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The Effect Of Type 2 Diabetes On The Transcription Of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Type 2 Diabetes on the Transcription of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 by :
Download or read book The Effect of Type 2 Diabetes on the Transcription of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. Type 2 diabetes can lead to many secondary complications including impairment in cognitive function and memory. Studies suggest that an increase of fat and fructose in American diets are contributing factors to the abundance of type 2 diabetes. High-fat diets lead to an excess formation of fatty tissue deposits, which cause a chronic release of free fatty acids in the blood stream, which diminishes insulin sensitivity. High-fructose diets lead to insulin resistance via impaired function in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. During type 2 diabetes the enzyme nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) is misregulated. Misregulation of NOS1 is linked to many of the secondary complications attributed to type 2 diabetes, such as deficits in cognition, learning, and memory formation. High-fructose diets cause more diabetes associated pathology as compared to a high-fat diet. Therefore, NOS1 expression is expected to change more in a rat that is fed a high-fructose diet compared with a rat fed a high-fat diet. This study examines changes in NOS1 expression in the cerebral cortex of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, fed either a high-fat or a high-fructose diet. SD rats model the early development of diabetes, called pre-diabetes. In rodents, NOS1 is regulated by at least five distinct promoters (1a-1c, 1h, 1k), which initiate transcription at a unique first exon, which is then spliced to common downstream exons 2-17. Real-time PCR analysis was used to quantify the relative gene expression of the overall NOS1 transcript and the first three individual promoters (1a-1c). The SD high-fat and high-fructose models showed overall downregulation in NOS1 transcription; however, neither downregulation was statically significant. Therefore, it is unclear if one diet has a greater role in the downregulation of NOS1 in the cerebral cortex of SD pre-diabetic rats.
Book Synopsis In Vivo Analysis of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Transcription and Translation During the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by :
Download or read book In Vivo Analysis of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Transcription and Translation During the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Nitric Oxide in Type 2 Diabetes by : Asghar Ghasemi
Download or read book The Role of Nitric Oxide in Type 2 Diabetes written by Asghar Ghasemi and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2022-12-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. No effective treatments are available for T2D, although there have been many developments in the therapeutic arena. Nitric oxide (NO) is an endocrine agent with multiple and important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. NO has emerged as a central regulator of energy metabolism and body composition. NO bioavailability is decreased in T2D. Several of the pharmaceuticals used in T2D affect the NO system and perhaps even more so by the drugs we use to treat diabetic cardiovascular complications. Experimental works in animal models of T2D show promising results with interventions aimed to increase NO signaling. However, translation into human studies has so far been less successful, but more large-scale prolonged studies are clearly needed to understand its role. This book is a collection of reviews that deal with the role of nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes, providing a unique overview of NO signaling, and pointing out key areas for more detailed research. The book includes contributions about the pathophysiology of T2D, a brief history of discovery and timeline of NO research, a comprehensive overview of impaired NO metabolism in T2D, precursors of NO (i.e., L-arginine, L-citrulline, nitrate, nitrites, and NO donors), NO and T2D from genetic points of view, NO and diabetic wound healing, NO and osteoporosis, NO and hyperuricemia, NO and Alzheimer’s Disease, therapeutic applications of NO and NO donors in T2D. The compilation is of great value to anyone interested in the biochemistry of NO and its relationship to diabetes.
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Download or read book Diabetes Mellitus written by Sabire Özcan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes mellitus is the collective name for a group of diseases associated with hyperglycemia (high levels of blood glucose) caused by defects in insulin p- duction, insulin action, or both. About 6. 2% of the US population (17 million people) have diabetes mellitus. It is the leading cause of kidney failure, bli- ness, and amputations. It is also a major risk factor for heart diseases, stroke, and birth defects. Diabetes Mellitus: Methods and Protocols provides a state-of-the-art account of the experimental methodology for studying the molecular defects leading to diabetes mellitus, both at the molecular and biochemical levels. The chapters cover a wide range of topics written by experts in their respective fields and are organized in two sections: Insulin Production and Insulin Action. The detailed experimental protocols presented, including the notes of interest, provide a very useful tool for basic researchers and clinicians for investigating and treating this disease. Each chapter starts with an introduction to a specific technique and explains its application in the field of diabetes research. Following the list of materials, a detailed description of the technique is presented in the methods section in a way that enables the successful execution of the protocol. The “Notes” section at the end discusses the pitfalls of the technique and alternative approaches. I am grateful to the numerous scientists who have contributed to this volume by writing both highly detailed and understandable chapters.
Book Synopsis Diabetes Mellitus by : Derek LeRoith
Download or read book Diabetes Mellitus written by Derek LeRoith and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and updated, this Third Edition encompasses the most recent advances in molecular and cellular research and describes the newest therapeutic modalities for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chapters by leading experts integrate the latest basic science and clinical research on diabetes mellitus and its complications. The text is divided into ten major sections, including extensive sections on therapeutics, diabetes during pregnancy, and complications. New chapters cover stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes; genetics and treatment of obesity; new therapies to promote insulin action; vasculopathy; islet cell protocols; triglycerides in muscle; hypoglycemia in the adult; and the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Book Synopsis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: by : Mark N. Feinglos
Download or read book Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: written by Mark N. Feinglos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this practical book, the authors of each chapter have synthesized the currently available evidence regarding specific issues in diabetes care. The chapters have been written by an interdisciplinary team of scientists and medical professionals. Such an approach emphasizes the need for collaboration in the care of any individual with diabetes and in the effort to find new therapies for the disease. This reference provides practical guidance in a single resource.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Nitric Oxide written by Louis J. Ignarro and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-09-13 with total page 1023 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that transmits signals in an organism. Signal transmission by a gas that is produced by one cell and which penetrates through membranes and regulates the function of another cell represents an entirely new principle for signaling in biological systems. NO is a signal molecule of key importance for the cardiovascular system acting as a regulator of blood pressure and as a gatekeeper of blood flow to different organs. NO also exerts a series of other functions, such as acting a signal molecule in the nervous system and as a weapon against infections. NO is present in most living creatures and made by many different types of cells. NO research has led to new treatments for treating heart as well as lung diseases, shock, and impotence. Scientists are currently testing whether NO can be used to stop the growth of cancerous tumors, since the gas can induce programmed cell death, apoptosis. This book is the first comprehensive text on nitric oxide to cover all aspects--basic biology, chemistry, pathobiology, effects on various disease states, and therapeutic implications. Edited by Nobel Laureate Louis J. Ignarro, editor of the Academic Press journal, Nitric Oxide Authored by world experts on nitric oxide Includes an overview of basic principles of biology and chemical biology Covers principles of pathobiology, including the nervous system, cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, and immune defense
Book Synopsis Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition by :
Download or read book Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Diagnosis and Screening. The editors have built Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Diagnosis and Screening in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Obesity and Lipotoxicity by : Ayse Basak Engin
Download or read book Obesity and Lipotoxicity written by Ayse Basak Engin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. “Obesity and Lipotoxicity” is a comprehensive review of the recent researches to provide a better understanding of the lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer, resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat feeding. “Lipotoxicity and Obesity” will be a useful resource for clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists, toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are thought in this field.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus by : R. A. De Fronzo
Download or read book International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus written by R. A. De Fronzo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-06-25 with total page 2073 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition is the most comprehensive reference on both the clinical and scientific aspects of diabetes, and is truly global in perspective with the inclusion of epidemiology and the nature and care of diabetes in different parts of the world. Following a similar format to the previous editions, the primary philosophy of the book is to comprehensively cover the basic science of metabolism, linking this closely to the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of the disease. A valuable resource for the whole diabetes community, the new edition offers: * Fully revised, updated and expanded chapters * Comprehensive coverage of all aspects of diabetes * 116 extensively referenced chapters * Full colour throughout * Available in print and online The International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus, Third Edition is also available online via Wiley InterScience. With the flexibility afforded by the powerful search and navigation capabilities of Wiley InterScience, you can search the Textbook by subject, article and keyword. New and revised articles added regularly ensure that both professionals and students working within diabetes are kept abreast of rapidly developing areas such as genetics, treatment and epidemiology. This excellent work is an essential reference tool for all members of diabetes and endocrine teams, medical students, medical schools and libraries, and provides a valuable resource for pharmaceutical companies and industries which have an interest in this important field. FROM REVIEWS OF THE SECOND EDITION: "The scope is extraordinarily wide and truly international...a must for all libraries and any individuals who are seriously interested in the diabetes epidemic..." (Diabetologia) "...a cornerstone in the field of diabetes..." (The European Journal of Medicine) "...This multi-authored textbook provides a wealth of information spanning virtually all aspects of diabetes..." (Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Book Synopsis Endothelial Dysfunction by : Helena Lenasi
Download or read book Endothelial Dysfunction written by Helena Lenasi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium enables communication between blood and tissues and is actively involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as an early step in the development of cardiovascular diseases: respectively, endothelium represents a potential therapeutic niche with multiple targets. The purpose of the book is to point out some recent findings of endothelial physiology and pathophysiology emphasizing various aspects of endothelial dysfunction connected to the body's internal and external environment. While basic features of the endothelium are presented in an introductory chapter, the authors of the following 17 chapters have provided extensive insight into some selected topics of endothelial (dys)function. The book would hopefully be useful for anyone interested in recapitulating endothelial (patho)physiology and expanding knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction, relevant also for further clinical investigations.
Book Synopsis Diabetes Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment by : Enzo Bonora
Download or read book Diabetes Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment written by Enzo Bonora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with comprehensive information on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical features, prevention, and treatment of diabetes with the aim of empowering health care providers in their daily battle against the disease. Diabetes has been identified by WHO and the United Nations as a medical emergency because of the increase in its global prevalence, which may reach one billion in three to four decades if the trend remains unchanged. Despite improved care that is helping to prolong life, diabetes impacts substantially on the quality of life of those affected and kills or disables several million people each year. The disease is systemic because all organs, tissues, and cells suffer in the presence of hyperglycemia and are damaged by the diabetic milieu. Unfortunately, most patients with diabetes will consequently experience chronic diabetic complications. This book, combining basic science with a practical clinical orientation, will be of value for all physicians and nurses who care for patients with diabetes.
Book Synopsis Antioxidant-Antidiabetic Agents and Human Health by : Oluwafemi Oguntibeju
Download or read book Antioxidant-Antidiabetic Agents and Human Health written by Oluwafemi Oguntibeju and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human system employs the use of endogenous enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant defence systems against the onslaught of free radicals and oxidative stress. Enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants work synergistically with each other, using different mechanisms against different free radicals and stages of oxidative stress. Dietary and lifestyle modifications are seen as the mainstay of treatment and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The major aims of dietary and lifestyle changes are to reduce weight, improve glycaemic control and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, which accounts for 70- 80% of deaths among those with diabetes. It is also important to note that medicinal plants have been used as medicines since ancient time, and continue to play significant role even in modern medicine in management and treatment of chronic diseases. Impressive numbers of modern therapeutic agents have been developed from plants. Phytochemicals have been isolated and characterised from fruits such as grapes and apples, vegetables such as broccoli and onion, spices such as turmeric, beverages such as green tea and red wine, as well as many other sources. The WHO estimates that approximately 80% of the worlds inhabitants rely on traditional medicine for their primary health care and many medicinal plants have ethno-medical claims of usefulness in the treatment of diabetes and other chronic diseases globally, and have been employed empirically in antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antinflammatory and antiparasitic remedies. This book examines the role of antioxidant-rich natural products in management and treatment of diabetes and other chronic diseases.
Author :Mennatallah Ali Publisher :Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag) ISBN 13 :3954893533 Total Pages :249 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (548 download)
Book Synopsis A New Approach in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment: Evaluation of the Beneficial Effect of L-cysteine in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by : Mennatallah Ali
Download or read book A New Approach in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment: Evaluation of the Beneficial Effect of L-cysteine in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus written by Mennatallah Ali and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2015 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, progressive metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Although its main physiological abnormalities are insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, the specific underlying determinants of these metabolic defects remain uncertain. There are complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic, environmental and behavioral factors that contribute to the development of diabetes. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions have been used for diabetic management. Over the past few years, research has started to focus on the use of novel adjuvant drugs as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs for better management, as it was revealed that both oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in the disease pathogenesis. Thus, the development of antidiabetic drugs that can reverse insulin resistance is a potential therapeutic target. Although antidiabetic drugs may be effective in improving glycemic control, they do not appear to be effective in entirely preventing the progression of pancreatic ß-cells damage mediated by chronic hyperglycemia-induced decline in intracellular antioxidants. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy should be considered as an adjunct to the commonly used oral antidiabetics
