The Effect Of The Size And Orientation Of Large Wood On Pool Volume In Two Oregon Coast Range Streams

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The Effect of the Size and Orientation of Large Wood on Pool Volume in Two Oregon Coast Range Streams

Author : Pamela Lombard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of the Size and Orientation of Large Wood on Pool Volume in Two Oregon Coast Range Streams by : Pamela Lombard

Download or read book The Effect of the Size and Orientation of Large Wood on Pool Volume in Two Oregon Coast Range Streams written by Pamela Lombard and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to determine how the size and orientation of large wood placed in streams in combination with peak flows, substrate and channel gradient affect pool volume, surface area and maximum depth in two coastal Oregon streams. Eighteen Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) logs were placed in each of two streams, J-Line Creek and Preacher Creek, in the summer of 1989. Surveys were conducted annually from 1989-1996 at summer low flow using a total station electronic theodolite. The orientation of the introduced wood and the parameters of residual pools associated with the wood were determined from high resolution topographic maps made from the surveys. Residual pool volume associated with the introduced wood increased 2,500 percent over the seven years for J-Line Creek and 30 percent for Preacher Creek. Large spanners, logs placed perpendicular to the stream flow and flush with the stream bottom, had the greatest pool volume associated with them, however horizontal orientations shifted downstream over time. Large ramps, logs placed at a downstream orientation and angled up onto the bank, were the most stable treatment. Differences between the two watersheds and an interaction variable between the diameter of the introduced wood and the horizontal orientation of the introduced wood were the significant variables which entered the multiple linear regression model for residual pool volume. These variables, as well as the vertical orientation of the introduced wood, were significantly correlated to both residual pool surface area and maximum depth. The recurrence interval of the annual maximum instantaneous peak flow was not significantly associated with residual pool volume, surface area nor maximum depth. Multiple regression models explained, at most, twenty-eight percent of the variability in residual pool volume, maximum depth and surface area. Estimates of pool volume obtained with aquatic habitat inventories (Bisson et al., 1982) were compared with residual pool calculations determined from the topographic maps. Pool volume in a reach determined by aquatic habitat inventories explained 96 percent of the variability of residual pool volume in a reach, however estimates of individual pool volume explained only 40 percent of the variability in residual pool volume.

Factors Influencing Pool Morphology in Oregon Coastal Streams

Author : William Robert Stack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (222 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Influencing Pool Morphology in Oregon Coastal Streams by : William Robert Stack

Download or read book Factors Influencing Pool Morphology in Oregon Coastal Streams written by William Robert Stack and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pool morphology was surveyed in 19 stream sections within the central Oregon Coast Range. Pool locations, sizes, spacings, numbers, and factors affecting pool formation were determined for each stream section. All sections were underlain by sedimentary rocks, had drainage areas ranging from 1.3 to 17.3 km2, and had average water surface slopes from 0.5 to 5.6%. Stream sections were divided into two categories: (1) low timber harvest (20% of watershed area harvested) and (2) high timber harvest (45% of watershed area harvested). A "Rapid Bed Profile" (REP) technique was developed to measure residual pool characteristics in each stream section. The REP technique is a survey method that requires only thalweg depths and the average reach gradient. The technique was effective for classifying pools since it is objective, independent of flow, accurate, and time-efficient. Residual pool size characteristics (e.g., volume) for the low timber harvest stream sections were positively correlated to a power function of drainage area. Stream sections with beaver dams, especially those with at least 10% of their reach length in beaver-caused pools, typically had larger residual pools. Pool size characteristics for high timber harvest stream sections were not different from low timber harvest stream sections. The average spacing between residual pools was positively correlated to a power function of drainage area for the low timber harvest stream sections (a negative correlation was found between the number of pools and drainage area). High timber harvest stream sections may be associated with an increased spacing and a decreased number of pools for larger watersheds (i.e., greater than 8 km2). However, the potential effects of previous large storms, changes in timber management practices, and/or the small number of streams surveyed precluded a definitive conclusion. The frequency of occurrence of pool forming processes (e.g., plunge, deflection) was correlated with average water surface slope for the low timber harvest stream sections. The percentage of plunge and impoundment processes increased as water surface slope increased while the percentage of deflection and underflow processes decreased. Two high timber harvest streams had a higher percentage of plunge pools than expected based on the relationships established for the low timber harvest streams. The frequency of occurrence of wood and boulder pool forming elements was correlated with an index of stream power (drainage area times average water slope) for the low timber harvest stream sections. As the stream power index increased, the relative frequency of wood-formed pools decreased while boulder-formed pools increased. Wood and boulder combined, generally, made up 80% of the pool forming elements. The frequency of occurrence of pool forming elements was not different between low and high timber harvest stream sections.

The Importance of Wood in Headwater Streams of the Oregon Coast Range

Author : Christine May
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The Importance of Wood in Headwater Streams of the Oregon Coast Range by : Christine May

Download or read book The Importance of Wood in Headwater Streams of the Oregon Coast Range written by Christine May and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Guide to Placing Large Wood in Streams

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide to Placing Large Wood in Streams by :

Download or read book A Guide to Placing Large Wood in Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Importance of Wood in Headwater Streams of the Oregon Coast Range

Author : Christine May
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis The Importance of Wood in Headwater Streams of the Oregon Coast Range by : Christine May

The Geomorphic Significance of Log Steps in Forest Streams of the Oregon Coast Range

Author : Richard Alan Marston
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis The Geomorphic Significance of Log Steps in Forest Streams of the Oregon Coast Range by : Richard Alan Marston

Download or read book The Geomorphic Significance of Log Steps in Forest Streams of the Oregon Coast Range written by Richard Alan Marston and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of Harvest and Roads on In-stream Wood Abundance in the Blue River Basin, Western Cascades, Oregon

Author : Nicole M. Czarnomski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (564 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Harvest and Roads on In-stream Wood Abundance in the Blue River Basin, Western Cascades, Oregon by : Nicole M. Czarnomski

Download or read book Effects of Harvest and Roads on In-stream Wood Abundance in the Blue River Basin, Western Cascades, Oregon written by Nicole M. Czarnomski and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite many studies of large wood in streams, few landscape scale studies have been conducted. Large-scale studies can reveal how the history of forest harvest and road building has influenced wood patterns in streams of the Pacific Northwest. This study examined the relationships between wood in streams, timber harvest, and road building at large (>50 km2) spatial and long (>25 year) temporal scales, based on longitudinal surveys of 25.2 km of stream length in five sub-basins of the Blue River Basin, Cascade Range, Oregon. In-stream wood was surveyed in six sampling sites, ranging from 1.6 km to 14.1 km in length along 2nd to 5th -order channels in public forests. Wood volumes, numbers of pieces of large wood, numbers of accumulations and timing of emplacement were determined at 50-m intervals. Wood volumes and numbers of pieces were expressed per unit of channel area in order to account for variations in channel width. Wood volumes and piece numbers were related to spatial data on harvest and road building using GIS. Analysis of variance (using SAS) tested how wood volumes and piece numbers were related to the presence of a harvest or road unit within 40 m of the stream, sampling site, timing of harvest, distance harvest was from the channel, and effects of natural processes. P-values for pairwise comparisons were adjusted using a Bonfenoni procedure. Distributed patch clearcutting and road construction were concentrated in the 1950's and 1960's in the Lookout Creek basin and 1960's to the 1980's in the Upper Blue River basin. A total of 66% (Cook Creek), 55% (Mack Creek), 53% (Lower Lookout), 37% (McRae Creek and Upper Lookout), and 7% (Quentin Creek) of stream length had harvests and/or roads within 40 m of the stream. Approximately 80% of the wood volume and 85% of the number of large pieces occurred in accumulations. Wood volumes were lower in 5th-order compared to 3rd -order streams. Lower Lookout (the only 5th-order channel) had significantly lower wood volumes (109 m3/ha) than all other locations (200-378 m3/ha, p

Abundance, Mobility, and Geomorphic Effects of Large Wood in Urban Streams

Author : Garrett Blauch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Abundance, Mobility, and Geomorphic Effects of Large Wood in Urban Streams by : Garrett Blauch

Download or read book Abundance, Mobility, and Geomorphic Effects of Large Wood in Urban Streams written by Garrett Blauch and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large wood plays important roles in the geomorphology and ecology of streams, with benefits for pool spacing, streambed sediment, bank erosion, habitat creation, and nutrient retention. Urbanization, and the impervious surface cover associated with it, generates stormwater runoff that is routed quickly into streams, which is often detrimental to the physical and biological health of the streams. Stormwater runoff causes higher peak flow magnitudes, flashier hydrographs, and can lead to elevated rates of incision, channel widening, and loss of channel complexity. A lack of large wood in urban streams could be a result of either loss of recruitment potential as riparian forests are replaced by other land covers or increased mobility from flashy streams flushing out large wood. Controlling for the effects of wood recruitment potential by working in reaches with forested riparian zones allows for the effects of the urban hydrograph on wood abundance to be tested. For this study, I selected 11 stream reaches flowing through protected forested riparian zones in northeast Ohio with a range of impervious surface covers. Large wood (1.0 m length, 0.1 m diameter) was catalogued with respect to size and orientation within bankfull channels. Reaches were surveyed for geomorphic features including bankfull dimensions, streambed topography, sediment size, and bank erosion to determine associations between wood abundance and geomorphology. Wood abundances decreased with increasing watershed impervious cover, with a majority of wood stored in jams. Most large wood was less than 5 m in length and had a diameter less than 20 cm. The portion of mobile pieces (gained or lost from the reach) increased with impervious surface cover, suggesting higher mobility of wood in flashier urban systems. Reach-scale trends between large wood abundance and geomorphology were not evident. Pool spacing increased linearly with jam spacing in the six reaches that had jams. Wood-associated fine sediment trapping was also documented in some reaches. While the opportunity for wood recruitment was maintained in each reach, wood abundance was still decreased at higher impervious covers. In the reaches with moderate to high impervious cover, decreased wood abundance, high wood mobility, and the relatively small size of wood pieces may indicate that large wood is not remaining in the reaches long enough to make a substantial impact on channel geomorphology. If large wood is considered in urban stream restoration, the stability of pieces, dictated by a large wood size relative to bankfull channel dimensions and anchoring in the channel, is crucial for providing the best chance for the physical and ecological benefits of wood to be realized. Efforts to protect forested riparian zones throughout the urban watersheds and decrease peak flows and stormwater runoff may also be necessary to further increase wood abundance and reduce the potential for wood mobilization.

Effects of Input and Redistribution Processes on Instream Wood Abundance and Arrangement in Lookout Creek, Western Cascades Range, Oregon

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Author : David Marshall Dreher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (574 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Input and Redistribution Processes on Instream Wood Abundance and Arrangement in Lookout Creek, Western Cascades Range, Oregon by : David Marshall Dreher

Download or read book Effects of Input and Redistribution Processes on Instream Wood Abundance and Arrangement in Lookout Creek, Western Cascades Range, Oregon written by David Marshall Dreher and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explored how selected input and redistribution processes affect the amount and arrangement of in-stream wood within the 64 km2 Lookout Creek watershed in the Andrews Forest, western Cascade Range, Oregon. A longitudinal inventory of in-stream wood was conducted over approximately 20 km of stream length in 2nd to 5th-order channels along with reconnaissance activities in stream sections that had originally been mapped in 1970's. The study had two major parts. The first focused on patterns of in-stream wood amount and arrangement within the study watershed. Flood transport capability of inventoried stream segments was assigned based on channel width. Historical observations of debris flows and earthflow activity over the 50-year period prior to our study were used to delineate influence of those processes on inventoried channel segments. Wood amounts decreased with increases in channel transport capability. As channel transport capability increased the number of wood accumulations also decreased and there was a higher proportion of accumulations created by floods. These observations signal an increase in influence of fluvial transport of wood in the downstream direction. There were lower than expected amounts of wood at locations where debris flows entered mainstem channels and where earthflows were in contact with mainstem channels. This is attributed to the relatively high mobilization capability of channels in these locations. Congested wood break flood pulses is thought to be responsible for observed differences in wood conditions among segments affected by these processes and segments affected by floods only during the last fifty years. Some evidence exists to support the idea that debris flow entry to mainstem channels and dam-break flood pulses may promote a several decade period of increased wood input as a result of damage and disruption to trees in and adjacent to the channel in disturbed area. However, analysis of the effects of debris flows and earthflow activity on wood amount and arrangement was limited by small sample sizes. The second part of the study examined relative changes in wood amount and arrangement as well as changes to individual wood accumulations over a 25-year period within 5 stream reaches that had been mapped in detail in the early 1 970s. The effect of channel size, input and redistribution processes, piece size, as well as arrangement and location of pieces with respect to the active channel on changes in wood conditions were analyzed. Overall, changes in in-stream wood amount and arrangement were greater in larger channels than in smaller channels. In-stream wood changes resulting from fluvial redistribution also increased with channel size while decomposition and toppling were the processes responsible for most changes in smaller basins. In-stream wood changes were greater among small pieces than large pieces, although substantial changes in large pieces did occur in larger channels as a result of fluvial transport and in smaller channels as a result of toppling. In-stream wood changes were greater among single pieces than pieces in accumulations. Flood transport probably reduced the number of single pieces by collecting them in accumulations. Significant changes in in-stream wood occurred among pieces located both in and out of the channel suggesting that recent flooding, particularly in larger basins, was able to affect wood located along the margins of the channel. Changes in accumulations were generally minor in all sites except the 5th-order channel site.

Examining Effectiveness of Oregon's Forest Practice Rules for Maintaining Warm-season Maximum Stream Temperature Patterns in the Oregon Coast Range

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Author : Jennifer Marie Fleuret
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Examining Effectiveness of Oregon's Forest Practice Rules for Maintaining Warm-season Maximum Stream Temperature Patterns in the Oregon Coast Range by : Jennifer Marie Fleuret

Download or read book Examining Effectiveness of Oregon's Forest Practice Rules for Maintaining Warm-season Maximum Stream Temperature Patterns in the Oregon Coast Range written by Jennifer Marie Fleuret and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream temperature, as an important component of stream ecosystems, can be affected by forest harvesting through removal of riparian shade and changes in hydrology. Riparian Management Areas (RMAs), as implemented through the current Oregon Forest Practice Rules, are designed, in part, to maintain stream temperature following forest harvesting. However, effectiveness of RMAs in achieving this outcome is uncertain. The objective of this research was to examine effectiveness of RMAs, as outlined by the current Oregon Forest Practices Act and the Northwest State Forests Management Plan, in maintaining warm-season temperature patterns of streamwater. Twenty-two headwater streams, on either private- or state-owned forestlands in the Oregon Coast Range that encompassed a range of RMA widths and harvest prescriptions, were evaluated for effectiveness of RMAs on stream temperature. A Before-After-Control-Impact/Intervention design was used, and each stream had an upstream control and a downstream treatment reach. Temperature probes were placed 1) at the top of the control reach, 2) at the boundary between the control and treatment reaches, and 3) at the bottom of the treatment reach from June to September for four years starting in 2002. All but one stream have at least two years of pre2 harvest temperature data, and one year of post-harvest temperature data. Selected stream and riparian characteristics were collected every 60 m within the control and treatment reaches once prior to and once following harvest. I hypothesized that RMAs would be effective if pre-harvest warmseason maximum temperature patterns were maintained following harvest treatments. Comparisons of temperature patterns between control and treatment reaches both pre- and post-harvest indicate that my hypothesis should be rejected because warm-season maximum temperature patterns were not maintained when mean values in treatment reaches across all study streams were considered. Difference in temperature gradients between control and treatment reaches averaged 0.6°C, based on two years of pre-harvest and one year of post-harvest data. This indicates that more warming or less cooling occurred in treatment reaches than occurred in control reaches when pre-harvest and post-harvest periods were compared, suggesting that current RMAs for small- and medium fishbearing streams of the Oregon Coast Range are not effective for maintenance of warm-season maximum temperature patterns.

Undercut Streambanks in Forested Headwater Streams of the Oregon Coast Range

Author : Edward M. Salminen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (283 download)

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Book Synopsis Undercut Streambanks in Forested Headwater Streams of the Oregon Coast Range by : Edward M. Salminen

Download or read book Undercut Streambanks in Forested Headwater Streams of the Oregon Coast Range written by Edward M. Salminen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence and characteristics of undercut streambanks in forested headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range. Undercut streambanks and associated reach characteristics were surveyed along 46 sample reaches (each 152 m in length) in 8 streams; all sample reaches occurred in unmanaged forested riparian areas. Drainage areas ranged from 0.3 to 16.6 km^2. At each undercut location length, surface area, volume, low-flow (summertime) volume, and maximum horizontal depth were measured. Individual undercuts had surface areas ranging from 0.3 to 27.7 m^2 with a mean value of 2.6 m^2, and lengths ranging from 1.2 to 15.2 m with a mean value of 5.0 m. The area undercut streambanks ranged from 0.0 to 27.4 m^2 / 100 m of stream, with an average value of 6.5 m^2 / 100 m. The proportion of bankfull channel area undercut ranged from 0.0 to 4.5%, with an average value of 1.1%. Reach length undercut ranged from 0.0 to 23.6%, with an average value of 6.2%. The values reported in this study are approximately mid-range in comparison to characteristics of undercut banks reported in studies from Alaska, Montana, and Wisconsin. The % of reach area covered by undercut streambanks in this study is approximately half of that provided by large woody debris. Outside channel bends had approximately 6 times more undercut streambanks than inside bends or straight sections. Streams having a sinuosity index greater than 1.15 averaged approximately twice as much % surface area undercut than streams having a sinuosity index less than 1.15. Number of undercuts and undercut characteristics were inversely correlated with channel gradient; significant differences occurring among 1%, 2-4%, and 5+% channel gradient classes. Streambanks ranging in height from 1-2 m had a higher occurrence of undercut streambanks than either lower or higher streambanks. Undercut streambanks were 4 times more common in "composite" than "non-composite" streambanks. Undercut characteristics appear to be correlated with valley segment type. Channel widths were, on average, significantly narrower at undercut sites when compared to reach average channel widths. However, it does not appear than width characteristics are a cause of undercutting. Based on field observations it appears that flow obstructions (gravel bars, boulders, large woody debris) have little impact on undercut characteristics. Both at-a-site and reach-level comparisons of undercut bank characteristics showed relatively strong correlations with streamside tree densities. Red alder (Alnus rubra) is the most prevalent species found in Coast Range riparian areas, and the most significant species in explaining reach-level differences in undercut characteristics. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is less common in riparian zones, but appears to be positively correlated with the proportion of reach area undercut.

Influence of Large Wood on Channel Morphology and Sediment Storage in Two Headwater Mountain Streams, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado

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Author : Erica Lyn Bishop
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267104069
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Influence of Large Wood on Channel Morphology and Sediment Storage in Two Headwater Mountain Streams, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado by : Erica Lyn Bishop

Download or read book Influence of Large Wood on Channel Morphology and Sediment Storage in Two Headwater Mountain Streams, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado written by Erica Lyn Bishop and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite ongoing research on many aspects of stream morphology and large wood effects on mountain stream channels, there have been no studies that quantify these variables in non-fish-bearing, extreme headwater streams. A recent outbreak of Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) has led to increased Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) mortality in the Western North America This outbreak is expected to increase input of large wood to streams in the next decade. Increased understanding of large wood and sediment interactions in small mountain streams could have broad implications in river restoration and habitat research. This study explores an area of less intensive mountain stream research by quantifying hydrologic and morphologic characteristics and large wood channel interactions in two low-order streams (Deadhorse and Lexen creeks) on the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. The influence that large wood has on the study streams was observed during field investigations of hundreds of log steps, and large wood pieces forming bed, banks, and also acting as an erosional agent in the streams. In contrast to studies of larger systems, the lack of patterns and expected relationships between large wood, channel morphology and sediment storage and transport among the study streams illustrate the extent to which they may be highly influenced by local conditions, including widely variable large wood volumes and channel and valley characteristics, such as slope and valley width, between the reaches. The findings of this research show that results of prior studies in mountain streams and their subsequent generalizations regarding expected channel dynamics, large wood, and sediment characteristics may not be applicable to streams of this size and flow regime.

Effects of Stream Restoration on Macroinvertebrate Communities in an Oregon Coast Range System

Author : M. Jo Christensen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (372 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Stream Restoration on Macroinvertebrate Communities in an Oregon Coast Range System by : M. Jo Christensen

Download or read book Effects of Stream Restoration on Macroinvertebrate Communities in an Oregon Coast Range System written by M. Jo Christensen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream-restoration projects are usually designed to improve habitat quality for fishes. These projects manipulate flow patterns, substrate distribution, and amount and placement of large woody debris. Consequently, they also affect the size and composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community. This research evaluates two types of fish habitat restoration: off-channel structures (alcoves) and in-channel structures (log weirs). I compared macroinvertebrate habitats and communities in natural and artificial alcoves in Upper and South Fork Lobster Creeks, Lane Co., and examined the effects of log weirs on in-channel habitat diversity, community composition, drift patterns, and fish consumption of macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected from artificial and natural alcoves using hand pumps and D-nets. Within the channel, macroinvertebrates were collected from restored and unrestored reaches with a Hess sampler and using a stratified random sampling scheme. Forty-eight hour invertebrate drift samples were obtained at outlets of log-weir pools. Stomach contents were obtained from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and cutthroat trout (O. clarki) in restored reaches. Although natural alcoves differed from artificial in location within the floodplain, morphology, permanence, and degree of interaction with the stream channel, both alcovetypes provided similar habitats and contained similar macroinvertebrate communities. Average densities and diversity within the alcoves depended on habitat and time of year. Average densities were higher in artificial than in natural. Alcoves contained 29% of species richness within Upper Lobster Creek. Within the stream channel, the diversity of macroinvertebrate habitat was lower in restored than in unrestored sections. Log weirs were associated with reduced taxonomic and functional feeding-group diversity. Composition of drift was not significantly different in restored and unrestored areas; however, drift densities were significantly lower in restored reaches. Diets of fishes in restored areas were composed primarily of organisms produced from outside restored areas. Although in-channel structures may enhance physical habitat for fishes, they may alter or reduce the availability of food for fishes feeding on drifting invertebrates. Recommendations are given for improving the design of stream restoration projects with respect to macroinvertebrates; however stream restoration should focus on restoring whole-system integrity and function, instead of targeting just one or two types of organisms.

Debris Flow Characteristics Associated with Forest Practices in the Central Oregon Coast Range

Author : Christine L. May
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (412 download)

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Book Synopsis Debris Flow Characteristics Associated with Forest Practices in the Central Oregon Coast Range by : Christine L. May

Download or read book Debris Flow Characteristics Associated with Forest Practices in the Central Oregon Coast Range written by Christine L. May and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debris flows in the Pacific Northwest play a major role in routing wood and sediment stored on hillslopes and in first- through third-order channels to higher order channels and valley floors. Forest practices on steep, unstable slopes and removal of riparian trees along low-order streams can affect the frequency, magnitude, and composition of debris flows. The quantity and quality of debris flow deposits provides sediment and wood fundamental to the development of the receiving channel. Field surveys document characteristics of the initiation site, runout zone, and deposit of 53 debris flows in the Siuslaw Basin of the central Oregon Coast Range, during the winter of 1996. Landslides that initiated debris flows in clearcuts had a higher frequency, larger average volume, and runout zones that affected a greater length of stream channel than landslides from forested slopes. This difference resulted in an increase in the total volume of sediment mobilized by the debris flow, and a greater proportion of this sediment came from hillslope sources. Debris flows initiated at roads had an order of magnitude greater volume of sediment compared to non-road-related failures. Debris flows of equivalent size that traveled through a forested channel delivered only a slightly greater volume of large wood, than those through clearcuts. Size-class distributions of wood in the deposit and trees on the hillslope were not well correlated. The average diameter of wood in the deposit was greater than the diameter of trees currently present on the surrounding hillslopes. This difference reflects the legacy of large woody debris stored in low-order channels and valley floors. Large trees along the edge of the runout zone is also an important component in the recovery of these low-order channels, which were transformed into a bedrock state. Large trees along the edges of forested slopes are already supplying wood to these channels, and were the only mechanism observed for trapping large volumes of sediment. This mechanism for retaining sediment in high gradient, low-roughness channels is not available in clearcuts, which now contain the greatest proportion of bedrock channels. Forest practices, by altering the frequency, magnitude, and composition of the debris flow, may alter the long-term potential for developing complex channel morphology and high-quality aquatic habitat.

The Influence of Geology and Timber Harvest on Channel Morphology and Salmonid Populations in Oregon Coast Range Streams

Author : Brendan J. Hicks
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Geology and Timber Harvest on Channel Morphology and Salmonid Populations in Oregon Coast Range Streams by : Brendan J. Hicks

Download or read book The Influence of Geology and Timber Harvest on Channel Morphology and Salmonid Populations in Oregon Coast Range Streams written by Brendan J. Hicks and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Influence of Geology on the Response of Channel Morphology and Juvenile Salmonid Populations to Logging in Streams of the Oregon Coast Range

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Geology on the Response of Channel Morphology and Juvenile Salmonid Populations to Logging in Streams of the Oregon Coast Range by :

Download or read book The Influence of Geology on the Response of Channel Morphology and Juvenile Salmonid Populations to Logging in Streams of the Oregon Coast Range written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Policy Patterns Across Riverscapes

Author : Brett A. Boisjolie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (952 download)

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Book Synopsis Policy Patterns Across Riverscapes by : Brett A. Boisjolie

Download or read book Policy Patterns Across Riverscapes written by Brett A. Boisjolie and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land management policies are ideas about nature projected onto the landscape. Culminations of social, economic, and scientific influences, these policies create standards affecting the function of ecological systems. In the case of riparian lands in the Oregon Coast Range, policy requirements vary considerably across federal, state, and private land ownerships. Protective measures, such as the adoption of fixed buffer widths for maintaining vegetation, are intended to preserve natural processes important to instream habitat and water quality. However, the "policy landscape" of variable management standards can result in a fragmented approach to policy protection. This fragmentation complicates recovery efforts for threatened anadromous fish species such as coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), which require connectivity in suitable habitat segments throughout the river network. Taking a riverscape perspective, this study evaluates how aquatic protections vary across the river and its valley. To explore the patterns created from variable standard, the study first delineates categories of riparian management standards in the Oregon Coast Range. Using a geographic information system (GIS), these standards are mapped across the river networks of this region. The extent of each policy category is quantified in stream kilometers in order to evaluate policy efforts within and across the riverscapes of the Oregon Coast Range. A model of intrinsic potential for coho salmon habitat is used to identify the policy standards in stream reaches where flow, valley constraint, and channel gradient are appropriate for coho salmon habitat. A second model of the stream network (hydrography) is developed to evaluate how differences in stream delineation can influence policy patterns. Results indicate that riparian lands of the Oregon Coast Range are protected by variable standards for land management, including buffer widths that range from 0 to ~152m. In streams important to coho salmon, a lower proportion of the stream network was found to be protected by policy standards compared to the watershed and ESU scale. A lack of stream data central to policy application (fish use, stream flow duration, mean annual flow, water use) complicated our ability to attribute stream segments with specific land management requirements. The choice of hydrographic data was also found to influence the proportional extent of policies within riverscapes. This framework for assessing the spatial distribution of policies can provide insights for future studies of riverscape systems.