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The Effect Of Fiber Corrosion On Shear Capacity Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams And An Initial Investigation On Alkali Silika Reaction In Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Fiber Corrosion on Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams and an Initial Investigation on Alkali-silika Reaction in Steel Fiber-reinforced Concrete by : Regina Nyambura Waweru
Download or read book The Effect of Fiber Corrosion on Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams and an Initial Investigation on Alkali-silika Reaction in Steel Fiber-reinforced Concrete written by Regina Nyambura Waweru and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this research aims to investigate the effect of fiber corrosion on the shear capacity of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete beams. It will also strive to determine at what reduction in minimum diameter of the fiber does the effect of corrosion become most severe on the shear capacity of the beam. Four simply-supported beams with a shear span to depth ratio of 3.3 were subjected to a monotonically increasing load. The targeted concrete compressive strength for all beams was 6000 psi. This however differed from the measured strength due to a number of factors as will be discussed in the paper. The fixed parameters for the experiment were the beam size, shear span-to-effective depth ratio, and concrete compressive strength, while the varied parameters were the fiber content and the extent of corrosion of the steel fibers. Pre-corroded fibers were used in this research to give the worst case scenario because in real life situations, only the fibers closest to the surface of the concrete (0.10 in. from surface) or those close to a crack will be corroded. Hooked steel fibers were used at a volume fraction of 0.75% with an aspect ratio of 125 and a length of 1 in. Small specimen tests were also conducted to determine the change in the mechanical properties of SFRC at different levels of corrosion. The tests conducted were: the three point loading test, the compression test and the fiber pullout tests. Test results revealed that a 12.5% reduction in the minimum fiber diameter, has almost no effect on the shear capacity of beams. Results from the fiber pullout tests showed a slight increase in the pullout load which seems to indicate an increase in the bond between the fiber and cementitious matrix. However, for beams with a 50% reduction in the minimum fiber diameter a 24% reduction in the shear strength of the beam was witnessed. These observations indicated that the type of failure for these beams was through fiber breakage before pullout. The results from the fiber pullout specimens also seemed to support this failure mode as 80% of the fibers broke before pullout. Finally recommendations are made for more future research on the topic. The second part of the thesis covers the initial investigation on alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in SFRC. Most importantly, it tries to determine whether the addition of fibers to concrete can actually arrest cracks due to ASR in concrete and thus counteract its effect on the durability of the structure. Four beams with dimensions of 20 x 6 x 6 in. were cast using reactive aggregates, in accordance to ASTM C1260 and C1293 and subjected to an accelerated ASR test. Two beams were reinforced with 1% fibers while the control specimens had no fibers. From the preliminary observations on the beams by measuring their elongation, the SFRC beams showed less expansion compared to the plain concrete beams. Based on these these initial findings, a more intense research was recommended on the effect of steel fibers on ASR. This is an ongoing research that will take a couple of years as the specimens with reactive aggregates will be cast and put in the natural environment for cracking to occur due to ASR. The specimens will then be compared with their counterparts with no fibers to reach a conclusion.
Book Synopsis A Framework for Durability Design with Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) by : Gideon P.A.G. van Zijl
Download or read book A Framework for Durability Design with Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) written by Gideon P.A.G. van Zijl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book captures the state of the art of the durability of fibre-reinforced strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) and the durability of structures or structural elements manufactured in full or in part with this class of modern construction materials. Highlights include: - Reflection on durability performance of existing applications in patch repair, a water reservoir and highway bridges. - Guidelines for tensile testing towards durability assessment of cracked SHCC. - New crack pattern related ingress rate indices for water and chloride into cracked SHCC. - The influence of low and high temperatures on SHCC durability performance. - The mechanism of crack control reducing ASR and corrosion rate, and results on chloride-induced corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement. - Self-healing of cracks in SHCC. - A conceptual durability design framework for SHCC and R/SHCC structures and members.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Strength-enhancement Mechanism and Size Effect on Ultimate Shear Strength of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) Slender Beams by : Mohammad Reza Zarrinpour
Download or read book Investigation of Strength-enhancement Mechanism and Size Effect on Ultimate Shear Strength of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) Slender Beams written by Mohammad Reza Zarrinpour and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research study consists of two separate phases. In the first phase, an experimental study was conducted to identify the shear-enhancement and failure mechanisms behind the ultimate shear strength of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) slender beams by utilizing the full field deformation measuring capability of digital image correlation (DIC) technology. A total of 12 large-scale simply supported SFRC and RC beams with a range of heights including 12 in. (305 mm), 18 in. (457 mm), 24 in. (610 mm),36 in. (915 mm), and 48 in. (1220 mm) were tested under monotonic point load. The greater shear strength in SFRC beams stems from the fiber bridging effect which delays the propagation of the cracks into the compression zone. In contrast to the traditional assumption for either plain concrete or SFRC beams, where the shear contribution resulting from dowel action is completely neglected, this research clearly shows that the dowel action has an appreciable effect on the ultimate shear strength. Its contribution varies from 10% to 30% as the beam depth increases from 12 in. (305 mm) to 48 in. (1220 mm). On the other hand, the compression zone's contribution decreases from 69% to 36%with the increase in beam depth. In addition, the shear contribution from the fiber bridging effect along the critical shear crack stays virtually unchanged at 20%, regardless of beam depth. In this study, the minimum shear strength obtained was in the range of 5 SQRT (f'c) psi (0.42 SQRT (f'c) MPa) for the beams with the greatest depth. This indicates that the maximum allowed shear stress limit of 1.5 SQRT (f'c) psi (0.125 SQRT (f'c) MPa) specified in ACI 318-14 is on the very conservative side. While the size effect on ultimate shear strength of plain concrete beams has been well researched in the past decades, limited tests were carried out to study the extent and mechanism of size effect in steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams. Current American Concrete Institute's ACI 318 Building Code restricts the use of steel fiber as minimum shear reinforcement to beams with a height up to 24 in. (610 mm). In the next phase of the study, in addition to the analyzing of the current testing data, the laboratory test results from the first part of the study and the respective digital image correlation (DIC) images were examined to identify the underlying factors that cause size effect on ultimate shear stress of SFRC slender beams. Moderate size effect was observed in the beams tested in this study. Through the full field strains and a mechanical based analysis, it was found that the size effect is a function of both the beam height and the shear span length.In larger beams, due to the greater horizontal and vertical distance from the compression zone to the supports, the critical diagonal shear crack was able to propagate deeply into the top of the beams. As a consequence, the compression zone exhibits less contribution to shear resistance in larger size beams, and the dowel action becomes more critical. Therefore, a minor flaw in dowel zone such as lacking well-distribution of steel fibers results in early destruction of dowel resistance and shear failure.
Book Synopsis On Shear Behavior of Structural Elements Made of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete by : Estefanía Cuenca
Download or read book On Shear Behavior of Structural Elements Made of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete written by Estefanía Cuenca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-27 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on the shear behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) elements, presenting a thorough analysis of the most important studies in the field and highlighting their shortcomings and issues that have been neglected to date. Instead of proposing a new formula, which would add to an already long list, it instead focuses on existing design codes. Based on a comparison of experimental tests, it provides a thorough analysis of these codes, describing both their reliability and weaknesses. Among other issues, the book addresses the influence of flange size on shear, and the possible inclusion of the flange factor in design formulas. Moreover, it reports in detail on tests performed on beams made of concrete of different compressive strengths, and on fiber reinforcements to study the influence on shear, including size effects. Lastly, the book presents a thorough analysis of FRC hollow core slabs. In fact, although this is an area of great interest in the current research landscape, it remains largely unexplored due to the difficulties encountered in attempting to fit transverse reinforcement in these elements.
Book Synopsis Structural Applications of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design by : Abdeslam Reklaoui
Download or read book Structural Applications of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design written by Abdeslam Reklaoui and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ACI Materials Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ACI Structural Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fresh, Mechanical, Durability and Corrosion Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete by : Kevin Ramirez
Download or read book Fresh, Mechanical, Durability and Corrosion Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete written by Kevin Ramirez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of this study is to investigate the effects of using basalt fibers on the fresh, mechanical, durability and corrosion properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC). The study is performed with varying basalt fiber volumes of 0%, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.50% by total concrete volume; utilizing two different water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.35 and 0.40. The results were compared to conventional concrete as well as steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The first part of the experimental program consisted of 14 different concrete mixtures that have been cast using conventional Portland cement with a design compressive strength of 5,075 psi at 28 days (typical strength for slabs and similar applications in which fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) are utilized). The second part of the experimental program investigated the effect of basalt fiber on corrosion rates and corrosion potential for steel reinforcement embedded in mortar mixtures. The first experimental program included fresh, mechanical and durability properties of the developed concrete mixtures. The fresh properties included slump and unit weight; mechanical properties included compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and average residual strength; durability properties included unrestrained drying shrinkage and chloride ion penetrability evaluation. The developed mixtures were prepared and evaluated by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The second experimental program investigated the effects of basalt fibers on corrosion properties of steel reinforcement embedded in mortar by performing a rapid macrocell corrosion evaluation test, prepared and evaluated by Federal Highway Association (FHWA) Report FHWA-HRT-07-043.It is concluded that the use of basalt fibers reduces slump values as fiber volume increases, however with the use of the right amount of HRWA, slump target values can be achieved. Results indicate that the use of basalt fibers improve tensile, flexural, and average residual strength properties as fiber volume increase; up to 28.92%, 45.86% and 71.82%, respectively. Results also suggest that the use of basalt fibers may decrease compressive strength at 28 days. Durability properties are also improved with the addition of basalt fibers as fiber volume increases. It is suggested to use a fiber volume of 30% to optimize overall mechanical and durability properties of the mixtures. On the other hand, results suggest that the use of basalt fibers may increase corrosion rates and accelerate the time of corrosion of steel reinforcement embedded in mortar. Therefore, is not suggested to be used for such applications.
Book Synopsis Ceramic Abstracts by : American Ceramic Society
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by American Ceramic Society and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Corrosion Controlled Degradation of Reinforced Concrete Flexure Elements by : Joshua David Blunt
Download or read book The Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Corrosion Controlled Degradation of Reinforced Concrete Flexure Elements written by Joshua David Blunt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shear Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Beams Without Shear Reinforcement by : Jae-Sung Cho
Download or read book Shear Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Beams Without Shear Reinforcement written by Jae-Sung Cho and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ACI 318-08 building code allows to use the steel fiber reinforcement as alternative shear reinforcement with satisfying certain criteria when a beam is required minimum shear reinforcement. However, this provision applies to a nonprestressed and prestressed concrete beam such that it could be conservative since the shear strength of prestressed concrete beam is generally enhanced due to the prestressing force. This is due partially to the fact that the provision has been accepted based on researches, mostly conducted in nonprestressed concrete beam. Most of experiments conducted for prestressed concrete beam in small scale tests, with a height of specimens were less than 10 in. A larger scale of experiment is required due to concerns of size effect. In addition, in order to evaluate the qualification of a Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) mixture used for structural applications, such as increasing shear resistance, a material evaluation method is essential. Currently ASTM or ACI Committee 544 (Fiber-Reinforced Concrete) does not recommend any standardized test method for evaluating shear performance of a particular SFRC material. This study addresses the research gaps described above by testing large-scale Steel Fiber Reinforced Prestressed Concrete (SFRPC) beams as well as developing a simple laboratory test techniques. A total 13 simply-supported beams for large-scale test with a shear span to effective depth ratio of 3.0 and a height of 24 in. were subjected to monotonically-increased, concentrated load. The test parameters were mainly included compressive strength, volume fraction of steel fibers, compressive reinforcement ratio. The results of large-scale test showed that the use of hooked steel fibers in a volume fraction greater than or equal to 0.50% volume fraction of steel fibers (67 lb per cubic yard), which is less than requirement by ACI 318-08 (0.75%, 100 lb per cubic yard), led to substantial enhancement of shear behaviors including the first cracking, the ultimate, and ductility. High compressive strength of SFRC, greater than 9000 psi, which is higher than ACI 318-08 requirement (less than 6000 psi) could be used as well. However, there was no significant effect from compressive reinforcement ratio. A simply shear test method for SFRC was proposed in this study. The test apparatus is almost exactly the same as the conventional ASTM bending test with only minor modification, in addition, it could simulate a pure shear stress by adjusting loading and support positions. By introducing a proper reinforcement for bending stress, it was possible to evaluate shear performance of SFRC with clear and uncomplicated shear stress field in the critical section.
Book Synopsis Effects of Alkali-silica Reaction on the Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Without Transverse Reinforcement by : Gloriana Arrieta Martinez
Download or read book Effects of Alkali-silica Reaction on the Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Without Transverse Reinforcement written by Gloriana Arrieta Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkali-silica reaction, or ASR, is a common deterioration mechanism that subjects concrete to internal expansive stresses. Previous research on the structural effects of ASR has shown that if a structure is effectively confined by reinforcement (e.g., three-dimensional reinforcement configuration), it is unlikely that its performance will be compromised by the development of ASR. On the other hand, in structures that are not effectively confined by reinforcement (e.g., no transverse reinforcement present, such as slabs and walls), unrestrained expansion occurs in the direction that is lacking restraint, possibly introducing a structural vulnerability. Multiple laboratory studies have been conducted to identify the structural implications of ASR in reinforced concrete. However, large-scale tests on ASR-damaged concrete elements without transverse reinforcement have not been found in the literature and the structural implications of ASR on that type of elements therefore remain uncertain. The research described in this dissertation studied the effects of ASR-related damage on the shear behavior of full-scale structural concrete elements without transverse reinforcement. The main objective was to quantify the effects that different severity levels of ASR had on the shear strength and behavior of the test specimens. This objective was accomplished through a full-scale experimental program. A total of ten specimens modeled after typical structural walls were fabricated in the laboratory and subsequently tested in shear, at different target levels of ASR expansion. The development of ASR was facilitated through the use of known reactive materials and aggressive conditioning regimes. The progress of specimen deterioration was monitored and correlated to structural test results. Structural test results did not reveal any deficiencies in the shear performance of the specimens at any level of ASR-related expansion examined in this test program. Based on the results of this research, several recommendations were made for the assessment of ASR-related deterioration and residual shear strength of ASR-affected structures in the field
Book Synopsis Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers by : American Society of Civil Engineers
Download or read book Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 29-30 contain papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54, pts. A-F, papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.
Book Synopsis Durability and Physical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete by :
Download or read book Durability and Physical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Steel Fiber Geometry on the First Crack Strength of Fiber Reinforced Concrete by : Jennifer A. Leonardo
Download or read book Effect of Steel Fiber Geometry on the First Crack Strength of Fiber Reinforced Concrete written by Jennifer A. Leonardo and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Steel Fibers as Web Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete by : Gilbert R. Williamson
Download or read book Steel Fibers as Web Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete written by Gilbert R. Williamson and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this investigation was to determine the feasibility of replacing shear reinforcement (stirrups) with randomly distributed steel fibers for the prevention of diagonal tension (shear) failure in full-scale conventionally reinforced concrete beams. The following conclusions are based upon the use of steel fibers with deformed ends (Dramix) to replace stirrups: (1) Steel fibers can be used to replace stirrups in beams with no reduction in the ultimate design moment capacity; (2) Steel fibers increase the shear strength of concrete beams sufficiently to prevent catastrophic diagonal tension failure, while forcing the beam to fail in flexure; (3) ACI Code procedures can be used without modification to design reinforced concrete beams that contain steel fibers as shear reinforcement; (4) Low volume percentages of steel fibers have no effect upon the stiffness of full-scale beams; and (5) Steel fibers present a potentially more economic alternative to the use of stirrups in reinforced concrete design.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Carbon Fiber Polymer on the Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members by : Rami Nassar
Download or read book The Effect of Carbon Fiber Polymer on the Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members written by Rami Nassar and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The enclosed work focuses on shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber sheets. The use of composite materials is increasing in rehabilitation of concrete structural elements. The advantages over concrete are high strength to weight ratio and high resistance to corrosion over steel structures. Over time, concrete beams lose their strength due to corrosion of the reinforcement inside the beam. To replicate this condition in the field, research on concrete beams was performed and experimental tests and analytical investigations were conducted to prove the validity of the research. Several T-shape rectangular beams were tested, and they were externally reinforced with carbon fiber. The bonding of the material to the concrete surface, the surface preparation, and the orientation of the fiber were important factors in strengthening the beam in shear. Two samples were tested in as-build conditions. Four other samples were externally reinforced with carbon fabric composite sheets. By applying the carbon externally, significant improvement on the shear strength of the concrete beam was achieved. Samples were modeled in a finite element (FE) program, ABAQUS, to verify the actual conditions acting on the beam during testing. The FE results were found to be similar to the experimental findings.
