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The Effects Of Confinement And Temperature On The Shock Sensitivity Of Solid Explosives
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Confinement and Temperature on the Shock Sensitivity of Solid Explosives by :
Download or read book The Effects of Confinement and Temperature on the Shock Sensitivity of Solid Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of heavy steel confinement on the shock sensitivity of pressed solid high explosives heated to temperatures close to thermal explosion conditions were quantitatively measured. Cylindrical flyer plates accelerated by a 101 mm diameter gas gun impacted preheated explosive charges containing multiple embedded manganin pressure gauges. The high explosive compositions tested were LX-04-01 (85 wt.% HMX and 15 wt.% Viton A) heated to 170 ° C and LX-17 (92.5 wt.% TATB and 7.5 wt.% Kel-F) heated to 250 ° C. Ignition and Growth reactive flow models for heated, heavily confined LX-04-01 and LX-17 were formulated based on the measured pressure histories. LX-17 at 250 ° C is considerably less shock sensitive when confined by steel than when confined by aluminum or unconfined. LX-04-01 at 170 ° C is only slightly less shock sensitive when confined by steel than when it is unconfined. The confinement effect is smaller in LX-04-01, because HMX particle growth i s much less than that of TATB.
Book Synopsis The Sensitivity of Selected Conventional and Heat Resistant Explosives at Low Temperatures by : Calvin L. Scott
Download or read book The Sensitivity of Selected Conventional and Heat Resistant Explosives at Low Temperatures written by Calvin L. Scott and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of temperature, confinement, and column diameter on the shock sensitivity of some heat resistant and conventional booster-type explosives were studied in a gap test arrangement. As expected, sensitivity decreased with decreasing temperature. Also, as expected, the changes in sensitivity with temperature were small compared to the sensitivity effects of confinement and charge diameter.
Book Synopsis Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter by : Jerry W Forbes
Download or read book Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter written by Jerry W Forbes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the core concepts of the shock wave physics of condensed matter, taking a continuum mechanics approach to examine liquids and isotropic solids. The text primarily focuses on one-dimensional uniaxial compression in order to show the key features of condensed matter’s response to shock wave loading. The first four chapters are specifically designed to quickly familiarize physical scientists and engineers with how shock waves interact with other shock waves or material boundaries, as well as to allow readers to better understand shock wave literature, use basic data analysis techniques, and design simple 1-D shock wave experiments. This is achieved by first presenting the steady one-dimensional strain conservation laws using shock wave impedance matching, which insures conservation of mass, momentum and energy. Here, the initial emphasis is on the meaning of shock wave and mass velocities in a laboratory coordinate system. An overview of basic experimental techniques for measuring pressure, shock velocity, mass velocity, compression and internal energy of steady 1-D shock waves is then presented. In the second part of the book, more advanced topics are progressively introduced: thermodynamic surfaces are used to describe equilibrium flow behavior, first-order Maxwell solid models are used to describe time-dependent flow behavior, descriptions of detonation shock waves in ideal and non-ideal explosives are provided, and lastly, a select group of current issues in shock wave physics are discussed in the final chapter.
Book Synopsis Energetic Materials by : Ulrich Teipel
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by Ulrich Teipel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporation of particular components with specialized properties allows one to tailor the end product's properties. For instance, the sensitivity, burning behavior, thermal or mechanical properties or stability of energetic materials can be affected and even controllably varied through incorporation of such ingredients. This book examines particle technologies as applied to energetic materials such as propellants and explosives, thus filling a void in the literature on this subject. Following an introduction covering general features of energetic materials, the first section of this book describes methods of manufacturing particulate energetic materials, including size reduction, crystallization, atomization, particle formation using supercritical fluids and microencapsulation, agglomeration phenomena, special considerations in mixing explosive particles and the production of nanoparticles. The second section discusses the characterization of particulate materials. Techniques and methods such as particle size analysis, morphology elucidation and the determination of chemical and thermal properties are presented. The wettability of powders and rheological behavior of suspensions and solids are also considered. Furthermore, methods of determining the performance of particular energetic materials are described. Each chapter deals with fundamentals and application possibilities of the various methods presented, with particular emphasis on issues applicable to particulate energetic materials. The book is thus equally relevant for chemists, physicists, material scientists, chemical and mechanical engineers and anyone interested or engaged in particle processing and characterization technologies.
Book Synopsis Critical Parameters for Detonation Propagation and Initiation of Solid Explosives by :
Download or read book Critical Parameters for Detonation Propagation and Initiation of Solid Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complicated relations and interdependence of the various critical parameters are demonstrated. In particular, the critical diameter is determined by charge temperature, initial particle size, density, confinement, composition, and shock sensitivity. The critical initiating pressure is also a multivariant function and depends on the same set of variables. Relations between different gap (shock sensitivity) test results and between those of gap and wedge tests are also shown. (Author).
Book Synopsis Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 by : Blaine Asay
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2003 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2003 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two volumes contain 350 papers presented at the 13th Biennial International Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter (Portland, Oregon, July 2003). One of the three plenary lectures was given by James Asay (Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State U., Pullman, Washington) on wave structure studies in condensed matter physics. The papers in v.1 address nonenergetic materials; energetic materials; phase transitions; the modeling, simulation, theory, and molecular dynamics modeling of nonreactive and reactive materials; spall, fracture, and fragmentation; constitutive and microstructural properties of metals; mechanical properties of polymers and composites; and mechanical properties of ceramics, glasses, ionic solids, and liquids. The largest number of papers in v.2 are under the headings mechanical properties of reactive materials; detonation and burn phenomena; explosive and initiation studies; experimental techniques; and geophysics, structures, and medical applications. The contributors represent 14 countries, where they work in state and private industry and academic settings. Indexed by both author and subject. Annotation :2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Initial Temperature on the Shock Sensitivity of Granular Explosives. First Annual Report Covering the Period August 5, 1966 to August 5, 1967 by :
Download or read book The Effect of Initial Temperature on the Shock Sensitivity of Granular Explosives. First Annual Report Covering the Period August 5, 1966 to August 5, 1967 written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Explosions on Materials by : Stepan S. Batsanov
Download or read book Effects of Explosions on Materials written by Stepan S. Batsanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1950s explosives began to be used to generate ultrahigh pressures in condensed substances in order to modify their properties and structure. Notwithstanding the short duration of an explosion, its energy proved to be high enough to perform physical-chemical transformations of substances, and the new method gained wide industrial applications. It has both advan tages and drawbacks in comparison with the traditional method of static compression. The latter method, notorious for its cumbersome and expensive machin ery, allows one to maintain high pressure as long as one pleases and to regu late the temperature of the sample arbitrarily. But, the pressure available is rather limited and for any increase of this limit one has to pay by the progres sive shrinking of the working volume of a press. The dynamic method has the advantages of low cost and practically no restrictions of magnitude of pressure and the size of a processed sample, but the temperature in a compressed body is no longer controlled by an experi mentor. Rather, it is firmly dictated by the level of loading, according to the equation of state. Hence, it is difficult to recover metastable products and impossible to prepare solids with a low concentration of defects as the dura tion of explosion is too short for their elimination.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis Projectile Impact Initiation of Condensed Explosives by : Milton L. Weiss
Download or read book Projectile Impact Initiation of Condensed Explosives written by Milton L. Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Ignition Temperature of Solid Explosives Exposed to a Fire by :
Download or read book The Ignition Temperature of Solid Explosives Exposed to a Fire written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a system containing solid explosive is engulfed in a fire it receives a heat flux that causes the temperature of the system to rise monotonically. The temperature rise can often be approximated by a linear rise for extended periods of time. When some portion of the explosive, usually near the surface, reaches its ignition temperature it will begin to burn. If the explosive is unconfined, or can breach its confinement at low pressure, it will burn, not explode. Typically the burn front will propagate through a slab or shell at speeds on the order of a centimeter a minute. If the explosive is confined, the gas resulting from its burning will generate pressures high enough to rupture the confinement, but the peak pressure will generally be only a fraction of the pressure from a true detonation. When a system is not engulfed in the fire, but is close enough to be heated slowly by the fire, the behavior will be different. If the explosive is heated slowly it will have a nearly uniform temperature and ignition will occur inside the explosive. This almost always causes an explosion, even when the explosive as a whole is unconfined. The reason for this behavior is not well understood but slow heating of an explosive generally results in a more violent explosion than fast heating. These two situations are recognized by fast and slow cookoff tests used with munitions. Many munitions pass the fast cookoff test with heating rates around 2 K/min. Slow cookoff tests with heating rates around 4 K/hr generally result in an explosion. (The equations in this paper assume absolute temperatures in Kelvins, equal to Celsius + 273.16.) Mathematical models predicting the time to explosion are usually based on the assumption that the explosive has a uniform initial temperature and that the outer surface is suddenly raised to some temperature and held there. The earliest such models where those of Semenov and Frank-Kamenetskii.
Book Synopsis Fifth Symposium (international) on Detonation by :
Download or read book Fifth Symposium (international) on Detonation written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings, Seventh Symposium (International) on Detonation by :
Download or read book Proceedings, Seventh Symposium (International) on Detonation written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Temperature, Humidity, Sample Geometry, and Other Variables on Bruceton Type 12 Impact Initiation of HMX-based High Explosives by :
Download or read book Effects of Temperature, Humidity, Sample Geometry, and Other Variables on Bruceton Type 12 Impact Initiation of HMX-based High Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drop weight impact test, developed at Bruceton Naval Research Laboratory 60 years ago, is still the most commonly used configuration for evaluating sensitivity of explosives to non-shock ignition. The standard drop weight impact test is performed under ambient conditions for temperature and humidity - variations in which are known to significantly affect the probability of reaction. We have performed a series of impact tests in an attempt to characterize the effect of temperature, humidity, sample geometry (height, mass, L/d, and pressed density), sample confinement, and impact surface properties (strength and coefficient of friction) on the probability of reaction in a drop weight impact test. Differences in the probability of reaction have been determined across a range of drop heights for each configuration. The results clearly show significant shifts in the probability of reaction and in the slope of the reaction probability curve for several of the variables.
Author : Publisher :Delene Kvasnicka ISBN 13 : Total Pages :243 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Download or read book written by and published by Delene Kvasnicka. This book was released on with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
