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The Disproportionate Representation Of Racial Minorities In The Criminal Justice System Of Washington State
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Book Synopsis The Disproportionate Representation of Racial Minorities in the Criminal Justice System of Washington State by : Washington Council on Crime and Delinquency
Download or read book The Disproportionate Representation of Racial Minorities in the Criminal Justice System of Washington State written by Washington Council on Crime and Delinquency and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disproportionate Minority Contact and Racism in the US by : Ketchum, Paul R.
Download or read book Disproportionate Minority Contact and Racism in the US written by Ketchum, Paul R. and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) refers to the proportional overrepresentation of minority youth at each step of the juvenile justice system. This book addresses the issue of color-blind racism through an examination of the circular logic used by the juvenile justice system to criminalize non-White youth. Drawing on original data, including interviews with court and probation officers and juvenile self-reports, the authors call for a need to understand racial and ethnic inequality in the juvenile justice system from a structural perspective rather than simply at the level of individual bias. This unique research will contribute to larger discussions on how race operates in the United States.
Book Synopsis America Becoming by : National Research Council
Download or read book America Becoming written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-25 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. In large part, we have thrown out the antiquated notions of the 1800s, giving way to a more realistic, sociocultural view of the world. The United States is, perhaps more than any other industrialized country, distinguished by the size and diversity of its racial and ethnic minority populations. Current trends promise that these features will endure. Fifty years from now, there will most likely be no single majority group in the United States. How will we fare as a nation when race-based issues such as immigration, job opportunities, and affirmative action are already so contentious today? In America Becoming, leading scholars and commentators explore past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. This volume presents the most up-to-date findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research. It examines compelling issues in the field of race relations, including: Race and ethnicity in criminal justice. Demographic and social trends for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Trends in minority-owned businesses. Wealth, welfare, and racial stratification. Residential segregation and the meaning of "neighborhood." Disparities in educational test scores among races and ethnicities. Health and development for minority children, adolescents, and adults. Race and ethnicity in the labor market, including the role of minorities in America's military. Immigration and the dynamics of race and ethnicity. The changing meaning of race. Changing racial attitudes. This collection of papers, compiled and edited by distinguished leaders in the behavioral and social sciences, represents the most current literature in the field. Volume 1 covers demographic trends, immigration, racial attitudes, and the geography of opportunity. Volume 2 deals with the criminal justice system, the labor market, welfare, and health trends, Both books will be of great interest to educators, scholars, researchers, students, social scientists, and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Book Synopsis Our Children, Their Children by : Darnell F. Hawkins
Download or read book Our Children, Their Children written by Darnell F. Hawkins and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Our Children, Their Children, a prominent team of researchers argues that a second-rate and increasingly punitive juvenile justice system is allowed to persist because most people believe it is designed for children in other ethnic and socioeconomic groups. While public opinion, laws, and social policies that convey distinctions between "our children" and "their children" may seem to conflict with the American ideal of blind justice, they are hardly at odds with patterns of group differentiation and inequality that have characterized much of American history. Our Children, Their Children provides a state-of-the-science examination of racial and ethnic disparities in the American juvenile justice system. Here, contributors document the precise magnitude of these disparities, seek to determine their causes, and propose potential solutions. In addition to race and ethnicity, contributors also look at the effects on juvenile justice of suburban sprawl, the impact of family and neighborhood, bias in postarrest decisions, and mental health issues. Assessing the implications of these differences for public policy initiatives and legal reforms, this volume is the first critical summary of what is known and unknown in this important area of social research.
Book Synopsis Disproportionate Minority Confinement, 2002 Update by : Heidi M. Hsia
Download or read book Disproportionate Minority Confinement, 2002 Update written by Heidi M. Hsia and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Racism in the Criminal Justice System by : University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology
Download or read book Racism in the Criminal Justice System written by University of Toronto. Centre of Criminology and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biennial Report by : Washington State Minority and Justice Commission
Download or read book Biennial Report written by Washington State Minority and Justice Commission and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Seattle University. School of Law. Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :28 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (73 download)
Book Synopsis Preliminary Report on Race and Washington's Criminal Justice System by : Seattle University. School of Law. Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality
Download or read book Preliminary Report on Race and Washington's Criminal Justice System written by Seattle University. School of Law. Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : National Research Council
Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309467136 Total Pages :409 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Proactive Policing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Proactive Policing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Book Synopsis Color behind Bars by : Scott W. Bowman
Download or read book Color behind Bars written by Scott W. Bowman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diverse, critical analysis of racial and ethnic disparities within the American criminal justice system that encourages critical thinking by providing various sides to the issues. Low-income African Americans, Latin Americans, and American Indians bear the statistical brunt of policing, death penalty verdicts, and sentencing disparities in the United States. Why does this long-standing inequity exist in a country where schoolchildren are taught to expect "justice for all"? The original essays in this two-volume set not only examine the deep-rooted issues and lay out theories as to why racism remains a problem in our prison system, but they also provide potential solutions to the problem. The work gives a broad, multicultural overview of the history of overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in our prison system, examining white/black disparities as well as racism and issues of ethnic-based discrimination concerning other ethnic minorities. This up-to-date resource is ideally suited for undergraduate students who are enrolled in criminal justice or racial/ethnic studies classes and general readers interested in the U.S. criminal justice system.
Book Synopsis Public Opinion on the Disproportionate Representation of Blacks and Hispanics in the Criminal Justice System by : Matthew S. Nelson
Download or read book Public Opinion on the Disproportionate Representation of Blacks and Hispanics in the Criminal Justice System written by Matthew S. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Children's Human Rights by : Mark Ensalaco
Download or read book Children's Human Rights written by Mark Ensalaco and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2005-06-22 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's human rights are regularly violated around the world. We hear about graphic examples including child soldiers, child prostitutes, and children sold into slavery, but hungry, sick, and orphaned children are equally at risk and more prevalent. In the United States, children suffer similar abuses, but some are unique to the U.S. justice system. Unlike most of the rest of the world, the U.S. is a well-developed western nation in which juvenile offenders can be tried as adults and sentenced to death. This book brings together a wide array of original essays from a variety of academic and practitioner perspectives on human rights and the status of children. The details are disturbing; the message, powerful: We must vigorously extend the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the most vulnerable humans of all—the children of the world, starting at home in the United States.
Book Synopsis Racial Issues in Criminal Justice by : Marvin D. Free
Download or read book Racial Issues in Criminal Justice written by Marvin D. Free and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Race and Crime by : Shaun L. Gabbidon
Download or read book Race and Crime written by Shaun L. Gabbidon and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Second Edition of the popular Race and Crime addresses two major goals. First, the text examines the history of how racial and ethnic groups (including African Americans/Blacks, Asian Americans, Latinos/Latinas, Native Americans, and Whites) intersect with the U.S. criminal justice system. Second, the authors investigate key contemporary issues relevant to understanding the current state of race/ethnicity and crime in the United States. To achieve these goals, Race and Crime studies the historical background and current issues in the context of policing, courts, sentencing, juvenile justice, and corrections."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Racial Divide written by Michael J. Lynch and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology provides a balanced assessment of whether the American criminal justice system is guilty of bias in its treatment of racial and ethnic minorities. Contexts in which this question is explored include: policing and perceptions of police, sentencing, prison populations, racial profiling and forensic sciences.the diverse theories on disparities in the criminal justice process;evidence of racial prejudice in policing;African-American citizens' and police officers' perceptions of police bias;disparities in sentencing;differential sentencing patterns among juvenile drug offenders;minority overrepresentation in the prison population;the application of the death penalty;racial profiling of white customers in retail stores;misuse of race and racial identification in the forensic sciences;residents' proximity to environmental hazards and enforcement of environmental regulations
