empowerment-based interventions with PrEP delivery to improve mental health screening and treatment and PrEP effectiveness for women in sub-Saharan Africa.
