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The Effects Of Extrinsic Monetary Incentives On Motivation And Performance In A Transfer Task Problem Solving Situation
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Extrinsic Monetary Incentives on Motivation and Performance in a Transfer-task Problem-solving Situation by : Sheila F. McNeill
Download or read book The Effects of Extrinsic Monetary Incentives on Motivation and Performance in a Transfer-task Problem-solving Situation written by Sheila F. McNeill and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Financial Incentives on Individual Performance: An Experimental Approach by : Steffen Hetzel
Download or read book The Impact of Financial Incentives on Individual Performance: An Experimental Approach written by Steffen Hetzel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diploma Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Economics - Job market economics, grade: 1,3, University of Mannheim, language: English, abstract: The thesis on hand is dealing with the impact of financial incentives on individual performance. For this, the perception of an experimental approach has been chosen. The target of the thesis is the development of the blueprint of an experiment to provide further research input on the effectiveness of financial incentives. To do so, the theoretical background for studying this problem is introduced by investigating the psychological and economical approaches to analyze the topic. Additionally, empirical and experimental studies dealing with this issue are presented. Based on those findings, the structure of an experiment to be carried out at university with students is developed and objectives, design and supplementary requirements for conducting this are discussed. Subsequent, suggestions for the analysis, reporting and possibly occurring challenges throughout the process of implementation are illustrated. The design of the experiment is giving a verification of before detected findings of a non-linear correlation between incentives and performance. In contrary to standard economic models, the relation is not predicted to be monotonic, but S-shaped. For this perspective, not only performance on varying incentive levels is analyzed, but also performance if payments are absent. Furthermore, the influence of publishing the course of incentive levels in the beginning of the experiment, in comparison to a task-to-task announcement is investigated. An evaluation of this relation is undertaken by studying the impact of financial incentives on performance of three observation groups through two different exercises with varying incentive levels during a real-effort experiment.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Performance Incentives and Creativity Training on Creative Problem Solving Performance by : Kun Huo
Download or read book The Effects of Performance Incentives and Creativity Training on Creative Problem Solving Performance written by Kun Huo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards on the Competition Between Striatal Learning Systems by : Joschka Bödecker
Download or read book Modeling Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards on the Competition Between Striatal Learning Systems written by Joschka Bödecker and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A common assumption in psychology, economics, and other fields holds that higher performance will result if extrinsic rewards (such as money) are offered as an incentive. While this principle seems to work well for tasks that require the execution of the same sequence of steps over and over, with little uncertainty about the process, in other cases, especially where creative problem solving is required due to the difficulty in finding the optimal sequence of actions, external rewards can actually be detrimental to task performance. Furthermore, they have the potential to undermine intrinsic motivation to do an otherwise interesting activity. In this work, we extend a computational model of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatal reinforcement learning systems to account for the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. The model assumes that the brain employs both a goal-directed and a habitual learning system, and competition between both is based on the trade-off between the cost of the reasoning process and value of information. The goal-directed system elicits internal rewards when its models of the environment improve, while the habitual system, being model-free, does not. Our results account for the phenomena that initial extrinsic reward leads to reduced activity after extinction compared to the case without any initial extrinsic rewards, and that performance in complex task settings drops when higher external rewards are promised. We also test the hypothesis that external rewards bias the competition in favor of the computationally efficient, but cruder and less flexible habitual system, which can negatively influence intrinsic motivation and task performance in the class of tasks we consider
Book Synopsis The Hidden Costs of Reward by : Mark R. Lepper
Download or read book The Hidden Costs of Reward written by Mark R. Lepper and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1978, this volume provided a broad survey of the latest research and theory, at the time, concerning the potential detrimental effects of inappropriate uses of tangible rewards to modify behaviour. Overall, this research questions the dominant paradigm within which reinforcers, by definition, have positive effects on performance and subsequent behaviour, and suggests new directions for the study of human motivation. In a series of five original integrative essays, the contributors summarize their own and related research programmes. These theoretical essays are complemented by two introductory chapters, that provide a historical context for this research, and four discussion chapters, that speak to broader issues, including both the implications and limitations of the research presented. At the time, this was the latest information on a most provocative area.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation by : Judy Cameron
Download or read book Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation written by Judy Cameron and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2002-05-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 30 years, many social psychologists have been critical of the practice of using incentive systems in business, education, and other applied settings. The concern is that money, high grades, prizes, and even praise may be effective in getting people to perform an activity but performance and interest are maintained only so long as the reward keeps coming. Once the reward is withdrawn, the concern is that individuals will enjoy the activity less, perform at a lower level, and spend less time on the task. The claim is that rewards destroy people's intrinsic motivation. Widely accepted, this view has been enormously influential and has led many employers, teachers, and other practitioners to question the use of rewards and incentive systems in applied settings. Contrary to this view, the research by Cameron and Pierce indicates that rewards can be used effectively to enhance interest and performance. The book centers around the debate on rewards and intrinsic motivation. Based on historical, narrative, and meta-analytic reviews, Cameron and Pierce show that, contrary to many claims, rewards do not have pervasive negative effects. Instead, the authors show that careful arrangement of rewards enhances motivation, performance, and interest. The overall goal of the book is to draw together over 30 years of research on rewards, motivation, and performance and to provide practitioners with techniques for designing effective incentive systems.
Book Synopsis Index to American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book Index to American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation by : Carol Sansone
Download or read book Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation written by Carol Sansone and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-09-12 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In understanding human behavior, psychologists have long been interested in what motivates specific actions. Debates have pitted extrinsic motivators (e.g. rewards/punishment) against intrinsic motivation in attempting to determine what best motivates individuals. This book provides a summary view of what research has determined about both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and clarifies what questions remain unanswered. Divided into three sections, section I revisits the debate about the effects of extrinsic incentives or constraints on intrinsic motivation and creativity, and identifies theoretical advances in motivational research. Section II focuses on the hidden costs and benefits of different types of achievement goals on motivation and performance. Section III discusses theory and research findings on how extrinsic and intrinsic motivators may work in everyday life and over time. This book is of interest to researchers in psychology, education, and business, as well as to a wider audience interested in promoting optimal motivation and performance.Coverage in this book includes:* Debates and controversies in motivational research* Developmental nature of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation over time* Influences of parents, educators, and employers in facilitating motivation* Effect of achievement goals on learning and performance* The role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in self-regulation Key Features* Brings together major figures in the fields of motivation, education, and social psychology* Provides a mix of theory, basic and applied research* Presents research conducted both in laboratories and educational settings* Comprehensive chapters provide excellent reviews of previous literature as well as outlines important new directions* Provides different perspectives on controversial debates in a balanced, constructive manner
Book Synopsis Innovation and Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry by : Min Ding
Download or read book Innovation and Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Min Ding and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry is one of today’s most dynamic and complex industries, involving commercialization of cutting-edge scientific research, a huge web of stakeholders (from investors to doctors), multi-stage supply chains, fierce competition in the race to market, and a challenging regulatory environment. The stakes are high, with each new product raising the prospect of spectacular success—or failure. Worldwide revenues are approaching $1 trillion; in the U.S. alone, marketing for pharmaceutical products is, itself, a multi-billion dollar industry. In this volume, the editors showcase contributions from experts around the world to capture the state of the art in research, analysis, and practice, and covering the full spectrum of topics relating to innovation and marketing, including R&D, promotion, pricing, branding, competitive strategy, and portfolio management. Chapters include such features as: · An extensive literature review, including coverage of research from fields other than marketing · an overview of how practitioners have addressed the topic · introduction of relevant analytical tools, such as statistics and ethnographic studies · suggestions for further research by scholars and students The result is a comprehensive, state-of-the-art resource that will be of interest to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, alike.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation by : Frank John Krzystofiak
Download or read book The Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation written by Frank John Krzystofiak and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The effectiveness of money as a motivation for academic institutions. An assessment by : Alex Mbegu
Download or read book The effectiveness of money as a motivation for academic institutions. An assessment written by Alex Mbegu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Leadership and Human Resources - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.0, , course: Bachelor of Human Resource Management, language: English, abstract: Employee motivation was defined by Torrington (2008) as “an effort or drive that an individual puts into an activity”. This research paper investigated the effectiveness of money as motivator for academic staff in higher learning institutions. The subjects of the study were 26 workers of Tumaini University Dar es Salaam College, the subjects were divided into two groups; senior management and academic staff. 25 questionnaires were issued to academic staff and an interview was conducted with the principal human resource officer. In spite of other relevant theories, the study was keenly guided by the Herzberg two-factor theory that argued “trying to use money is an inferior way to motivate an employee”. Quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis were employed. The findings of the study revealed that the effectiveness of money as motivator for academic staff was limited or affected by some motivating factors and not affected or unlimited by others. In the concern of the implications, the limitations and suggestions for future research studies, they are discussed in the final chapter.
Book Synopsis Humans Integrate Monetary and Liquid Incentives to Motivate Cognitive Task Performance by : Debbie Yee
Download or read book Humans Integrate Monetary and Liquid Incentives to Motivate Cognitive Task Performance written by Debbie Yee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is unequivocal that a wide variety of incentives can motivate behavior. However, few studies have explicitly examined whether and how different incentives are integrated in terms of their motivational influence. The current study examines the combined effects of monetary and liquid incentives on cognitive processing, and whether appetitive and aversive incentives have distinct influences. We introduce a novel task paradigm, in which participants perform cued task-switching for monetary rewards that vary parametrically across trials, with liquid incentives serving as post-trial performance feedback. Critically, the symbolic meaning of the liquid was held constant (indicating successful reward attainment), while liquid valence was blocked. In the first experiment, monetary rewards combined additively with appetitive liquid feedback to improve subject task performance. Aversive liquid feedback counteracted monetary reward effects in low monetary reward trials, particularly in a subset of participants who tended to avoid responding under these conditions. Self-report motivation ratings predicted behavioral performance above and beyond experimental effects. A follow-up experiment replicated the predictive power of motivation ratings even when only appetitive liquids were use, suggesting that ratings reflect idiosyncratic subjective values of, rather than categorical differences between, the liquid incentives. Together, the findings indicate an integrative relationship between primary and secondary incentives and potentially dissociable influences in modulating motivational value, while informing hypotheses regarding candidate neural mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Management Accounting Research by : Christopher S. Chapman
Download or read book Handbook of Management Accounting Research written by Christopher S. Chapman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume one of the Handbooks of Management Accounting Research sets the context for both Handbooks, with three chapters outlining the historical development of management accounting as a discipline and as a practice in three broad geographic settings. The bulk of the first volume then draws together a series of contributions that analyse the scholarly literature in terms of distinct intellectual and theoretical social science perspectives. The volume includes a chapter which looks at work informed by psychology as a base discipline. The volume also includes a set of chapters that seek to evaluate and explain issues of research method for the different approaches to research found within management accounting. Special pricing available if purchased as a set with Volume 2. Documents the scholarly management accounting literature Publishing both in print, and online through Science Direct International in scope
Book Synopsis Effects of Performance-Based Pay, Social Recognition, and Training on Performance in Creative Problem Solving by : Kun Huo
Download or read book Effects of Performance-Based Pay, Social Recognition, and Training on Performance in Creative Problem Solving written by Kun Huo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I investigate the effect of different incentive schemes on employees' effort and performance in a creative problem-solving task because current literature is divided on the effect of performance-based incentives on creative performance. I conduct an experimental study comparing two types of performance-based incentives (piece-rate pay and fixed pay plus social recognition) with fixed pay alone and examine whether the use of creativity training can moderate the relationship between incentives and creative performance. By integrating theoretical predictions from both Bonner and Sprinkle's (2002) incentive-effort-performance model and Amabile's (1996) componential model of creative problem solving, I predict that the effect of performance-based incentives on creative performance will be more positive in the presence of creativity training than in its absence. In the experiment, 120 participants attempted to solve 6 problems requiring creative insight under time constraints. Creative performance is measured as the number of insight problems solved. Significant interactions with training are found for both piece-rate pay and social recognition. I find that, without training, piece-rate pay produces lower creative performance than fixed pay. With training, however, performance is higher under piece-rate pay than under fixed pay. Relative to fixed pay alone, fixed pay plus social recognition has no effect on creative performance without training, but it motivates higher creative performance with training. Findings from this study have implications for organizations that need creative output from their employees and are looking to use incentives, either monetary or non-monetary, to motivate superior performance.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Tournament Incentive Contracts and Relative Performance Feedback on Task Effort, Learning Effort, and Performance by : George Lee
Download or read book The Effects of Tournament Incentive Contracts and Relative Performance Feedback on Task Effort, Learning Effort, and Performance written by George Lee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When employees work hard, they exert more effort on job tasks (task effort); and when employees learn hard, they exert more effort to learn (learning effort). Task effort and learning effort are important causes of improved performance. This thesis investigates whether the use of tournament schemes motivates employees to work harder and learn harder, and also whether providing performance feedback in tournament schemes has any impact on task effort and learning effort.This thesis has three goals. The first is to investigate the relationship between incentives, learning, and performance. The literature on whether learning interacts with incentives to improve performance is inconclusive, because no prior research has provided a good test of this question (as noted by Bonner and Sprinkle 2002; Bailey and Fessler 2011; Bailey et al. 1998, and as remains true today). The second goal is to investigate the motivational effect of tournament schemes on effort. The literature suggests that effort is difficult to observe directly or to quantify; as a result, it is hard to verify whether tournament schemes motivate employees' task effort and learning effort. This thesis uses an eye-tracking device to measure effort, by measuring eye position, eye movements, and pupil size. The third goal is to investigate the effect of performance feedback on task effort, learning effort, and performance in the tournament setting.I posit and show evidence that both task effort and learning effort are higher in multiple-winner schemes than in either winner-takes-all schemes or piece-rate schemes. Task effort is directly positively associated with performance, while learning effort causes learning transfer to a job task, also yielding a positive effect on performance. I find that providing relative performance feedback in the tournament setting has no significant impact on task effort or learning effort.These findings have practical value for many corporations, which are constantly re-evaluating the effectiveness of their incentive schemes and reporting systems while investing in learning initiatives to help employees transfer learned skills to job tasks. Organizations may use the insights of this thesis to help them design learning initiatives and motivate employees to transfer learned skills to their job tasks.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Work Performance, Job Satisfaction and Intrinsic Motivation by : Michael Edward Gibbs
Download or read book The Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Work Performance, Job Satisfaction and Intrinsic Motivation written by Michael Edward Gibbs and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
