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The Effects Of Estrous Synchronization On The Reproductive Efficiency Of Angus Cattle Using A Synthetic Form Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Estrous Synchronization on the Reproductive Efficiency of Angus Cattle Using a Synthetic Form of Prostaglandin-F2 Alpha by : Deborah Sue Divich
Download or read book The Effects of Estrous Synchronization on the Reproductive Efficiency of Angus Cattle Using a Synthetic Form of Prostaglandin-F2 Alpha written by Deborah Sue Divich and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving Beef Cattle Reproductive Efficiency by : McKenzie R. Corpron
Download or read book Improving Beef Cattle Reproductive Efficiency written by McKenzie R. Corpron and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Less than 10% of beef cow-calf producers in the United States currently implement reproductive technologies such as estrous synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) as a component of their breeding management program. Synchronization protocols aid in the synchrony of estrus and ovulation to improve cattle fertility, however, many protocols often require multiple hormone injections and animal handlings. Development of estrous synchronization protocols that limit number of injections, cost, and labor inputs, without compromising fertility, may improve the adoption of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) within the beef industry. The main objective of the first study was to compare the effect of a single injection of high-concentration (HICON) prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF) or two conventional PGF injections (2PGF) administered 8 h apart at controlled internal drug release insert (CIDR) removal, on reducing serum progesterone (P4) before FTAI and on subsequent pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in postpartum beef cows (n=404) synchronized with a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR breeding program. Serum P4 concentration at the time of insemination is a determining factor of cattle fertility in FTAI protocols, as lower concentrations have been associated with increased P/AI. A secondary objective of the first study was to assess the relationship between P4 concentration at the time of insemination and probability of pregnancy to AI. Progesterone concentrations at AI were lesser in 2PGF than HICON, however, P/AI was not different between treatments. Probability of pregnancy decreased as P4 concentration at AI increased and the optimal P4 cutoff concentration to optimize fertility was determined at 0.43 ng/mL. Intramuscular (i.m.) route of injection is commonly used to administer products used in estrous synchronization in beef cattle; however, this route causes greater incidence of injection-site lesions and tissue damage associated with reduced beef carcass quality and tenderness than subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. Therefore, use of s.c. administration is favorable to reduce carcass damage. The objective of the second study was to compare the ability of a single s.c. injection of high-concentration PGF (HICON-SC) with two i.m. injections of conventional PGF 6 h apart (2PGF-IM) to reduce P4 concentration and induce luteolysis by the time of AI in a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR synchronization program in postpartum beef cows. A similar decline in P4 concentration occurred in both treatments following PGF, indicating s.c. administration of HICON could be an effective alternative to i.m. administration of the conventional double PGF dose to induce luteolysis before AI in the 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol.
Book Synopsis Master's Theses in the Natural and Technical Sciences by :
Download or read book Master's Theses in the Natural and Technical Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Master's Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prostaglandin F2[alpha] and Estrus Synchronization in the Bovine by : Steven David Hansen
Download or read book Prostaglandin F2[alpha] and Estrus Synchronization in the Bovine written by Steven David Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fertility in Beef Cattle Following Estrous Synchronization with a Synthetic Prostaglandin F2[alpha] Analogue, Cloprostenol Or a Synthetic Progestogen, Norgestomet by : James Douglas Chapman
Download or read book Fertility in Beef Cattle Following Estrous Synchronization with a Synthetic Prostaglandin F2[alpha] Analogue, Cloprostenol Or a Synthetic Progestogen, Norgestomet written by James Douglas Chapman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF2[alpha]) Analogues, Lutalyse and Bovilene, on Synchronization of Estrus in Beef Cattle by : Salah M. Khalil
Download or read book The Effect of Prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF2[alpha]) Analogues, Lutalyse and Bovilene, on Synchronization of Estrus in Beef Cattle written by Salah M. Khalil and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inhibition of Direct Prostaglandin F2[alpha] Effects on Pre-attachment Embroyos Improves Reproductive Efficiency in Cattle by : Fernando Nestor Scenna
Download or read book Inhibition of Direct Prostaglandin F2[alpha] Effects on Pre-attachment Embroyos Improves Reproductive Efficiency in Cattle written by Fernando Nestor Scenna and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF2[alpha]) has been shown to have detrimental effects on embryonic development, quality and hatching ability of embryos and pregnancy rates in cows. However, information about PGF2[alpha] receptor (FPr) mRNA and protein in the pre-attachment bovine embryo is absent in the literature. The first experiment was design to identify the period of time during in vitro embryo development that is most susceptible to PGF2[alpha] and to determine FPr mRNA and protein in bovine embryos. Prostaglandin F2[alpha] decreased development of embryos to compact morula, but had no effect on development to blastocyst. In addition, FPr mRNA and protein was confirmed by real time PCR and Western Blot analysis, respectively, suggesting that PGF2[alpha] is having a direct negative effect on in vitro development of bovine embryos by activating its receptor. Discovery of FPr in bovine embryos allowed for development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving reproduction in bovines. Therefore, in a second experiment, the effects of a selective FPr antagonist, AL-8810, on in vitro development of bovine embryos was evaluated. The antagonist did not have toxic effects on development of embryos. Subsequently, efficacy of AL-8810 to prevent PGF2[alpha] effects on pre-compacted embryos was investigated. Results showed that addition of AL-8810 to the culture medium inhibited PGF2[alpha] effects on development to morula stage. In a third experiment, embryonic development and gene expression of Na+/K+ ATPase [alpha]1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), two important genes participating in blastocyst formation and hatching, was examined after culture of in vivo-derived frozen/thawed bovine embryos with AL-8810, PGF, AL-8810+PGF, or Control. Thereafter, pregnancy rates of embryos recovered with medium containing AL-8810 was evaluated. Results indicated that AL-8810 inhibited negative effects of PGF2[alpha] on development of embryos; however, no differences in gene expression were observed. Furthermore, recovery of embryos with medium containing AL-8810 improved pregnancy rates following transfer to recipient cows. In conclusion, inhibition of PGF2[alpha] binding to its receptors on in vitro- and in vivo-derived bovine embryos increases embryonic development and pregnancy rates after transfer to recipient animals; respectively. These findings will likely increase efficiency of in vitro production of embryos and embryo transfer programs in cattle.
Book Synopsis Synchronization and Ovarian Development in Dairy Cows and Heifers by : Rebecca L. J. Coral Escalante
Download or read book Synchronization and Ovarian Development in Dairy Cows and Heifers written by Rebecca L. J. Coral Escalante and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproductive management is an important factor for improving reproductive efficiency in the dairy industry. Reproductive efficiency affects the profitability of the dairy herd by decreasing days not pregnant and increasing milk produced in a cow's lifetime. There are many reproductive programs used to synchronize the estrous cycle. Prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF2[alpha])-based programs synchronize estrus before artificial insemination (AI) after observed estrus. Some disadvantages to PGF2[alpha]-based reproductive programs are time requirements necessary for estrus detection (2 to 3 times/d for about 30 min) and lack of estrus activity observed in dairy cows (only about 40% will show estrus). An advantage to PGF2[alpha]-based reproductive programs is acceptable conception rates (about 45 to 60%) that can surpass timed AI (TAI). Reproductive programs that employ TAI are achieved by synchronization of ovulation with a series of PGF2[alpha] and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) injections followed by insemination 16 h later. Some of the advantages to synchronization of ovulation followed by TAI are: no estrus detection and acceptable conception rates (40 to 50%). Many reproductive programs include a presynchronization step. The advantage to presynchronization is a tightened synchrony by getting more cows and heifers in the same stage of the estrous cycle before estrous synchronization and AI or TAI. There are a variety of presynchronization methods used in cattle. One of the most common programs is two injections of PGF2[alpha] 14 d apart 12 d before initiation of Ovsynch (d 0 GnRH, 7 d, PGF2[alpha], 56 h, GnRH, 16 h, TAI) (Moreira et al., 2001). Another is double Ovsynch where the Ovsynch program is administered 7 d before another Ovsynch program (Giordano et al., 2012). Long-term progestogens can also be used as a means to presynchronize the estrous cycle and has been successful in beef cows and heifers. Long term progestogens, such as a CIDR (controlled internal drug release) for 14 d, will suppress estrus, inhibit ovulation, and induce the development of a persistent dominant follicle that can ovulate after CIDR removal (Ahmad et al., 1995; Revah and Butler, 1996; Roche et al., 1999). Ovulation of the dominant follicle allows for cows and heifers to be late in the luteal stage of the estrous cycle before PGF2[alpha] and AI or PGF2[alpha], 56 h, GnRH, 16 h, TAI. Presynchronization has shown to decrease the days to pregnancy. This is an advantage because it will directly affect the number of days a cow is not pregnant and the amount of milk she will produce in her lifetime. The objective of this research was to evaluate pregnancies per AI, ovarian follicular and luteal development of postpartum dairy cows and dairy heifers in response to long term progestin-based programs (14dCIDR) compared with PGF2[alpha]-based programs. Experiment 1 (Chapter 2) evaluated the use of a 14dCIDR-PGF2[alpha] program to a PGF2[alpha]-alone program for synchronizing dairy heifers before AI. Heifers were examined by real-time ultrasonography during treatment to assess the ovarian response. Heifers were also monitored for estrus following presynchronization and treatment of PGF2[alpha] to assess ovulation response. The 14dCIDR-PGF2[alpha] system resulted in more heifers with a larger CL at the time of PGF2[alpha]. This is ideal because of the greater luteolytic effects of PGF2[alpha] has on a more mature CL. The 14dCIDR-PGF2[alpha] heifers were AI and became pregnant sooner compared with the PGF2[alpha]-alone heifers. Experiment 2 (Chapter 3) evaluated the use of a 14dCIDR_TAI program compared with a PGF2[alpha]-based program in grazing dairy cows. The 14dCIDR_TAI program employed synchronization of ovulation before TAI and the PGF2[alpha]-based program employed synchronization of estrus with AI after observed estrus. The evaluation of reproductive efficiency for each program was examined. Cows assigned to the 14dCIDR_TAI program were AI early in the breeding season and were all AI by the end the breeding season compared with the PGF2[alpha]-based program. The PGF2[alpha]-based program had a greater first service conception rate (FSCR) compared with the 14dCIDR_TAI program but did not achieve a greater number of pregnancies after two inseminations. Experiment 3 (Chapter 4) evaluated the use of a 14dCIDR_TAI program compared with another common TAI program (Presynch-Oysynch56) in postpartum lactating dairy cows. Follicular dynamics and luteal development were monitored in both programs. Each program was evaluated for effectiveness to presynchronize the estrous cycle and establish pregnancy. The 14dCIDR_TAI and the Presynch-Ovsynch56 programs were comparable in their effectiveness to presynchronize the estrous cycle and establish pregnancy in cows that were cycling. Non-cycling cows treated with the Presynch-Ovsynch56 program had lesser conception rate compared with those that were cycling. There was no difference in conception rate with non-cycling or cycling cows treated with the 14dCIDR_TAI. Experiment 4 (Chapter 5) evaluated the use of the 14dCIDR_TAI program with or without PGF2[alpha] at CIDR removal. It is possible for cows to still have a CL after the end of the 14dCIDR treatment either due to longer estrous cycles or the cow was early in her estrous cycle when the CIDR was inserted. The addition of PGF2[alpha] may help improve the synchrony and conception rates after presynchronization of the estrous cycle before TAI. The addition of the PGF2[alpha] at CIDR removal demonstrated an increase in the number of cows that showed estrus after presynchronization but conception rates were comparable. Overall, the use of the 14dCIDR as means to presynchronize the estrous cycle has been demonstrated as an effective way to enhance the synchrony and decrease the interval to pregnancy in dairy cows and heifers.
Book Synopsis Reproductive Efficiency Following Administration of an Inhibitor of Prostaglandin F2[alpha] During Early Embryonic Development in Dairy Cattle by :
Download or read book Reproductive Efficiency Following Administration of an Inhibitor of Prostaglandin F2[alpha] During Early Embryonic Development in Dairy Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was performed to examine the administration of flunixin meglumine (FM; an inhibitor of prostaglandin F2[alpha]) following artificial insemination on pregnancy rates of lactating dairy cattle. Jersey and Holstein cows (n=106) were randomly assigned to receive intravenously either FM (2.2 mg/kg BW) or saline (SAL; 1 mL/23 kg BW). Cows were randomly allotted to treatment by lactation number, bovine somatotropin administration, breed, BW, days in milk, milk production, and 305 ME milk production. Study was performed from September through April and all cows were milked twice daily. Following estrous synchronization (cloprostenol, 500 [mu]g im), cows were artificially inseminated 12 [plus or minus] 6 h after the onset of estrus was detected utilizing electronic monitoring. Administration of FM or SAL was administered 5 d [plus or minus] 12 h following artificial insemination. Animals underwent verification of pregnancy 28-35 d following artificial insemination using transrectal ultrasonography by an individual blinded to treatment. Pregnancy was determined by the presence or absence of an embryo with a heartbeat. Pregnancy data were analyzed using CRD Mixed ANOVA Analysis. Administration of FM following artificial insemination did not improve pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows (FM, 37 vs SAL, 31.4%; P> 0.10). In conclusion, treatment with flunixin meglumine did not improve pregnancy rates when administered following artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows.
Book Synopsis Synchronization of Estrus in Beef Heifers with Prostaglandin F2[alpha] and Estradiol-17[beta]. by : Benjamin John Darien
Download or read book Synchronization of Estrus in Beef Heifers with Prostaglandin F2[alpha] and Estradiol-17[beta]. written by Benjamin John Darien and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improvement of Reproductive Efficiency in the Early Postpartum Cow Using Embryo Transfer by : Clifford Glenn Dorn
Download or read book Improvement of Reproductive Efficiency in the Early Postpartum Cow Using Embryo Transfer written by Clifford Glenn Dorn and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Estradiol Benzoate Used with Prostaglandin F2Ü?on Estrus Synchronization in Angus Cattle by : Stephen Lindsey Boyles
Download or read book The Effects of Estradiol Benzoate Used with Prostaglandin F2Ü?on Estrus Synchronization in Angus Cattle written by Stephen Lindsey Boyles and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reproductive Response of Beef Cows to a Cidr-B Plus Prostaglandin F2 Alpha Estrus Synchronization System by : Jeffery David Arseneau
Download or read book Reproductive Response of Beef Cows to a Cidr-B Plus Prostaglandin F2 Alpha Estrus Synchronization System written by Jeffery David Arseneau and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Prostaglandin F2[alpha] on Reproductive Performance in the Postpartum Dairy Cow and the Mechanism Behind Its Benefits by : Kathryn Genevieve Younger
Download or read book The Effects of Prostaglandin F2[alpha] on Reproductive Performance in the Postpartum Dairy Cow and the Mechanism Behind Its Benefits written by Kathryn Genevieve Younger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the beginning of the postpartum period, 80 to 100% of lactating dairy cows have bacterial contamination within their uteri. Presence of uterine bacteria may contribute to increased number of days open and services per conception within these cows. Expulsion of uterine contamination is crucial for uterine involution and reproductive health. Susceptibility to bacterial infection within the uterus can be attributed to a decrease in neutrophil function during the first two weeks of the postpartum period. Prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF2[alpha]) has been found to induce uterine contractility, increase neutrophil propagation and affect the uterine environment. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a single injection of prostaglandin F2[alpha] (Lutalyse, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY) on uterine health and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Holstein cows from a commercial dairy were randomly assigned to receive an intramuscular injection of either Lutalyse or saline on Day 7 or 14 postpartum (Day 0= day of parturition). Services per conception and days open were evaluated to determine the effects on reproductive performance due to treatment. Cytobrush and uterine swabs were performed on a subset of Day 14 postpartum cows at 0 and 24 h after injection to evaluate changes in uterine neutrophil and bacterial populations. The pro-inflammatory cytokines known to induce mobilization of neutrophils, interleukin-1[beta], interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] were also measured at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after injection of Lutalyse or saline on Day 14 postpartum to determine if PGF2[alpha] induced an increase in cytokines similar to initial pathogen detection. No significant differences were seen in days open, services per conception, interleukin-1[beta] or tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] concentrations. Interleukin-6 concentration was greater in saline cows at 12 h compared to Lutalyse treated cows at 3, 6 and 12 h after injection. Additionally, an increase in uterine neutrophils (P=0.05) and a decrease in bacteria (P=0.05) in response to Lutalyse were observed. Although PGF2[alpha] has been shown to have beneficial effects on the postpartum uterus, a single injection protocol may simply not be adequate to induce significant improvement in reproductive performance.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Estrous Synchronization Management Systems Using Prostaglandin F2[alpha] by : Vickie Lee Adkins
Download or read book Evaluation of Estrous Synchronization Management Systems Using Prostaglandin F2[alpha] written by Vickie Lee Adkins and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Prostaglandin F2[alpha] Receptor Negative Regulator by : Lauren DeCastro
Download or read book The Prostaglandin F2[alpha] Receptor Negative Regulator written by Lauren DeCastro and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the dairy industry, production and profitability depend on the ability of a cow to reproduce. As the dairy industry has continued to grow, there has been a downward trend in reproductive efficiency as a dairy cow's ability to produce milk has gone up. This decrease in reproductive efficiency is due in part to the increasing rate of pregnancy loss among high-producing dairy cows. The reason for these losses is not fully understood as there are a variety of factors that could be contributing to pregnancy loss. One factor that has been attributed to this loss is the dysfunction of the corpus luteum (CL). The corpus luteum is a structure that forms on the surface of the ovary following ovulation. The follicular cells that are left behind following ovulation undergo a process called luteinization to form this structure. The cells of the CL produce progesterone, the steroid hormone that is responsible for maintaining pregnancy. If the CL cannot produce enough progesterone the pregnancy will be lost. If, following ovulation, the egg is not fertilized, the CL will regress under the influence of Prostaglandin F2[alpha] (PGF2[alpha]). Luteal regression starts around day 17 of the estrous cycle, but it can be induced in the cow as early as day 5 or 6. Before this benchmark, the CL is unresponsive to PGF2[alpha]. The CL also becomes desensitized to PGF2[alpha] once a pregnancy has been established. The reason for this desensitization has not been determined but it is thought that the prostaglandin receptors on the CL are altered in some way to reduce their sensitivity or reactivity. When examining the function and regulation of the prostaglandin receptors, the Prostaglandin Negative Receptor Regulator protein (PTGFRN) is one that is not greatly understood, but it is one that could play a role in the desensitization of the CL to prostaglandin. It has been determined through this project that the expression of PTGFRN does not change between days 4 and 6 in the estrous cycle. It also does not change between pregnancy and cyclicity at day 17. Further research must be conducted in order to fully understand the potential function of PTGFRN in the corpus luteum.
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