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The Effects Of Prompts And Comprehension Assessment On Oral Reading
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Prompts and Comprehension Assessment on Oral Reading by : Bethany Evelyn Forbes
Download or read book The Effects of Prompts and Comprehension Assessment on Oral Reading written by Bethany Evelyn Forbes and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Words correct per minute (WCPM) scores, derived from oral reading fluency (ORF) assessments, are used, in part, to make decisions regarding special education eligibility. WCPM scores are sensitive to environmental factors such as the presence of a stopwatch, administrator characteristics, and instructions. Using sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade middle school students, we replicate and extend previous research on the effects of environmental prompts on ORF scores by instructing students to read fast and investigating the reading skill-by-instructions interaction. We also evaluated how students who had been were instructed to read fast (phase two) responded to subsequent (phase three) standard instructions and standard instructions plus a requirement to answer comprehension questions. Both Experiment I and II revealed that when students were instructed to read fast, as opposed to read their best, they increased their WCPM and errors. In Experiment I, a two-by-three mixed model ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between reading skill and instructions. When instructed to read fast, those with stronger reading skills had significantly larger increases in WCPM and smaller increases in errors. This interaction was not found in Experiment II. One explanation for these discrepant findings relates to differences in the difficulty level of passages used in the two studies. During Experiment I, harder passages were assigned to the read fast phase. Harder passages may have caused weaker readers more difficulty than stronger readers, which could account for the significant interaction. During Experiment II, within-subject analyses were used to assess how students who were instructed to read fast during phase two responded to standard instructions and standard instructions plus comprehension questions during phase three. Both groups altered their reading based on the new instructions and their WCPM and error scores decreased, approaching their phase one (standard instructions) levels. These findings, which showed that students responded to differences in instructions with significant increases and decreases in their WCPM, have applied implications for the administration of ORF assessments within Response to Intervention (RtI) programs. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Oral Repeated Readings on the Fluency and Comprehension Skills of Urban Elementary-aged Students by : Amanda L. Yurick
Download or read book The Effects of Oral Repeated Readings on the Fluency and Comprehension Skills of Urban Elementary-aged Students written by Amanda L. Yurick and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This study examined the effects of repeated reading practice on oral reading fluency and comprehension skills of elementary-aged students. Eight fifth-grade students, determined to be reading below grade level, and recognized by the classroom teacher as needing additional reading instruction participated in the study. A multiple baseline across subjects experimental design was used, with an initial baseline period of ten sessions. Participants entered the intervention in pairs according to similar reading levels. During each repeated reading session student pairs orally read, alternating paragraphs, to one another for a practice period of ten minutes. Students used a specified correction procedure when miscues occurred during the practice period. Following practice, each student participated in a one-minute timed trial, which was scored by the researcher for number of words read per minute and number of miscues committed by the reader. A cloze procedure comprehension assessment was done when the student reached the fluency criterion (one hundred eighty words read per minute). The dependent variables in this study were number of words read in one minute, number of miscues committed, and number of comprehension questions answered correctly. Results indicate that students' oral reading fluency improved with practice, miscues decreased with practice, and comprehension skills significantly improved overall. No word recognition skill gains were observed.
Book Synopsis Report of the National Reading Panel by : National Reading Panel (U.S.)
Download or read book Report of the National Reading Panel written by National Reading Panel (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment in Educational Therapy by : Marion Marshall
Download or read book Assessment in Educational Therapy written by Marion Marshall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-20 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessment in Educational Therapy offers essential grounding, skills, and ethical approaches for understanding and conducting assessments in the context of educational therapy. Six clear, straightforward chapters guide graduate students and trainees of the field to use scores, observation, and hypothesis testing to create strengths-based assessments and intervention strategies that can be delivered orally or in written reports. The book is the first to describe and critique all the standardized assessment instruments that qualified educational therapists can use to measure skills in reading, written expression, mathematics, and processing. Real-world case studies, practical takeaways of key concepts, resources for self-study, reflective questions, and other readers’ tools enliven this comprehensive yet accessible reference.
Book Synopsis Reading Comprehension Difficulties by : Cesare Cornoldi
Download or read book Reading Comprehension Difficulties written by Cesare Cornoldi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing the characteristics of children with learning disabilities and deciding how to help them is a problem faced by schools all over the world. Although some disorders are fairly easily recognizable (e.g., mental retardation) or very specific to single components of performance and quite rare (e.g., developmental dyscalculia), schools must consider much larger populations of children with learning difficulties who cannot always be readily classified. These children present high-level learning difficulties that affect their performance on a variety of school tasks, but the underlying problem is often their difficulty in understanding written text. In many instances, despite good intellectual abilities and a superficial ability to cope with written texts and to use language appropriately, some children do not seem to grasp the most important elements, or cannot find the pieces of information they are looking for. Sometimes these difficulties are not immediately detected by the teacher in the early school years. They may be hidden because the most obvious early indicators of reading progress in the teacher's eyes do not involve comprehension of written texts or because the first texts a child encounters are quite simple and reflect only the difficulty level of the oral messages (sentences, short stories, etc.) with which the child is already familiar. However, as years go by and texts get more complex, comprehension difficulties will become increasingly apparent and increasingly detrimental to effective school learning. In turn, studying, assimilating new information, and many other situations requiring text comprehension -- from problem solving to reasoning with linguistic contents -- could be affected. Problems with decoding, dyslexia, and language disorders have attracted more interest from researchers than have specific comprehension problems and have occupied more room in specialized journals. Normal reading comprehension has also been a favorite with researchers. However, scarce interest has been paid to subjects who have comprehension difficulties. This book is an attempt to remedy this situation. In so doing, this volume answers the following questions: * Does a reading comprehension problem exist in schools? * How important and widespread is the problem? * Is the problem specific? * How can a reading comprehension difficulty be defined and identified? * Does the "syndrome" have a single pattern or can different subtypes be identified? * What are the main characteristics associated with a reading comprehension difficulty? * When can other well-identified problems add to our understanding of reading comprehension difficulties? * Which educational strategies are effective in preventing and treating reading comprehension difficulties? * What supplementary information can we get from an international perspective?
Book Synopsis Reading Fluency by : Timothy Rasinski
Download or read book Reading Fluency written by Timothy Rasinski and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reading fluency has been identified as a key component of proficient reading. Research has consistently demonstrated significant and substantial correlations between reading fluency and overall reading achievement. Despite the great potential for fluency to have a significant outcome on students’ reading achievement, it continues to be not well understood by teachers, school administrators and policy makers. The chapters in this volume examine reading fluency from a variety of perspectives. The initial chapter sketches the history of fluency as a literacy instruction component. Following chapters examine recent studies and approaches to reading fluency, followed by chapters that explore actual fluency instruction models and the impact of fluency instruction. Assessment of reading fluency is critical for monitoring progress and identifying students in need of intervention. Two articles on assessment, one focused on word recognition and the other on prosody, expand our understanding of fluency measurement. Finally, a study from Turkey explores the relationship of various reading competencies, including fluency, in an integrated model of reading. Our hope for this volume is that it may spark a renewed interest in research into reading fluency and fluency instruction and move toward making fluency instruction an even more integral part of all literacy instruction.
Book Synopsis Effects of Oral Reading Rate and Inflection on Comprehension and Its Maintenance by : Henry Tenenbaum
Download or read book Effects of Oral Reading Rate and Inflection on Comprehension and Its Maintenance written by Henry Tenenbaum and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Rigorous experimental analysis of the effect of oral reading rate on comprehension has only recently been performed. There is still controversy over which rate of oral reading maximizes comprehension and retention. Inflection and how it interacts with rate of oral reading have received very little attention. This study sought to determine how oral reading rate, when approximating functional conversational speech (150 to 200 words/minute) and inflection, impacts comprehension and maintenance of comprehension. A single subject design was developed to determine how oral reading at 150 to 200 words/minute with inflection compared with oral reading a 1; 40 to 60 words/minute (instructional rate), wit! inflection on measures of comprehension and maintenance of comprehension. High oral reading rates without inflection were also compared with low oral reading rates without inflection to determine their effects on comprehension and maintenance of comprehension. The dependent variables were a free recall task, answers to 10 comprehension questions and written responses to a Cloze procedure. These occurred immediately following reading criteria, and at three and 10 days after criteria was reached. Six subjects were used in this study; two subjects were of high school age and reading below grade level and four subjects were in the third grade reading on grade level. For this study an ABCD design was used with four subjects and a CDAB design was used for two subjects so that any effect that sequence may have had could be determined. Also, the high rate conditions were yoked to the low rate conditions to keep the number of trials equal. The results confirmed that the combination of high oral reading rate with inflection (when reading approximates conversational speech), increased both the accuracy and speed of comprehension and its maintenance more than any of the other combinations. The combination of high oral reading without inflection was found to increase comprehension and maintenance of comprehension when compared with low oral reading rate with and without inflection. Also, inflection training in both the high and low rate oral reading conditions improved comprehension. The results of Experiment 2 systematically replicated the results of Experiment 1 across reading levels, reading passages, settings, and subjects. Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Effects of Oral Reading Rate and Inflection on Comprehension and Its Maintenance" by Henry A. Tenenbaum, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. A digital copy of this work may also be found in the university's institutional repository, IR@UF. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation.
Book Synopsis An Examination of the Effect of Meaning-focused Prompts on Student Effort and Achievement in Oral Reading by : Margaret Bell Davis
Download or read book An Examination of the Effect of Meaning-focused Prompts on Student Effort and Achievement in Oral Reading written by Margaret Bell Davis and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mr. Putter and Tabby Paint the Porch by : Cynthia Rylant
Download or read book Mr. Putter and Tabby Paint the Porch written by Cynthia Rylant and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2001 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mr. Putter finds it a challenge to paint his front porch in the prescence of his cat, Tabby, and his neighbor's dog, Zeke.
Download or read book Curriculum-based Measurement written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students referred for school psychology services often have reading skills deficits and experience difficulty in other academic areas. There are no procedures, detect small changes in reading growth as student grade level increases (Skinner et al., 2002). The current study was designed to extend research on CBM reading assessment procedures. Specifically, researchers compared the effects of oral and silent reading on the number of questions participants answered correctly across elementary and secondary students. Additionally, researchers compared the effect reading mode (oral versus silent) had on comprehension rates across elementary and secondary students. Finally, the relationships among oral and silent reading comprehension rate and WCPM and oral and silent reading comprehension level and WCPM were analyzed. Participants were assessed in two sessions. In one session, each student read three passages silently and answered comprehension questions. In the other session, each student read three passages orally and answered comprehension questions. The passages and questions used were selected from the Timed Readings Series (Spargo, 1989). For both reading conditions, the investigator recorded the number of seconds required for the student to read each passage, the number of questions the student answered correctly, and the student's rate of comprehension. For the oral reading condition, the experimenter recorded errors and the number of words read correctly in 1 minute. The results of this study support the validity of WCPM as a measure of comprehension rate, but not comprehension level. The results also indicate that oral reading does not hinder reading comprehension, but may actually enhance comprehension relative to silent reading. Thus, the current results suggest that during CBM, asking students to answer questions after reading aloud is appropriate, but measures obtained from the comprehension questions are only useful if converted to rates. The current results support the use of WCPM as a measure of reading comprehension rates. Although the current results support oral reading comprehension rate as a possible measure of general reading skills, future research is needed to establish the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of that measure.
Book Synopsis Validation in Language Assessment by : Antony John Kunnan
Download or read book Validation in Language Assessment written by Antony John Kunnan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Validation in Language Assessment contributes to the variety of validation approaches and analytical and interpretive techniques only recently adopted by language assessment researchers. Featuring selected papers from the 17th Language Testing Research Colloquium, the volume presents diverse approaches with an international perspective on validation in language assessment.
Book Synopsis Rethinking Reading Comprehension by : Anne P. Sweet
Download or read book Rethinking Reading Comprehension written by Anne P. Sweet and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical book grows out of a recent report written by the RAND Reading Study Group (RRSG), which proposed a national research agenda in the area of reading comprehension. Here, RRSG members have expanded on their findings and translated them into clear recommendations to inform practice. Teachers gain the latest knowledge about how students learn to comprehend texts and what can be done to improve the quality of instruction in this essential domain. From leading literacy scholars, the book explains research-based ways to: *Plan effective instruction for students at all grade levels *Meet the comprehension needs of English-language learners *Promote adolescents' comprehension of subject-area texts *Understand the complexities of comprehension assessment *Get optimal benefits from instructional technologies *And much more!
Book Synopsis Essentials of Assessing, Preventing, and Overcoming Reading Difficulties by : David A. Kilpatrick
Download or read book Essentials of Assessing, Preventing, and Overcoming Reading Difficulties written by David A. Kilpatrick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical, effective, evidence-based reading interventions that change students' lives Essentials of Understanding and Assessing Reading Difficulties is a practical, accessible, in-depth guide to reading assessment and intervention. It provides a detailed discussion of the nature and causes of reading difficulties, which will help develop the knowledge and confidence needed to accurately assess why a student is struggling. Readers will learn a framework for organizing testing results from current assessment batteries such as the WJ-IV, KTEA-3, and CTOPP-2. Case studies illustrate each of the concepts covered. A thorough discussion is provided on the assessment of phonics skills, phonological awareness, word recognition, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. Formatted for easy reading as well as quick reference, the text includes bullet points, icons, callout boxes, and other design elements to call attention to important information. Although a substantial amount of research has shown that most reading difficulties can be prevented or corrected, standard reading remediation efforts have proven largely ineffective. School psychologists are routinely called upon to evaluate students with reading difficulties and to make recommendations to address such difficulties. This book provides an overview of the best assessment and intervention techniques, backed by the most current research findings. Bridge the gap between research and practice Accurately assess the reason(s) why a student struggles in reading Improve reading skills using the most highly effective evidence-based techniques Reading may well be the most important thing students are taught during their school careers. It is a skill they will use every day of their lives; one that will dictate, in part, later life success. Struggling students need help now, and Essentials of Understanding and Assessing Reading Difficulties shows how to get these students on track.
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Teacher as Researcher: Action Research by Elementary Teachers by : Jay Feng
Download or read book Teacher as Researcher: Action Research by Elementary Teachers written by Jay Feng and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of action research reports by elementary classroom teachers.
Book Synopsis An Account of what Monies Were Receiv'd and Paid by Mr. Blunt for the Class Lottery in the Year 1711. and at what Times He Paid the Same Into the Exchequer, and how Much Remains in His Hands at this Time. With Some Queries and Observations Thereupon for the Benefit of the Publick by :
Download or read book An Account of what Monies Were Receiv'd and Paid by Mr. Blunt for the Class Lottery in the Year 1711. and at what Times He Paid the Same Into the Exchequer, and how Much Remains in His Hands at this Time. With Some Queries and Observations Thereupon for the Benefit of the Publick written by and published by . This book was released on 1712 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of the HELPS Program on the Oral Reading Fluency and Accuracy Rates of Third-, Fourth-, and Fifth-grade Students by : Susan C. Blackburn
Download or read book The Effect of the HELPS Program on the Oral Reading Fluency and Accuracy Rates of Third-, Fourth-, and Fifth-grade Students written by Susan C. Blackburn and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation was designed to examine the effects of the HELPS Program (Helping Early Literacy with Practice Strategies One-on-One Program) on the oral reading fluency and accuracy rates of third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students as compared to students who received regular classroom instruction only. The study was conducted in a school district in northwestern North Carolina. The students in this study scored below benchmark on a Reading 3D End of Year Assessment and were nonproficient on the North Carolina end-of-grade reading test. As fluency is tied to reading comprehension, it is important that students have sufficient fluency and accuracy skills to read grade-level texts. -- The study used Reading 3D Beginning of Year, Middle of Year, and End of Year Assessments as well as comments from a teacher focus group and random student interviews. Mean fluency and accuracy rates were compared between the control group and intervention group, males and females, and third through fifth graders at each assessment period throughout the year. -- A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc along with simple effects were used in this study. The data from these analyses revealed little difference between the mean fluency and accuracy scores of the control groups verses the intervention groups.
