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Author : James Darrell Woods
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (368 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Pension Fund Activism on Corporate Performance written by James Darrell Woods and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alon Brav
Publisher : Now Publishers Inc
ISBN 13 : 1601983387
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Hedge Fund Activism written by Alon Brav and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2010 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hedge Fund Activism begins with a brief outline of the research literature and describes datasets on hedge fund activism.
Author : Sunil Wahal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Public Pension Fund Activism and Firm Performance written by Sunil Wahal and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the efficacy of pension fund activism and the ability or willingness of these funds to vote with their feet. I examine all firms targeted by nine major funds over a seven year period (1987-1993). Targeting announcements are associated with a small but significant wealth effect for a subset of firms. However, there is no evidence of improvement in the long-term stock price performance of targeted firms. In fact, performance continues to decline even three years after targeting. Moreover, in contrast to other institutions, pension funds do not appear to significantly reduce their holdings in underperforming firms in general, or in firms that they target. Collectively, the results cast doubt on the effectiveness of public pension fund activism as a substitute for an active market for corporate control.
Author : Diane Del Guercio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book The Motivation and Impact of Pension Fund Activism written by Diane Del Guercio and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pension funds have become increasingly active in the governance of companies in which they own stock. A common form of activism includes the submission of shareholder proposals to the corporate proxy statement. This study examines the impact and motivation of pension fund activism by studying the targets of the largest, most active funds from 1987 through 1993. Previous studies show that shareholder proposals are associated with negligible shareholder wealth effects, which some attribute to personal publicity or political motivations associated with public funds. We argue that a proper assessment of fund motivation and impact requires recognition of the heterogeneity across pension funds in investment strategies, and activism objectives and tactics. In addition, due to event date uncertainty common to shareholder proposals, a more powerful method of measuring impact is useful; we measure the effectiveness of the funds in generating significant changes in target company policies. Relative to a performance, size and industry matched control sample, we find that companies receiving pension fund proposals subsequently experience a higher frequency of governance events such as shareholder lawsuits, and responsive corporate policies such as asset sales, restructurings, and layoffs. We also show that variation in impact across target firms is related to fund heterogeneity. We conclude that the funds are more successful at monitoring target firms than previously recognized, and find no evidence to support motivations other than fund value maximization.
Author : William Bratton
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191039799
Total Pages : 924 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Institutional Investor Activism written by William Bratton and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past two decades has witnessed unprecedented changes in the corporate governance landscape in Europe, the US and Asia. Across many countries, activist investors have pursued engagements with management of target companies. More recently, the role of the hostile activist shareholder has been taken up by a set of hedge funds. Hedge fund activism is characterized by mergers and corporate restructuring, replacement of management and board members, proxy voting, and lobbying of management. These investors target and research companies, take large positions in `their stock, criticize their business plans and governance practices, and confront their managers, demanding action enhancing shareholder value. This book analyses the impact of activists on the companies that they invest, the effects on shareholders and on activists funds themselves. Chapters examine such topic as investors' strategic approaches, the financial returns they produce, and the regulatory frameworks within which they operate. The chapters also provide historical context, both of activist investment and institutional shareholder passivity. The volume facilitates a comparison between the US and the EU, juxtaposing not only regulatory patterns but investment styles.
Author : Michael J. Rubach
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780815335023
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Institutional Shareholder Activism written by Michael J. Rubach and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1999 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author : Sunil Wahal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Pension Fund Activism and Firm Performance written by Sunil Wahal and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the efficacy of pension fund activism by examining all firms targeted by nine major funds from 1987 to 1993. I document a movement away from takeover-related proxy proposal targetings in the late 1980s to governance-related proxy proposal and non-proxy proposal targetings in the 1990s. For the vast majority of firms there are no significant abnormal returns at the time of targeting. The subset of firms subject to non-proxy proposal targeting, however, experience a significant positive wealth effect. There is no evidence of significant long-term improvement in either stock price or accounting measures of performance in the post-targeting period. Collectively, these results cast doubt on the effectiveness of pension fund activism as a substitute for an active market for corporate control.
Author : Michael J. Rubach
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136535195
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)
Download or read book The Changing Face of Corporate Ownership written by Michael J. Rubach and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the shareholder activism of institutional investors, and the effect of this activism on portfolio performance. By focusing on 118 institutional investors headquartered in the United States, the book is unique in addressing the shareholder activism of a large sample. Institutional shareholder activism is defined to include both traditional mechanisms of influence (i.e. filing shareholder proposals) and relationship investing. Institutional owners included private and public pension funds, mutual funds, bank trusts, insurance companies, endowments, and foundations. These institutional owners differ substantially, and these differences lead institutions to use their ownership power to pursue different philosophies and actions. Some institutions follow a passive governance policy, While others adopt an activist role. This book seeks to answer four questions: (1) Are institutional owners actively involved in the strategic affairs of companies in their portfolios? (2)Which forms of activism do institutional owners employ (either confrontational mechanisms, such as filing shareholder proposals, or relationship building mechanisms)? (3)Which forms of activism employed are most effective? and (4) Does the institutional type affect its pursuit of shareholder activism? In answering these questions the author suggests new important results that in many cases are contrary to what prior reports of the activities by a small number of institutional owners may intimate.
Author : John Buchanan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107379318
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)
Download or read book Hedge Fund Activism in Japan written by John Buchanan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hedge fund activism is an expression of shareholder primacy, an idea that has come to dominate discussion of corporate governance theory and practice worldwide over the past two decades. This book provides a thorough examination of public and often confrontational hedge fund activism in Japan in the period between 2001 and the full onset of the global financial crisis in 2008. In Japan this shareholder-centric conception of the company espoused by activist hedge funds clashed with the alternative Japanese conception of the company as an enduring organisation or a 'community'. By analysing this clash, the book derives a fresh view of the practices underpinning corporate governance in Japan and offers suggestions regarding the validity of the shareholder primacy ideas currently at the heart of US and UK beliefs about the purpose of the firm.
Author : Roberta Romano
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (284 download)
Download or read book The Political Limits of Public Pension Fund Activism in Corporate Governance written by Roberta Romano and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Roberta Romano
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Public Pension Fund Activism in Corporate Governance Reconsidered written by Roberta Romano and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yong Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Institutional Investors and Corporate Governance written by Yong Wang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of Institutional investors in alleviating the agent problem of management and its valuation effect has been studied extensively in corporate finance. We complement this stream of research by exploring management's control over institutional investors with misaligned objectives, particularly public pension fund, and the consequential valuation effect. We investigate the politic motive of public pension fund's shareholder activism and its impact on the target firms' operational performance, address the control of a strong management on public pension funds' self-serving agenda, and finally we compare the ownership adjustment pattern of public pension funds to other institutional investors to conclude public pension funds' ownership adjustment reflects their private pursuit. The first chapter explores the politic facet and performance effect of shareholder activism sponsored by public pension fund. In this study, we show that having a public pension fund as the leading sponsor of a shareholder proposal significantly improves the proposal's likelihood of being accepted by the target firm. The increased acceptance rate sources from the subset of proposals addressing a social responsibility issue, and targeting firms with weak insider control. An investigation of the public pension board reveals that the board's political profile is the primary determinant of public pension fund's propensity to lead a proposal, and the target firm's acceptance rate. We also assess the performance impact of shareholder proposals. For target firms with strong insider control, the performance impact of accepted social responsibility proposals is significantly positive; that of governance proposals is negligible. For target firms with weak insider control, the performance impact associated with public pension funds is either negative or negligible. These results suggest that the motive driving public pension funds' dominant presence in shareholder activism is not market based, but laden with purpose other than value creation. In the second chapter, we postulate that the widely documented negative valuation effect of ownership by public pension will be weak on firms with extra managerial control mechanism and/or whose managerial ownership of cash flow is high. For firms with high level managerial ownership of cash flow, management bears higher cost for a concession made with public pension fund's misaligned objective. An efficient market will expect this effect and value the managerial control over public pension fund to the extent that the management's benefit is aligned with outside shareholders. Consequently, the cross section valuation difference of firms held by public pension funds can be explained by the managerial ownership of cash flow, managerial control derived from extra mechanism such as dual class share, however, has no explanative power. The last chapter investigates the link between private benefits and institutional holding change. We assume the cross section equilibrium of block holding will break when market sentiment is high. Consequently, block holder tends to shed more shares loaded with less private benefits by taking advantage of opportunities available in a high sentiment market. The empirical results support this conjecture. When the market sentiment is high, Institutional block holders tend to shed more private benefits meager dual-class share than private benefits affluent non-dual class share. This pattern does not exist when the market sentiment is low. Most importantly, public pension fund is identified as the major driver of this effect.
Author : Alberto Salazar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Pension Fund Activism and Pay for Long-Term Firm Performance - Should Executive Compensation Also be Tied to Employee Well-Being to Ensure Sustainability? written by Alberto Salazar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses pension fund activism and the use of executive compensation as a financial incentive to align the behavior of executives with long-term firm performance. It explores the merits of broadening a performance metric that can go beyond traditional shareholder value maximization objectives and integrate employees' interest in the context of liberal market economies. This work argues that active pension funds may adopt a broader view of performance that incorporates employee welfare and thus promote the tying of executive pay to improvements in employees' interests. As shareholder value, firm profitability and executive pay increase, executives should make gradual progress on improving employees' income (e.g. living wages, bonus), productivity and innovation, job security, healthy and safe work environment, equality and pension contributions. This is desirable as it will ensure the long-term sustainability of companies and society at large, which will ultimately secure and maximize the financial returns and non-financial benefits for pension funds' beneficiaries. To that end, pension funds may consider encouraging the use of clawback policies to recoup executive compensation when executives fail to integrate employees' interest into a company's performance metric. While such policies depend on the success of shareholder proposals, pension fund activism seeking to introduce such clawback policies is likely to be more successful with both the recent expansion of directors' fiduciary duties that requires directors to serve the interests of, inter alia, employees and the widely accepted environmental, social and governance (ESG) expectations. This is so because such clawback policy proposals will expose directors to potential liability if they ignore their fiduciary duty towards employees. Ultimately, a clawback policy that incorporates employees' interests into pay for performance will make a significant contribution to long-term firm performance, employee wellbeing and the overall sustainability of society. This paper uses examples from two liberal economies, namely US and Canada, to illustrate the argument.
Author : John C. Coffee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781680830767
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (37 download)
Download or read book The Wolf at the Door written by John C. Coffee and published by . This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wolf at the Door: The Impact of Hedge Fund Activism on Corporate Governance has three basic aims: to understand and explain the factors that have caused an explosion in hedge fund activism; to examine the impact of this activism; and to survey and evaluate possible legal interventions with an emphasis on the least restrictive alternative.
Author : Annika E. Sundén
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Investment Practices of State and Local Pension Funds written by Annika E. Sundén and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investment practices of public pension funds have become a topic of major interest in the wake of President Clinton's 1999 proposal to invest a portion of the Social Security Trust Funds in equities. Both supporters and opponents of the proposal point to the performance of public plans to argue their case. Supporters cite the success of Federal plans, particularly the Federal Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), which has avoided picking individual stocks by investing in a stock index and has steered clear of projects with less than market returns. Divestiture of stocks for social or political reasons has also not been a problem, and TSP has avoided government intervention in the private sector since individual portfolio managers vote the proxies. Opponents of Social Security Trust Fund investment in equities point to state and local pension funds. They contend that state and local pensions often undertake investments that sacrifice return to achieve political or social goals, divest stocks to demonstrate that they do not support some perceived immoral or unethical behavior, and intervene in corporate activity. Opponents claim that if Social Security's investment options were broadened, Congress would use the Trust Fund money for similar unproductive activities. An important question is the extent to which allegations about state and local plans are true. This study explores four possible avenues through which social or political considerations could enter the investment decisions of state and local pension funds. The first section focuses on economically targeted investments (ETIs), those investments that are designed to meet some special need within the state. The second section looks at instances of pension fund activism, whereby the fund managers attempt to influence corporate behavior to improve profitability or other aspects of corporate performance. The third section investigates the extent to which state and local pension plans have avoided or divested certain holdings in order to make a political or ethical statement. The fourth section investigates the extent to which states and localities have used pension funds as an escape valve for general budget pressures. This comprehensive review yields the following conclusions. First, economically targeted investments account for no more than 2.5 percent of total state and local holdings. Although early studies showed plans sacrificing considerable return for targeting their investments to in-state activities, recent survey data reveal no adverse impact on returns as a result of the current small amount of ETI activity. Second, public plans in only three states have seriously engaged in shareholder activism, and this activism appears to have been motivated by a desire to improve the bottom line not to make a political statement. The literature suggests that this activity has had a negligible to positive impact on returns. Third, the only significant divestiture that has occurred was related to companies doing business in South Africa before 1994. This was a unique situation where worldwide consensus among industrial nations led to a global ban on investment in that country. With respect to tobacco, public plans have generally resisted divestiture, and only a few have actually sold their stock. Finally, state and local governments have borrowed occasionally from their pension funds or reduced their contributions in the wake of budget pressures, but this activity has been restrained by the courts and frequently reversed. In short, the story that emerges at the state and local level is that while in the early 1980s some public plans sacrificed returns for social considerations, plan managers have become much more sophisticated. Today, public plans appear to be performing as well as private plans.
Author : David Webber
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674972139
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)
Download or read book The Rise of the Working-Class Shareholder written by David Webber and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-02 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Steven Burd, CEO of the supermarket chain Safeway, cut wages and benefits, starting a five-month strike by 59,000 unionized workers, he was confident he would win. But where traditional labor action failed, a novel approach was more successful. With the aid of the California Public Employees’ Retirement System, a $300 billion pension fund, workers led a shareholder revolt that unseated three of Burd’s boardroom allies. In The Rise of the Working-Class Shareholder: Labor's Last Best Weapon, David Webber uses cases such as Safeway’s to shine a light on labor’s most potent remaining weapon: its multitrillion-dollar pension funds. Outmaneuvered at the bargaining table and under constant assault in Washington, state houses, and the courts, worker organizations are beginning to exercise muscle through markets. Shareholder activism has been used to divest from anti-labor companies, gun makers, and tobacco; diversify corporate boards; support Occupy Wall Street; force global warming onto the corporate agenda; create jobs; and challenge outlandish CEO pay. Webber argues that workers have found in labor’s capital a potent strategy against their exploiters. He explains the tactic’s surmountable difficulties even as he cautions that corporate interests are already working to deny labor’s access to this powerful and underused tool. The Rise of the Working-Class Shareholder is a rare good-news story for American workers, an opportunity hiding in plain sight. Combining legal rigor with inspiring narratives of labor victory, Webber shows how workers can wield their own capital to reclaim their strength.
Author : Stuart Gillan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book The Evolution of Shareholder Activism in the United States written by Stuart Gillan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1900's American financial institutions were active participants in U.S. corporate governance but the enactment of securities laws in the 1930's limited the power of financial intermediaries and thus their governance role. The consequence of such laws and regulations was a progressive widening of the gap between ownership and control in large U.S. public companies. In 1942, SEC rule changes allowed shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion on corporate ballots. Since that time, shareholder activists have used the proxy process, and other approaches, to pressure corporate boards and managers for change. In particular, during the mid-1980s, the involvement of large institutional shareholders increased dramatically with the advent of public pension fund activism. At the heart of shareholder activism is the quest for value, yet the empirical evidence suggests that effects of such activism are mixed. We review the evidence on activism and, while some studies have found positive short-term market reactions to announcements of certain kinds of activism, there is little evidence of improvement in the long-term operating or stock-market performance of the targeted companies. A recent increase in hedge fund activism appears to be associated with dramatic corporate change, however, the research in this area is still somewhat nascent and the long-term effects are still unknown.
