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The Effect And Mechanisms Of A Homogeneous Combustion Catalyst In The Reduction Of Emissions From Diesel Combustion In Compression Ignition Engines
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Book Synopsis The Effect and Mechanisms of a Homogeneous Combustion Catalyst in the Reduction of Emissions from Diesel Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines by : You Ma
Download or read book The Effect and Mechanisms of a Homogeneous Combustion Catalyst in the Reduction of Emissions from Diesel Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines written by You Ma and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ferrous picrate based homogeneous combustion catalyst has shown significant effectiveness in improving the fuel economies in compression ignition (diesel) engines. However, there has been a lack of knowledge of the effect and the working mechanisms of the catalyst in reducing the pollutant emissions, which has hindered the widespread application of the catalytic technology in diesel engines. The present research aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of the ferrous picrate catalyst in emission reductions from diesel engines and to further the understanding of the mechanisms behind the catalytic effect in diesel combustion processes. More specifically, this thesis work has successfully addressed the following specific research objectives: To confirm and quantify the effect of the catalyst in improving fuel consumptions and reducing pollutant emissions (UHC, CO, NOx and smoke) from a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel; To investigate the effect of the catalyst on the key characteristics of soot particles from diesel engine combustions, including soot oxidation properties, soot nanostructure and particle size, soot chemical and elemental compositions; To ascertain the morphology and the ultimate fate of iron in the catalyst during diesel combustion process; and To reveal the mechanisms of the working of the catalyst in diesel soot formation during the combustion processes. To assess the effectiveness of the catalyst, a series of tests was performed on a laboratory diesel engine and a large-scale diesel engine facility as a function of engine speed, load and catalyst dosage. The beneficial effects were also examined with the engine fuelled with biodiesel fuel to realise the full potential of the catalyst. The tests consistently demonstrated a fuel saving of 1.1% - 3.8% over the range of conditions examined. The mechanisms of the catalyst in diesel engine combustions were studied by determining the differences in the characteristics of soot particles using a combination of several advanced analytical techniques, including TGA, SEM/TEM-EDS, FT-IR, NMR and elemental analyser. The evolution of iron in the catalyst during diesel combustion was also investigated to provide additional evidence for the understanding of the role of the catalyst in diesel combustion processes. Laboratory diesel engine tests with diesel fuel have showed the addition of the catalyst was able to reduce up to 39.5% smoke, 22.5% CO and 15.3% unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), as well as 3.8% specific fuel consumptions. As a consequence of the improved combustion efficiency, NOx was found to be elevated by up to 8.3% under the experimental conditions. Results from large-scale diesel engine tests showed that the use of the catalyst reduced up to 20.7% CO and 22.8% UHC at the cost of 5.3% increase in NOx. In biodiesel combustion, the smoke, CO and UHC emissions were reduced by up to 24.4%, 17.3% and 3.8% with the fuel consumptions saved by up to 2.8%, by the addition of the catalyst. It was also found that the NOx and CO2 from the biodiesel combustion were increased by up to 4.5% and 2.5% due to the enhanced combustion efficiency associated with the use of the catalyst...
Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set by : Jinyue Yan
Download or read book Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set written by Jinyue Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 4038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.
Book Synopsis A Homogenous Combustion Catalyst for Fuel Efficiency Improvements in Diesel Engines Fuelled with Diesel and Biodiesel by : Mingming Zhu
Download or read book A Homogenous Combustion Catalyst for Fuel Efficiency Improvements in Diesel Engines Fuelled with Diesel and Biodiesel written by Mingming Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] The ferrous picrate based homogeneous combustion catalyst has been claimed to promote diesel combustion and improve fuel efficiency in diesel engines. However, the reported fuel savings were controversial. Moreover, a lack of understanding of the working mechanism of the catalyst in diesel combustion processes so far has hindered its widespread applica-tion. On the other hand, the effect of the catalyst on biodiesel combustion has never been scientifically studied and presents a new area regarding the application of the catalyst. The present research aims to systematically study the effect of the catalyst on the fuel efficiency of diesel and biodiesel in diesel engines and to understand its working mechanisms. The specific objectives of this research include a systematic study on the effect of the catalyst on fuel efficiency and combustion characteristics of diesel and biodiesel in diesel engines, an investigation into the working mechanisms of the catalyst in diesel and bio-diesel combustion processes through both experimental and mathematical modelling studies on single droplets, and a study on the chemical kinetic effect of iron atoms on the diesel combustion processes. To accomplish these objectives, the influence of the catalyst on fuel efficiency of diesel and biodiesel as a function of engine speed, load and catalyst dosing ratio was first studied using both a laboratory small single cylinder engine and a large industrial scale four cylinders engine. Then both mathematical modelling and experi-mental studies on the combustion characteristics, including ignition delay periods, burnout time, burning rates and flame temperature, of single droplets of diesel and biodiesel were performed. Lastly, a kinetic modelling study of the effect of iron on the ignition and combustion characteristics of diesel was carried out using CHEMKIN PRO. Diesel engine tests have shown that the use of the catalyst reduced the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Up to 4.2% fuel saving in the small laboratory diesel engine and up to 5.6% in the large industrial scale diesel engine under tested conditions were achieved. The reduction of the BSFC was greater at light loads. In addition, the use of the catalyst reduced the BSFC of the biodiesel up to 2.8% under the tested conditions. It has been found that the addition of the catalyst shortened the ignition delay and combustion duration of diesel and biodiesel in the engine, resulting in slightly higher peak cylinder pressures and faster heat release rates. The study of combustion characteristics of single droplets has indicated that the catalyst shortened the burnout time, increased the burning rate and flame temperature of the drop-lets of both diesel and biodiesel. At the catalyst dosing ratio of 1:10000 (by volume) in the diesel and biodiesel, the flame temperatures of the catalyst dosed droplets were about 40K-50K higher than those of the droplets without the catalyst while the burning rate was 0.05-0.1 mm2s-1 higher. With the assistance of flame emissions spectroscopy, iron atoms were detected to present in the flame of the combustion of the catalyst and it was found that the pure ferrous picrate decomposed at approximately 523K using thermogravimetric analysis...
Book Synopsis Particulate Emissions from Vehicles by : Peter Eastwood
Download or read book Particulate Emissions from Vehicles written by Peter Eastwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public health risks posed by automotive particulate emissions are well known. Such particles are sufficiently small to reach the deepest regions of the lungs; and moreover act as carriers for many potentially toxic substances. Historically, diesel engines have been singled out in this regard, but recent research shows the need to consider particulate emissions from gasoline engines as well. Already implicated in more than one respiratory disease, the strongest evidence in recent times points to particle-mediated cardiovascular disorders (strokes and heart attacks). Accordingly, legislation limiting particulate emissions is becoming increasingly stringent, placing great pressure on the automotive industry to produce cleaner vehicles - pressure only heightened by the ever-increasing number of cars on our roads. Particulate Emissions from Vehicles addresses a field of increased international interest and research activity; discusses the impact of new legislation globally on the automotive industry; and explains new ways of measuring particle size, number and composition that are currently under development. The expert analysis and summary of the state-of-the-art, which encompasses the key areas of combustion performance, measurement techniques and toxicology, will appeal to R&D practitioners and engineers working in the automotive industry and related mechanical fields, as well as postgraduate students and researchers of engine technology, air pollution and life/ environmental science. The public health aspects will also appeal to the biomedical research community.
Book Synopsis Advances in Internal Combustion Engine Research by : Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava
Download or read book Advances in Internal Combustion Engine Research written by Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses all aspects of advanced engine technologies, and describes the role of alternative fuels and solution-based modeling studies in meeting the increasingly higher standards of the automotive industry. By promoting research into more efficient and environment-friendly combustion technologies, it helps enable researchers to develop higher-power engines with lower fuel consumption, emissions, and noise levels. Over the course of 12 chapters, it covers research in areas such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion and control strategies, the use of alternative fuels and additives in combination with new combustion technology and novel approaches to recover the pumping loss in the spark ignition engine. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.
Book Synopsis NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines by : B. Ashok
Download or read book NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines written by B. Ashok and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Book Synopsis Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Control of Hydrocarbon Aerosols from Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion by :
Download or read book Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Control of Hydrocarbon Aerosols from Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) is a novel combustion process that utilizes two fuels with different reactivity to stage and control combustion and enable homogeneous combustion. The technique has been proven experimentally in previous work with diesel and gasoline fuels; low NOx emissions and high efficiencies were observed from RCCI in comparison to conventional combustion. In previous studies on a multi-cylinder engine, particulate matter (PM) emission measurements from RCCI suggested that hydrocarbons were a major component of the PM mass. Further studies were conducted on this multi-cylinder engine platform to characterize the PM emissions in more detail and understand the effect of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) on the hydrocarbon-dominated PM emissions. Results from the study show that the DOC can effectively reduce the hydrocarbon emissions as well as the overall PM from RCCI combustion. The bimodal size distribution of PM from RCCI is altered by the DOC which reduces the smaller mode 10 nm size particles.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines by : Richard Stone
Download or read book Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines written by Richard Stone and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-16 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its fourth edition, this textbook remains the indispensable text to guide readers through automotive or mechanical engineering, both at university and beyond. Thoroughly updated, clear, comprehensive and well-illustrated, with a wealth of worked examples and problems, its combination of theory and applied practice aids in the understanding of internal combustion engines, from thermodynamics and combustion to fluid mechanics and materials science. This textbook is aimed at third year undergraduate or postgraduate students on mechanical or automotive engineering degrees. New to this Edition: - Fully updated for changes in technology in this fast-moving area - New material on direct injection spark engines, supercharging and renewable fuels - Solutions manual online for lecturers
Book Synopsis HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry by : Hua Zhao
Download or read book HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry written by Hua Zhao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-10 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)/controlled auto-ignition (CAI) has emerged as one of the most promising engine technologies with the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance, offering reduced nitrous oxides and particulate matter alongside efficiency comparable with modern diesel engines. Despite the considerable advantages, its operational range is rather limited and controlling the combustion (timing of ignition and rate of energy release) is still an area of on-going research. Commercial applications are, however, close to reality. HCCI a.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of the Potential Impact of Combustion Research on Internal Combustion Engine Emissions and Fuel Consumption. Final Report by : Jack L. Kerrebrock
Download or read book An Assessment of the Potential Impact of Combustion Research on Internal Combustion Engine Emissions and Fuel Consumption. Final Report written by Jack L. Kerrebrock and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on Direct Injection Diesel Combustion and Emissions by : Brian Eric Hallgren
Download or read book Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on Direct Injection Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Brian Eric Hallgren and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines by : Fred Schäfer
Download or read book Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines written by Fred Schäfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last several years, there has been much discussion on the interrelation of CO2 emissions with the global warming phenomenon. This in turn has increased pressure to develop and produce more fuel efficient engines and vehicles. This is the central topic of this book. It covers the underlying processes which cause pollutant emissions and the possibilities of reducing them, as well as the fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel engines, including direct injection diesel engines. As well as the engine-related causes of pollution, which is found in the raw exhaust, there is also a description of systems and methods for exhaust post treatment. The significant influence of fuels and lubricants (both conventional and alternative fuels) on emission behavior is also covered. In addition to the conventional gasoline and diesel engines, lean-burn and direct injection gasoline engines and two-stroke gasoline and diesel engines are included. The potential for reducing fuel consumption and pollution is described as well as the related reduction of CO2 emissions. Finally, a detailed summary of the most important laws and regulations pertaining to pollutant emissions and consumption limits is presented. This book is intended for practising engineers involved in research and applied sciences as well as for interested engineering students.
Book Synopsis Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines by : Basha, J. Sadhik
Download or read book Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines written by Basha, J. Sadhik and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s global context, there has been extensive research conducted in reducing harmful emissions to conserve and protect our environment. In the automobile and power generation industries, diesel engines are being utilized due to their high level of performance and fuel economy. However, these engines are producing harmful pollutants that contribute to several global threats including greenhouse gases and ozone layer depletion. Professionals have begun developing techniques to improve the performance and reduce emissions of diesel engines, but significant research is lacking in this area. Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on technical and environmental enhancements to the emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engines. While highlighting topics such as biodiesel emulsions, nanoparticle additives, and mathematical modeling, this publication explores the potential additives that have been incorporated into the performance of diesel engines in order to positively affect the environment. This book is ideally designed for chemical and electrical engineers, developers, researchers, power generation professionals, mechanical practitioners, scholars, ecologists, scientists, graduate students, and academicians seeking current research on modern innovations in fuel processing and environmental pollution control.
Book Synopsis Advanced Combustion for Sustainable Transport by : Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Download or read book Advanced Combustion for Sustainable Transport written by Avinash Kumar Agarwal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-12 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on advanced combustion technologies currently employed in internal combustion engines. It discusses different strategies for improving conventional diesel combustion. The volume includes chapters on low-temperature combustion techniques of compression-ignition engines which results in significant reduction of NOx and soot emissions. The content also highlights newly evolved gasoline compression technology and optical techniques in advanced gasoline direct injection engines. the research and its outcomes presented here highlight advancements in combustion technologies, analysing various issues related to in-cylinder combustion, pollutant formation and alternative fuels. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine combustion research.
Book Synopsis Effect of Ignition and Combustion on Diesel Engine Emissions by : Derek T. Galligan
Download or read book Effect of Ignition and Combustion on Diesel Engine Emissions written by Derek T. Galligan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel Engine written by Saiful Bari and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engines, also known as CI engines, possess a wide field of applications as energy converters because of their higher efficiency. However, diesel engines are a major source of NOX and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Because of its importance, five chapters in this book have been devoted to the formulation and control of these pollutants. The world is currently experiencing an oil crisis. Gaseous fuels like natural gas, pure hydrogen gas, biomass-based and coke-based syngas can be considered as alternative fuels for diesel engines. Their combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics are described in this book. Reliable early detection of malfunction and failure of any parts in diesel engines can save the engine from failing completely and save high repair cost. Tools are discussed in this book to detect common failure modes of diesel engine that can detect early signs of failure.
