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Author : Geena Kaur Rait
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (132 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Constraint on the Fracture Toughness of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels written by Geena Kaur Rait and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. Detty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Constraint Due to Out-of-Plane Stress Field on Fracture of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel--An Experimental and Numerical Study written by D. Detty and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research on crack-tip constraint on fracture, including the effect of in-plane biaxial stress fields, has led to a two-parameter elastic K-T and elasto-plastic J-Q approach to correlate fracture toughness. These approaches predict a significant influence of biaxial stress state on fracture toughness. In the case of reactor pressure vessels undergoing pressurized thermal shock (PTS), significant stresses induced parallel to the crack front (out-of-plane stresses) offer additional constraint at the crack-tip. In order to evaluate the effect of this out-of-plane stress field on fracture of reactor pressure vessel steels, a unique method for testing a cruciform-type double-edge notch, DEN(T), specimen loaded in biaxial tension was developed. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses were conducted to design the specimen configuration. Details of the experimental and analytical results and the significance of the crack-tip constraint, due to biaxial stress state involving out-of-plane stresses, on the fracture toughness in the transition region are presented.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (329 download)
Download or read book Biaxial Loading Effects on Fracture Toughness of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Analytical Modeling of the Effect of Crack Depth, Specimen Size, and Biaxial Stress on the Fracture Toughness of Reactor Vessel Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fracture, toughness values for A533-B reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel obtained from test programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and University of Kansas (KU) are interpreted using the J-A2 analytical model. The analytical model is based on the critical stress concept and takes into consideration the constraint effect using the second parameter A2 in addition to the generally accepted first parameter J which represents the loading level. It is demonstrated that with the constraint level included in the model effects of crack depth (shallow vs deep), specimen size (small vs. large), and loading type (uniaxial vs biaxial) on the fracture toughness from the test programs can be interpreted and predicted.
Author : JW. Bryson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Influence of Crack Depth on the Fracture Toughness of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel written by JW. Bryson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Heavy Section Steel Technology Program (HSST) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is investigating the influence of flaw depth on the fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel. Recently, it has been shown that, in notched beam testing, shallow cracks tend to exhibit an elevated toughness as a result of a loss of constraint at the crack tip. The loss of constraint takes place when interaction occurs between the elastic-plastic crack-tip stress field and the specimen surface nearest the crack tip. An increased shallow-crack fracture toughness is of interest to the nuclear industry because probabilistic fracture-mechanics evaluations show that shallow flaws play a dominant role in the probability of vessel failure during postulated pressurized-thermal-shock (PTS) events.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Reactor Pressure Vessel Structural Integrity Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development continues on the technology used to assess the safety of irradiation-embrittled nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) containing flaws. Fracture mechanics tests on RPV steel, coupled with detailed elastic-plastic finite-element analyses of the crack-tip stress fields, have shown that (1) constraint relaxation at the crack tip of shallows surface flaws results in increased data scatter but no increase in the lower-bound fracture toughness, (2) the nil ductility temperature (NDT) performs better than the reference temperature for nil ductility transition (RT{sub NDT}) as a normalizing parameter for shallow-flaw fracture toughness data, (3) biaxial loading can reduce the shallow-flaw fracture toughness, (4) stress-based dual-parameter fracture toughness correlations cannot predict the effect of biaxial loading on a shallow-flaw fracture toughness because in-plane stresses at the crack tip are not influenced by biaxial loading, and (5) an implicit strain-based dual-parameter fracture toughness correlation can predict the effect of biaxial loading on shallow-flaw fracture toughness. Experimental irradiation investigations have shown that (1) the irradiation-induced shift in Charpy V-notch vs temperature behavior may not be adequate to conservatively assess fracture toughness shifts due to embrittlement, and (2) the wide global variations of initial chemistry and fracture properties of a nominally uniform material within a pressure vessel may confound accurate integrity assessments that require baseline properties.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Influence of Crack Depth on the Fracture Toughness of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Heavy Section Steel Technology Program (HSST) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is investigating the influence of flaw depth on the fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel. Recently, it has been shown that, in notched beam testing, shallow cracks tend to exhibit an elevated toughness as a result of a loss of constraint at the crack tip. The loss of constraint takes place when interaction occurs between the elastic-plastic crack-tip stress field and the specimen surface nearest the crack tip. An increased shallow-crack fracture toughness is of interest to the nuclear industry because probabilistic fracture-mechanics evaluations show that shallow flaws play a dominant role in the probability of vessel failure during postulated pressurized-thermal-shock (PTS) events. Tests have been performed on beam specimens loaded in 3-point bending using unirradiated reactor pressure vessel material (A533 B). Testing has been conducted using specimens with a constant beam depth (W = 94 mm) and within the lower transition region of the toughness curve for A533 B. Test results indicate a significantly higher fracture toughness associated with the shallow flaw specimens compared to the fracture toughness determined using deep-crack (a/W = 0.5) specimens. Test data also show little influence of thickness on the fracture toughness for the current test temperature ( -60°C). 21 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Author : Mark Kirk
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803120133
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Constraint Effects in Fracture Theory and Applications written by Mark Kirk and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1995 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : E. M. Hackett
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803114818
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Constraint Effects in Fracture written by E. M. Hackett and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the symposium on [title] held in Indianapolis, Indiana, May 1991, provide a framework for quantifying constraint effects in terms of both continuum mechanics and micro-mechanical modeling approaches. Such a framework is useful in establishing accurate predictions of the fracture
Author : K. Edsinger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Constraint on Toughness of a Pressure Vessel Steel written by K. Edsinger and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-third-sized pre-cracked Charpy bars (MPCC, a/W ~ 0.5) were tested over a range of temperatures. Initiation by unstable fracture or extensive pop-in/arrest events took place in the low and intermediate temperature/toughness regime; at higher temperatures/toughness levels, crack growth was limited to blunting/local damage. The small specimen toughness curve is shifted down in temperature and has steeper transition slopes compared with data for larger compact tension (CT) specimens from the literature. Full size pre-cracked Charpy (PCC) specimens with a/W ratios of nominally 0.1 and 0.5 were tested at -73°C. The toughness for PCCs with a/W = 0.1 was higher by factors of 2 to 4. Confocal microscopy (CM), fracture reconstruction (FR) and finite element method (FEM) simulations were used to evaluate the local conditions at cleavage fracture. For a/W = 0.5 (PCC and MPCC), initiation took place at a single critical stress-critical area criteria independent of size and temperature. However, for the a/W = 0.1 specimens, the critical stress was lower with a correspondingly larger critical area. This is consistent with the reduced stress field present in shallow cracks. Failure by cleavage initiation at a lower critical stress is tentatively attributed to the effects of higher local strains modifying cleavage conditions.
Author : F. J. Loss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book A Reassessment of Fracture-safe Operating Criteria for Reactor Vessel Steels Based on Charpy-v Performance written by F. J. Loss and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fracture-safe operating criteria for commercial nuclear pressure vessels based on Fracture Analysis Diagram procedures and Charpy-V energy trends are reappraised with respect to the effects of thick-section mechanical constraint and low Charpy-V shelf energies resulting from neutron irradiation. Comparisons of the Charpy-V test with the more definitive Dynamic Tear test procedures indicate the former to be an acceptable means of assessing the fracture toughness of A533-B steel. The mechanical constraint associated with 12-in. thicknesses of this steel suggests the addition of 70F (39C) to the existing criterion requiring vessel operation above NDT + 60F (33C). Ratio Analysis Diagram procedures are shown to be useful in interpreting Charpy-V shelf level data obtained from vessel surveillance programs in terms of critical toughness levels relating to brittle fracture. (Author).
Download or read book A Probabilistic Model Including Constraint and Plastic Strain Effects for Fracture Toughness Predictions in a Pressure Vessel Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Heavy-Section Steel Technology Program Fracture Issues written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale fracture mechanics tests have resulted in the identification of a number of fracture-technology issues. Identification of additional issues has come from the reactor vessel materials-irradiation test program and from reactor operating experience. This paper provides a review of fracture issues with an emphasis on their potential impact on a reactor vessel pressurized-thermal-shock (PTS) analysis. Mixed-mode crack propagation emerges as a major issue, due in large measure to the poor performance of existing models for the prediction of ductile tearing. Rectification of ductile tearing technology deficiencies may require extending the technology to include a more complete treatment of stress-state and loading history effects. The effect of cladding on vessel fracture remains uncertain to the point that it is not possible to determine at this time if the net effect will be positive or negative. Enhanced fracture toughness for shallow flaws has been demonstrated for low-strength structural steels. Demonstration of a similar effect in reactor pressure vessel steels could have a significant beneficial effect on the probabilistic analysis of reactor vessel fracture. Further development of existing fracture-mechanics models and concepts is required to meet the special requirements for fracture evaluation of circumferential flaws in the welds of ring-forged vessels. Fracture technology advances required to address the issues discussed in this paper are the major objective for the ongoing Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). 22 refs., 18 figs.
Author : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Annual Meeting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Reference Fracture Toughness Procedures Applied to Pressure Vessel Materials written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Annual Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : F. J. Loss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Fracture Toughness of Pressure Vessel Materials for Light Water Reactors written by F. J. Loss and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes progress in a cooperative research program between the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and NRL on the fracture toughness of steels for nuclear reactor pressure vessels. For its contribution EPRI furnished a major protion of the materials and test specimens for the study by NRL. The program is also being conducted in collaboration with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, and the Office of Naval Research. Related NRC sponsored work of broader scope is underway at NRL. A portion of the NRC work pertaining to the fracture toughness of nuclear pressure boundary materials is also reported here because of its relevance to the subject effort. The principal objectives of this program are: (1) to characterize the dynamic fracture initiation toughness K sub Id of three heats of LWR pressure vessel steel, (2) to develop experimental and analytical techniques for the interpretation and analysis of notched, three-point bend specimen behavior under impact loading, and (3) to assess the validity of plane strain K sub Id values as projected from the elastic plastic (J integral) analysis of smaller specimens. The present report describes progress in the dynamic toughness assessment of program materials by means of 1-in. (25mm) bend and precracked Charpy-V specimens. Also described is a one-dimensional, theoretical characterization of the forces and bending moments developed during impact of a notched beam. (Author).
Download or read book Biaxial Loading Effects on Fracture Toughness of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel, NUREG/CR-6273, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Agency, March 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : DE. McCabe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Application of Small Specimens to Fracture Mechanics Characterization of Irradiated Pressure Vessel Steels written by DE. McCabe and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, precracked Charpy V-notch (PCVN) specimens were used to characterize the fracture toughness of unirradiated and irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels in the transition region by means of three-point static bending. Fracture toughness at cleavage instability was calculated in terms of elastic-plastic KJc values. A statistical size correction based upon weakest-link theory was performed. The concept of a master curve was applied to analyze fracture toughness properties. Initially, size-corrected PCVN data from A 533 grade B steel, designated HSST Plate 02, were used to position the master curve and a 5% tolerance bound for KJc data. By converting PCVN data to 1T compact specimen equivalent KJc data, the same master curve and 5% tolerance bound curve were plotted against the Electric Power Research Institute valid linear-elastic KIc database and the ASME lower bound KIc curve. Comparison shows that the master curve positioned by testing several PCVN specimens describes very well the massive fracture toughness database of large specimens. These results give strong support to the validity of KJc. with respect to KIc in general and to the applicability of PCVN specimens to measure fracture toughness of reactor vessel steels in particular. Finally, irradiated PCVN specimens of other materials were tested, and the results are compared to compact specimen data. The current results show that PCVNs demonstrate very good capacity for fracture toughness characterization of reactor pressure vessel steels. It provides an opportunity for direct measurement of fracture toughness of irradiated materials by means of precracking and testing Charpy specimens from surveillance capsules. However, size limits based on constraint theory restrict the operational test temperature range for KJc data from PCVN specimens.
