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The Effect Of Ph On The Critical Potential Forintergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel In Mixed Sulfate Solutions At 250 C
Download The Effect Of Ph On The Critical Potential Forintergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel In Mixed Sulfate Solutions At 250 C full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online The Effect Of Ph On The Critical Potential Forintergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel In Mixed Sulfate Solutions At 250 C ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis The Effect of PH on the Critical Potential Forintergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in Mixed Sulfate Solutions at 250 C by : Shrinivas Govindarajan
Download or read book The Effect of PH on the Critical Potential Forintergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in Mixed Sulfate Solutions at 250 C written by Shrinivas Govindarajan and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Temperature and Ionic Impurities at Very Low Concentrations on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel by :
Download or read book Effect of Temperature and Ionic Impurities at Very Low Concentrations on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relative effect of approx. 12 anion species, in conjunction with hydrogen and sodium cations, on the stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) behavior of lightly sensitized Type 304 stainless steel was investigated in constant-extension-rate-tensile (CERT) tests at 289°C in water with 0.2 ppM dissolved oxygen at total conductivity values of less than or equal to 1 .mu. S/cm. The results show that the sulfur species, either in acid or sodium form, produce the highest degree of IGSCC relative to other anions. The effect of temperature on the SCC behavior of the material was investigated in CERT tests over the range 110 to 320°C in high-purity water and in water containing 0.1 and 1.0 ppM sulfate as H2SO4 at a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.2 ppM. The CERT parameters were correlated with impurity concentration (i.e., conductivity) and the electrochemical potential of platinum and Type 304 stainless steel electrodes in the high-temperature environments. Maximum IGSCC occurred at temperatures between approx. 200 and 250°C in high-purity water, and the addition of sulfate increased the average crack growth rates and the temperature range over which maximum susceptibility occurred. A distinct transition from intergranular to transgranular and ultimately to a ductile failure mode was observed as the temperature increased from approx. 270 to 320°C in high-purity water. This transition was attributed to a decrease in the open-circuit corrosion potential of the steel below a critical value of approx. 0 mV(SHE) at the higher temperature. A large decrease in the crack growth rates of fracture-mechanics-type specimens of the steel was also found when the temperature was increased from 289 to 320°C in high-purity water with 0.2 ppM dissolved oxygen. 26 references, 8 figures, 6 tables.
Book Synopsis An Exploratory Study of Inhibition of Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel by : Benjamin Floyd Brown
Download or read book An Exploratory Study of Inhibition of Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel written by Benjamin Floyd Brown and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of PH on Stress Corrosion Cracking of 18-8 Stainless Steel in Low-chloride Water by :
Download or read book Effects of PH on Stress Corrosion Cracking of 18-8 Stainless Steel in Low-chloride Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tests to determine the effects of pH on cracking behavior of sensitized samples of 18-8 stainless steel were performed in 90 deg C water with 10 ppm chloride ion and pH in the range 7.0 to 0.0. The results demonstrated that pH exerts a strong influence on cracking. Tests on nonsensitized type 304 steel immersed in boiling water with 100 ppm chloride ion over the range of pH 7.0 to 0.0 revealed that steel in this condition is much more resistant to cracking than sensitized-and-pickled steel. The results demonstrate the importance of electrochemical corrosion in the phenomenon of stress corrosion cracking of type 304 stainless steel. (P.C.H.).
Book Synopsis PH Effects on the Crevice Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304 Stainless Steel by : Ned C. Pruitt
Download or read book PH Effects on the Crevice Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304 Stainless Steel written by Ned C. Pruitt and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Sulfuric Acid, Oxygen, and Hydrogen in High-temperature Water on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel by :
Download or read book Effect of Sulfuric Acid, Oxygen, and Hydrogen in High-temperature Water on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of dissolved oxygen and hydrogen and dilute sulfuric acid in 289°C water on the stress-corrosion-cracking susceptibility of lightly and moderately sensitized Type 304 stainless steel was determined in constant-extension-rate tensile (CERT) tests. The CERT parameters and the fracture surface morphologies were correlated with the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and sulfate, and the electrochemical potentials of platinum and Type 304 stainless steel electrodes in simulated boiling-water reactor (BWR) environments. A particularly high susceptibility to intergranular cracking was found for the steel in the lightly sensitized condition at oxygen concentrations between approx. 0.05 and 0.2 ppM under slightly acidic conditions (pH approx. 6.0 at 25°C), which may, in part, account for the pervasive nature of intergranular cracking in BWR piping systems. Scanning-transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed significant differences between samples in the lightly and the moderately sensitized condition with respect to the width, but not the depth, of the chromium-depleted region at the grain boundaries. The addition of 0.5 ppM hydrogen to the water had only a small mitigating effect on intergranular cracking in water containing oxygen and sulfuric acid at low concentrations; however, oxygen suppression to less than or equal to 0.05 ppM in the reactor-coolant water, by means of hydrogen additions to the feedwater, would be quite beneficial provided impurities are also maintained at very low levels.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Fluid Flow on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in 0.01 M Na2SO4?solution at 2500C by : Sang-Hea Shim
Download or read book The Effect of Fluid Flow on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in 0.01 M Na2SO4?solution at 2500C written by Sang-Hea Shim and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Effects of Corrosion Potential and Impurities on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel by :
Download or read book Analysis of the Effects of Corrosion Potential and Impurities on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel (SS) has been a recurrent problem in the high-temperature water environment of boiling-water-reactors (BWRs) over the past two decades. The synergistic effects of environmental and material variables on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Type 304 SS were investigated at 289°C by means of constant-extension-rate-tensile (CERT) tests at a strain rate of 1 x 10−6/s. Correlations among environmental variables (dissolved oxygen and impurity concentrations, viz., H2SO4, steady-state open-circuit electro-chemical potential) and the SCC susceptibility parameters have been determined. The extensive results over a wide range of open-circuit corrosion potential conditions were analyzed by a model which accounts for the effects of environmental variables, microstructure (e.g., degree of sensitization) and strain rate. The results are consistent with a slip-dissolution mechanism for SCC. Furthermore, representation of the dependence of corrosion potential and average crack growth rate on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water by a simple mathematical function, in conjunction with the theoretical model, enables predictions of both strain rate and environmental effects on the SCC susceptibility of sensitized Type 304 SS. 12 refs., 7 figs.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Aqueous Impurities on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel in High-temperature Water by : R. B. Davis
Download or read book The Effect of Aqueous Impurities on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel in High-temperature Water written by R. B. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel in Chloride/sulfate Solutions by : Abraham Poznansky
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel in Chloride/sulfate Solutions written by Abraham Poznansky and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Film and Ph Effects in the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel by : H. R. BAKER
Download or read book Film and Ph Effects in the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel written by H. R. BAKER and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Initiation of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel by :
Download or read book Initiation of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corrosion potential of stressed sensitized Type 304 stainless steels were studied in oxygen-containing solutions to determine the relation between potential fluctuations and the initiation of stress-corrosion cracking. An in situ scanning vibrating electrode technique was shown to detect currents coming from growing stress corrosion cracks in dilute thiosulfate solutions at temperatures below 90°C. The onset of the cracking was clearly indicted by rapid decreases in the potential. It was observed that small cracks, which had grown for a limited period, were not susceptible to reinitiation of the cracking process. The onset of cracking was clearly observable by marked decreases in the potential which continued to decrease if cracking remained active and increased when cracking stopped. At and above 200°C there were no potential fluctuation indicative of the onset of stress-corrosion cracking. Small potential differences between platinum and stainless steel were observed demonstrating the presence of a single electrochemically reversible reaction determined the potential of all metals within the stainless steel autoclave, and thus masking the onset of cracking. The presence of only an iron-containing deposit on the platinum suggested that a sufficiently reversible redox couple was set up between deposited iron oxide and a soluble iron species in solution which dominated the potential of the stainless steel and the platinum.
Book Synopsis Stress Corrosion Cracking by : G. M. Ugiansky
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by G. M. Ugiansky and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1979 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of PH and Oxygen on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel in Reactor Moderator Service by :
Download or read book Effect of PH and Oxygen on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel in Reactor Moderator Service written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergranular cracking of Type 304 stainless steel outlet nozzles in reactor moderator service prompted a broad program of laboratory studies to determine the cause of the failures. It was demonstrated that sensitized and pickled Type 304 stainless steel is extremely susceptible to both intergranular and transgranular chloride stress corrosion cracking in hot water of pH 4.5 to 5.0 which contains as little as 2 ppM chloride ion. Although the chloride content of moderator is only about 0.01--0.03 ppM, it was concluded that chloride concentrations sufficient to cause cracking occurred on the nozzle surfaces, either very gradually or as a result of a system change. This conclusion was substantiated later when chlorides were shown to be concentrated in a film of aluminum oxide (from fuel cladding corrosion) deposited on the moderator side of a failed nozzle. Circumstantial evidence suggested that initiation of moderator pH (pD) control with nitric acid and oxygen caused or contributed to cracking of the nozzles. Therefore, in recent laboratory work the effects of pH and oxygen concentration on cracking of sensitized and pickled Type 304 stainless steel were investigated. The effects of nitrate and sulfate ion concentrations were also investigated. Results of these laboratory investigations are summarized in this report. Changes in the moderator system caused by pD control and the possible effects on cracking are also discussed. 7 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.
Book Synopsis Stress Corrosion Cracking Response of 304 Stainless Steel in ASerated and Dearated Water by :
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking Response of 304 Stainless Steel in ASerated and Dearated Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scoping stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests of 304 stainless steel (SS) were performed in 75 C and 250 C aerated pressurized water (APW) and 250 C deaerated pressurized water (DPW). The 250 C APW environment was used to initiate intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and then the water was deaerated and hydrogenated to see if IGSCC continued in 250 C DPW. Tests were performed with and without 200 ppb SO4{sup =}. The 304 SS test materials were evaluated in either the as-received, heavily sensitized (649 C for 1 h), fully sensitized (1099 C for 1 h/water quench/621 C for 17 h) or 20% cold rolled condition. At the beginning of each test sequence, specimens were subjected to continuous cycling with a 500s rise/500s fall or a 5000s rise/500s fall to promote the transition from a transgranular (TG) precrack to an IG crack. After generating a uniform crack under continuous cycling conditions, a trapezoidal waveform with 500s rise/9000s hold/500s fall was used to characterize the SCC behavior. Crack growth rates (CGRs) were monitored continuously with the electric potential drop (EPD) method and were corrected based on physical crack length measurements obtained when specimens were destructively evaluated. Continuous cycling with a 500s or 5000s rise time was found to produce both TG faceting and IGSCC in fully sensitized 304 SS tested in 75 C APW with 7 ppm O2 and 200 ppb SO4{sup =}. However, no measurable crack extension occurred when a 9000 s hold time was introduced. Extensive IGSCC occurred in heavily sensitized and fully sensitized 304 SS in 250 C APW with 1 ppm O2 and 200 ppb SO4{sup =}. IGSCC initiated under continuous cycling conditions with a 500 s rise time, and rapid IGSCC occurred when a 9000 s hold time was introduced. During the trapezoidal waveform test with a 9000 s hold, CGRs ranged from 1 to 3 mils/day for the heavily sensitized material and 5 to 10 mils/day for the fully sensitized material. When the test environment was dearated and hydrogenated to 30 cc H2/kg H2O, CGRs decreased by an order of magnitude ((almost equal to)0.1 mils/day), and the cracking mode in 250 C DPW was predominantly TG. The only material that exhibited evidence of IGSCC in 250 C DPW was 20% cold rolled 304 SS. IGSCC readily initiated in 250 C APW and continued in 250 C DPW. Metallographic and fractographic examinations showed that the IG cracking was highly branched and discontinuous. Results from the scoping SCC tests have revealed significant information regarding the nature of IG and TG cracking of 304 SS in APW and DPW. The key finding is that cold work appears to be more important than sensitization in producing IGSCC in DPW.
Book Synopsis Stress Corrosion Cracking and Pitting of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in Chloride Solutions Containing Sulfur Species at Temperatures from 50 to 2000C by : Jong-Kwon Lee
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking and Pitting of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in Chloride Solutions Containing Sulfur Species at Temperatures from 50 to 2000C written by Jong-Kwon Lee and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Fluid Flow on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in 0.01 M Na2SO4?solution at 2500C by : Sang-Hea Shim
Download or read book The Effect of Fluid Flow on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in 0.01 M Na2SO4?solution at 2500C written by Sang-Hea Shim and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
