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Author : Allan Dokhan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780493771861
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (718 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Aluminum Particle Size on Aluminized Propellant Combustion written by Allan Dokhan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. Burton Northam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Aluminum Size and Loading on the Burning Rate of Solid Propellants Under Acceleration written by G. Burton Northam and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gerald Morrell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Effect of Oxidizer Particle Size on Solid-propellant Combustion Stability written by Gerald Morrell and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexander Hillstrom
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book Study of Solid Propellant Combustion and Aluminum Particles at High Pressure written by Alexander Hillstrom and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ammonium perchlorate's burning rate as a function of pressure has an exponent break around 4000 psi where the pressure exponent becomes greater than 1. This causes AP to be highly sensitive to pressure fluctuations that can damage or destroy ammonium perchlorate composite propellant-based solid rocket motors. Studies conducted on AP at these high pressure are few and there is a lack of direct qualitative data due to the challenges posed by the high-pressure environment and optical window structural limitations. This has left the cause exponent break mechanism unknown and difficult to study. The High-Pressure Combustion Lab has built an Ultra-High Pressure Optical Chamber (UHPOC) that allows for optical measurements at these higher pressure regimes. Testing visual measurement techniques using the UHPOC and a telescope zoom lens to take detailed images of the propellant surface during the burn was conducted. Non-aluminized propellant and aluminized propellant samples were tested to observe the mechanisms of aluminum particle combustion in a propellant at high pressures and the behavior of the propellant past the exponent break region. \par At atmospheric, detailed high-speed images on the propellant surface were obtained using a high-powered lamp to light the surface brighter than the flame. At higher pressures, however, the luminosity of the flame was significantly greater than the lamp, creating shadow images of the propellant. Binder agglomerates were observed coming off the surface which increased in size and magnitude as the pressure increased. This is attributed to AP decomposition becoming the dominant burning rate mechanism which burned faster than the surrounding binder as has been observed from previous studies and numerical models. This leaves the binder only partially pyrolyzed, forming the agglomerates which detached from the surface. Aluminum particles were found to ignite at all pressures with the binder agglomerating the same amount in both aluminized and non-aluminized samples. Atmospheric tests show aluminum particles with detached flames and high-pressure tests show aluminum particles with surface flames.
Author : Carl C. Ciepluch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Effect of Composition on Combustion of Solid Propellants During a Rapid Pressure Decrease written by Carl C. Ciepluch and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Louis A. Povinelli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Effect of Oxidizer Particle Size on Additive Agglomeration written by Louis A. Povinelli and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eric C. Ruttenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Burning Characteristics of Individual Aluminum/aluminum Oxide Particles written by Eric C. Ruttenberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted in which the burning characteristics of individual aluminum/aluminum oxide particles were measured using a windowed combustion bomb at atmospheric pressure and under gravity-fall conditions. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure the size distribution of the initial aluminum particles and the aluminum oxide residue. Analysis of the residue indicated that the mass of aluminum oxide contained in particles larger than 12 microns was less than 25 percent, in good agreement with data reported from aluminized solid propellant. The measured particle size distributions and photomicrographs implied that the burning aluminum particles periodically expel aluminum oxide fragments with sizes between 14 and 36 microns.
Author : J. P. Renie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Determination of the Combustion Mechanisms of Aluminized Propellants written by J. P. Renie and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results are presented from research concerned with determining the mechanisms governing formation and subsequent combustion of metal/agglomerate particles throughout an aluminized solid rocket motor. Of primary concern is the influence these particles have on propellant combustion characteristics and overall motor performance. The approach taken involves making use of a laboratory scale, servo-controlled strand window bomb in conjunction with both an imaging-type, particle size analzyer and a pulse-lit photographic technique. In this paper, the servo-controlled strand window bomb is briefly described. The theory and operation of the imaging-type, particle size analyzer to be employed is detailed. Finally, the feasibility of using pulse-lit photography within a study of particle/agglomerate combustion is discussed along with the presentation of such photographs taken.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Acoustic Absorption Coefficients of the Combustion Products of Aluminized Propellants written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A resonance tube method has been used to measure the absorption of sound passed through a column of propellant gases and solid particles produced by the burning of small samples of aluminized propellant. Aluminum composition was varied to observe the effect of the increased quantity of alumina particles on sound absorption. The acoustical absorption coefficient increased with increasing aluminum concentration in the propellant. The absorption coefficient increased linearly with the frequency, consistent with the particulate damping theory of Epstein and Carhart. This theory was also used to estimate the sizes of alumina particles produced in the experiment. By a process of curve fitting, the inferred particle radii were either 0.80 or 3.5 microns, two solutions were possible. The initial average radius of the aluminum was 2.3 microns. Despite the fact that a statistical distribution of particle size was not considered in curve-fitting the data, the reasonableness of the calculated particle size lend further support to the Epstein and Carhart theory.
Author : J. P. Renie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Determination of the Combustion Mechanisms of Aluminized Propellants written by J. P. Renie and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results are presented from research concerned with determining the mechanisms governing formation and subsequent combustion of metal/agglomerate particles throughout an aluminized solid rocket motor. Of primary concern is the influence these particles have on propellant combustion characteristics and overall motor performance. The approach taken involves making use of a laboratory scale, servo-controlled strand window bomb in conjunction with both an imaging-type, particle size analzyer and a pulse-lit photographic technique. In this paper, the servo-controlled strand window bomb is briefly described. The theory and operation of the imaging-type, particle size analyzer to be employed is detailed. Finally, the feasibility of using pulse-lit photography within a study of particle/agglomerate combustion is discussed along with the presentation of such photographs taken.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book NASA Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Plastic Propellant: Aluminized Compositions written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The addition of aluminium to plastic propellants has resulted in a marked improvement in performance over the whole range of burning rates, 0.1 to 1.65 inch/sec. (at 1000 p.s.i.). In particular, high measured specific impulses (at least 245 lb.sec/lb) and high thrust efficiencies have been obtained with propellants burning at rates above 0.6 inch/sec. at 1000 p.s.i. and containing up to 18 per cent aluminium. Lower burning rates have been achieved by replacing oxidizer by ammonium picrate, but this was accompanied by a reduction in measured impulse and thrust efficiency. The thrust efficiency of aluminized propellants is influenced by the three parameters: matrix energy (the energy of the binder/oxidizer part of the propellant) the propellant burning rate and the rocket motor size. The thrust efficiency of the fast-burning, high-matrix-energy propellant, is probably unaffected by motor size until more than 20 per cent aluminium is present. The aluminium particle size has no effect on combustion efficiency although it affects burning rate, pressure dependence and temperature coefficient of burning rate. The addition of aluminium to plastic propellant has presented no additional hazard or new manufacturing problem, and the chemical stability has been unaffected.
Author : Rodger Orval Anderson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (193 download)
Download or read book Effects of Aluminum Composition and Particle Size on Burning Rates and Spontaneous Reignitions of Solid Propellants written by Rodger Orval Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Solid Propellant Binder on the Formation and Evolution of Aluminum Combustion Products written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel particle collection and high speed photography techniques have been used to study the combustion behavior of an inert binder (IB) propellant and an energetic binder (EB) propellant. Both contained 18% aluminum and 37% coarse AP in order to provide very similar geometrical structures, and both propellants had essentially common burning rates. The aluminum combustion efficiency is higher and the characteristic agglomerate size is significantly smaller for the EB propellant than for the IB propellant (at 43 atm the agglomerate size, D43, was 190 micrometers for the EB propellant and 670 micrometers for the IB propellant). At 7.5 atm the characteristic roughness of the burning surface is about 300 micrometers for the EB propellant and about 800 micrometers for the IB propellant. X-ray photography and visual observations of quenching particles show that similar sized agglomerates can differ significantly in structure and aluminum content, and there is some indication of internal voids (i.e. low density). This appears to be a result of the different initial conditions that the agglomerates are exposed to when they initially form at the surface. The size distribution of fine oxide particles was not dependent on either pressure or the propellant binder (or on the size of agglomerates). The fine particle mass size distribution (i.e. the smoke) was observed to have 3 modal sizes, approx. 1, 3.5, and 7 micrometers.
Author : Luigi T. De Luca
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319277480
Total Pages : 1069 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Chemical Rocket Propulsion written by Luigi T. De Luca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 1069 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed and expanded from the work presented at the New Energetic Materials and Propulsion Techniques for Space Exploration workshop in June 2014, this book contains new scientific results, up-to-date reviews, and inspiring perspectives in a number of areas related to the energetic aspects of chemical rocket propulsion. This collection covers the entire life of energetic materials from their conceptual formulation to practical manufacturing; it includes coverage of theoretical and experimental ballistics, performance properties, as well as laboratory-scale and full system-scale, handling, hazards, environment, ageing, and disposal. Chemical Rocket Propulsion is a unique work, where a selection of accomplished experts from the pioneering era of space propulsion and current technologists from the most advanced international laboratories discuss the future of chemical rocket propulsion for access to, and exploration of, space. It will be of interest to both postgraduate and final-year undergraduate students in aerospace engineering, and practicing aeronautical engineers and designers, especially those with an interest in propulsion, as well as researchers in energetic materials.
Author : David Eugene Cowles
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book An Investigation of the Effects of Acceleration and Strand Length on Post-Fire Residue of Aluminized Propellants written by David Eugene Cowles and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminized propellant strand lengths from one-quarter to two inches were burned at accelerations from zero to 1000g at a mean combustion pressure of 500 psia to study the effect of acceleration and strand length on burning rate augmentation. Propellant ammonium perchlorate oxidizer size and base burning rate were varied to investigate their effects. Each post-fire residue was photographically recorded and chemical analysis was performed by X-Ray powder diffraction. Burning rate augmentation decreased and residue weight increased when the strand length was increased. Aluminum and aluminum oxide were identified at low accelerations independent of strand length; aluminum oxide was not detectable at high accelerations. Ammonium perchlorate size and base burning rate had little effect on the functional dependence of residue weight on burn time. The Crowe, et al., model was found to indicate the correct augmentation trend as a function of burn time if the time-history of the metallic agglomerates is known. (Author).
Author : Ram P. Bajpai
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811017719
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Innovative Design and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering written by Ram P. Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-17 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the best articles presented by researchers, academicians and industrial experts in the International Conference on “Innovative Design and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering (I-DAD 2016)”. The book discusses new concept designs, analysis and manufacturing technologies, where more swing is for improved performance through specific and/or multifunctional linguistic design aspects to downsize the system, improve weight to strength ratio, fuel efficiency, better operational capability at room and elevated temperatures, reduced wear and tear, NVH aspects while balancing the challenges of beyond Euro IV/Barat Stage IV emission norms, Greenhouse effects and recyclable materials. The innovative methods discussed in the book will serve as a reference material for educational and research organizations, as well as industry, to take up challenging projects of mutual interest.
