The Direct And Indirect Effects Of Predators On Coral Reef Fish Assemblages

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The Direct and Indirect Effects of Predators on Coral Reef Fish Assemblages

Author : Brian Zgliczynski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321622058
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis The Direct and Indirect Effects of Predators on Coral Reef Fish Assemblages by : Brian Zgliczynski

Download or read book The Direct and Indirect Effects of Predators on Coral Reef Fish Assemblages written by Brian Zgliczynski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The removal of apex predators is widely recognized to have broad ecological consequences for terrestrial and aquatic communities. In marine systems, the direct effects of fisheries exploitation include altering the community standing stock (biomass), species composition, and size-structure of the fish assemblage. Although the direct effects of fisheries exploitation are well documented, there is increasing evidence that the non-lethal effects of predation can also strongly influence the structure and function of ecological communities. In this dissertation I set out to increase our understanding of the effects of predators on coral reef fish assemblages by conducting a series of large-scale natural experiments across groups of Pacific islands spanning gradients of human population density and oceanographic productivity within four distinct geopolitical regions. My dissertation research reveals striking evidence for the effects of fisheries exploitation and oceanographic productivity on coral reef fish assemblages in three key areas. First, I found strong evidence that the effects of fisheries exploitation are not restricted to large-bodied species from higher-trophic levels but are realized throughout the entire fish assemblage and across multiple trophic groups. Importantly, I show that multiple forms of fisheries exploitation may be present on coral reefs, indicating the complex nature of coral reef fisheries. Second, I show strong evidence of biophysical coupling with gradients of oceanographic productivity and alterations in predatory fish abundance on the body condition, growth rates, maximum size, and longevity of coral reef fishes. I also observe a breakdown of natural coupling at inhabited islands, suggesting that local human impacts are capable of homogenizing life history traits of fishes even when strong environmental gradients are present. Third, I show that the trophic structure of coral reef fish assemblages are more tightly linked to changes in oceanographic productivity than to predatory fish abundance. I observed trophic channeling, a process by which different basal sources of energy entering the system can remain isolated on coral reefs forming distinct pathways up through the food web to top-level carnivores. In summary, my dissertation provides important insight into the mechanisms that structure marine communities and the direct and indirect effects of removing predators from marine ecosystems.

The Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on Reef Fish Assemblages

Author : Harry Allard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis The Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on Reef Fish Assemblages by : Harry Allard

Download or read book The Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on Reef Fish Assemblages written by Harry Allard and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine reserves are established to protect marine ecosystems from fishing, allowing harvested fishes to recover: these are the "direct effects" of protection. However, changes may also occur among species not typically exposed to fishing mortality, via "indirect effects" . Most marine reserve studies have focused on direct effects, and the prevalence and relative importance of indirect effects is poorly understood. Understanding both direct and indirect effects is key to understanding how fishing affects wider fish assemblages. To investigate the direct and indirect effects of marine reserve protection on reef fish assemblages I examined monitoring data from four northeastern New Zealand marine reserves. This long-term analysis also provided a wider assessment of how reef fish have changed over the last 2-4 decades in this region. Across all reserves examined, the large predatory sparid Chrysophrys auratus responded strongly to protection. This response was hypothesised to drive indirect effects on other species, as a result of increased predation, competition, or predator-induced habitat changes. Long-term changes in reef fish assemblages in New Zealand's oldest marine reserve at Leigh suggested that along with direct effects on six targeted species, snapper recovery had indirect effects on three small-bodied non-target fishes and one herbivorous fish. Comparisons across three reserves revealed that the potential indirect effects identified in Leigh were not ubiquitous. While direct effects on target species like snapper and cheilodactylid Cheilodactylus spectabilis were largely predictable, potential indirect effects were more location-specific and difficult to differentiate from the effects of environmental gradients. At an offshore island marine reserve, with a more speciose temperate-subtropical fish fauna, potential indirect effects existed for just 3 wrasses, despite dramatic direct effects of protection on snapper. There was no evidence of tropicalisation of fish assemblages at this offshore island marine reserve over the last two decades. This study demonstrated that while protected fish assemblages are distinct, this is mostly driven by the recovery of harvested species. Potential indirect effects of long-term protection were identified, but were rarely consistent across multiple reserves. Trophic links between reef fishes appear weak, and the role of indirect effects is likely overwhelmed by the direct effects of fishing.

Indirect Effects of Fishing on Predators and Their Prey

Author : Christopher Derek Stallings
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Indirect Effects of Fishing on Predators and Their Prey by : Christopher Derek Stallings

Download or read book Indirect Effects of Fishing on Predators and Their Prey written by Christopher Derek Stallings and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predators are fundamentally important for regulating and driving prey population dynamics as well as structuring ecological communities. Over-exploitation of marine resources has caused dramatic depletions of predatory fish species and shifts in marine community composition, with attendant declines in productivity and diversity of marine ecosystems. Despite the important ramifications of these patterns for humankind, the specific ecological mechanisms and potential indirect effects underlying these trends have been largely unexplored. I combined small-scale experiments and broad-scale observations to investigate how fishing can affect interactions among predators and subsequently be transferred to interactions between predators and their prey. Previous observations had indicated that small, unfished predators increase in abundance on reefs where large, fished predators are removed. To test the effects of such shifts in relative abundance of different predatory fishes on community structure of lower trophic-level species, I manipulated the presence of fished and unfished predatory species on coral patch reefs in the Bahamas. This controlled field experiment demonstrated that different predatory fishes, which are often assumed to have similar effects on prey species, in fact had remarkably different effects on prey diversity and abundance. In a second field experiment, I found that increased abundance of a large, fished predatory species on coral reefs decreased the activity and growth of smaller, unfished predators. Although small, unfished predators had strong, negative effects on lower trophic-level prey on reefs with low abundances of larger, fished predators, these effects were reduced with increasing abundance of the fished species. Lastly, I used observational data from volunteer SCUBA-diver surveys to investigate how the structure of predatory fish communities on coral reefs across the greater Caribbean region has been affected by fishing. I used density of human populations as a proxy for fishing intensity. I found that, as human density increases, overall predator abundance and diversity decreases, and reef communities became dominated by only a few, small species. This research indicates that the effects of fishing on larger predatory species can permeate throughout ecological communities, well beyond simple reductions in the abundance of fished species. In light of these community-wide effects, ecosystem-based approaches are necessary for successful management of fisheries and conservation of coral reefs.

Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs

Author : Camilo Mora
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316300145
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs by : Camilo Mora

Download or read book Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs written by Camilo Mora and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The local diversity and global richness of coral reef fishes, along with the diversity manifested in their morphology, behaviour and ecology, provides fascinating and diverse opportunities for study. Reflecting the very latest research in a broad and ever-growing field, this comprehensive guide is a must-read for anyone interested in the ecology of fishes on coral reefs. Featuring contributions from leaders in the field, the 36 chapters cover the full spectrum of current research. They are presented in five parts, considering coral reef fishes in the context of ecology, patterns and processes, human intervention and impacts, conservation, and past and current debates. Beautifully illustrated in full-colour, this book is designed to summarise and help build upon current knowledge and to facilitate further research. It is an ideal resource for those new to the field as well as for experienced researchers.

The Structure of Coral Reef Fish Assemblages

Author : Myra Joy Shulman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure of Coral Reef Fish Assemblages by : Myra Joy Shulman

Download or read book The Structure of Coral Reef Fish Assemblages written by Myra Joy Shulman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Direct and Indirect Effects of Fish Predation on Fresh-water Littoral Benthos

Author : Thomas Hanson Martin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Direct and Indirect Effects of Fish Predation on Fresh-water Littoral Benthos by : Thomas Hanson Martin

Download or read book Direct and Indirect Effects of Fish Predation on Fresh-water Littoral Benthos written by Thomas Hanson Martin and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Coral Health and Disease

Author : Eugene Rosenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540207726
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Coral Health and Disease by : Eugene Rosenberg

Download or read book Coral Health and Disease written by Eugene Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-04-27 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book opens with case studies of reefs in the Red Sea, Caribbean, Japan, Indian Ocean and the Great Barrier Reef. A section on microbial ecology and physiology describes the symbiotic relations of corals and microbes, and the microbial role in nutrition or bleaching resistance of corals. Coral diseases are covered in the third part. The volume includes 50 color photos of corals and their environments

The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs

Author : Peter F. Sale
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080925510
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs by : Peter F. Sale

Download or read book The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs written by Peter F. Sale and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the ecology of coral reef fishes presented by top researchers from North America and Australia. Immense strides have been made over the past twenty years in our understanding of ecological systems in general and of reef fish ecology in particular. Many of the methodologies that reef fish ecologists use in their studies will be useful to a wider audience of ecologists for the design of their ecological studies. Significant among the impacts of the research on reef fish ecology are the development of nonequilibrium models of community organization, more emphasis on the role of recruitment variability in structuring local assemblages, the development and testing of evolutionary models of social organization and reproductive biology, and new insights into predator-prey and plant-herbivore interactions.

Priority Effects and the Dynamics of Coral Reef Fish Assemblages

Author : Davina E. Poulos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Priority Effects and the Dynamics of Coral Reef Fish Assemblages by : Davina E. Poulos

Download or read book Priority Effects and the Dynamics of Coral Reef Fish Assemblages written by Davina E. Poulos and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries

Author : Paul J. B. Hart
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405123222
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries by : Paul J. B. Hart

Download or read book Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries written by Paul J. B. Hart and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent decades have witnessed strong declines in fish stocks aroundthe globe, amid growing concerns about the impact of fisheries onmarine and freshwater biodiversity. Fisheries biologists andmanagers are therefore increasingly asking about aspects ofecology, behaviour, evolution and biodiversity that weretraditionally studied by people working in very separate fields.This has highlighted the need to work more closely together, inorder to help ensure future success both in management andconservation. The Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries has beenwritten by an international team of scientists and practitioners,to provide an overview of the biology of freshwater and marine fishspecies together with the science that supports fisheriesmanagement and conservation. This volume, subtitled Fish Biology, reviews a broadvariety of topics from evolutionary relationships and globalbiogeography to physiology, recruitment, life histories, genetics,foraging behaviour, reproductive behaviour and community ecology.The second volume, subtitled Fisheries, uses much of thisinformation in a wide-ranging review of fisheries biology,including methods of capture, marketing, economics, stockassessment, forecasting, ecosystem impacts and conservation. Together, these books present the state of the art in ourunderstanding of fish biology and fisheries and will serve asvaluable references for undergraduates and graduates looking for acomprehensive source on a wide variety of topics in fisheriesscience. They will also be useful to researchers who needup-to-date reviews of topics that impinge on their fields, anddecision makers who need to appreciate the scientific backgroundfor management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems. To order volume I, go to the box in the top right hand corner.Alternatively to order volume II, go to:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=063206482X or toorder the 2 volume set, go to:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=0632064838. Provides a unique overview of the study of fish biology andecology, and the assessment and management of fish populations andecosystems. The first volume concentrates on aspects of fish biology andecology, both at the individual and population levels, whilst thesecond volume addresses the assessment and management of fishpopulations and ecosystems. Written by an international team of expert scientists andpractitioners. An invaluable reference tool for both students, researchers andpractitioners working in the fields of fish biology andfisheries.

Predation, Prey Refuges, and the Structure of Coral-reef Fish Assemblages

Author : Mark A. Hixon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (786 download)

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Book Synopsis Predation, Prey Refuges, and the Structure of Coral-reef Fish Assemblages by : Mark A. Hixon

Download or read book Predation, Prey Refuges, and the Structure of Coral-reef Fish Assemblages written by Mark A. Hixon and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings of the Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs, Health, Hazards and History

Author : Robert N. Ginsburg
Publisher : Atlantic Reef Committee
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs, Health, Hazards and History by : Robert N. Ginsburg

Download or read book Proceedings of the Colloquium on Global Aspects of Coral Reefs, Health, Hazards and History written by Robert N. Ginsburg and published by Atlantic Reef Committee. This book was released on 1994 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effects of the Invasive Pacific Red Lionfish Pterois Volitans on Native Atlantic Coral-reef Fish Communities

Author : Mark A. Albins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of the Invasive Pacific Red Lionfish Pterois Volitans on Native Atlantic Coral-reef Fish Communities by : Mark A. Albins

Download or read book Effects of the Invasive Pacific Red Lionfish Pterois Volitans on Native Atlantic Coral-reef Fish Communities written by Mark A. Albins and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predatory lionfishes (Pterois volitans and P. miles) were introduced to Florida waters during the mid to late 1980s, and eventually established self-sustaining breeding populations in the tropical western Atlantic. These invasive species are now widespread along the southeastern seaboard of the United States, across the Caribbean Sea, and in the Gulf of Mexico. In these regions, lionfish reach larger maximum sizes and higher abundances than they do in their native Pacific, suggesting that they have undergone ecological release. Invaded marine communities have thus far provided little if any biotic resistance. Lionfish are generalist predators with high consumption rates, inhabit a broad range of habitats, are defended from predation by venomous spines, and are capable of long-range larval dispersal. It is possible that lionfish have direct effects on native communities, through consumption of native fishes and competition with native predators, as well as indirect effects, such as overconsumption of herbivorous fishes that prevent seaweeds from outcompeting reef-building corals. There is also serious concern that invasive lionfish could act additively, or even synergistically, with existing stressors of coral-reef systems, such as overfishing and ocean warming, resulting in substantial negative consequences for native ecosystems and economically valuable fisheries. The primary goal of this dissertation was to conduct a set of controlled, replicated field experiments to rigorously examine and measure the effects of lionfish on native reef-fish communities across a range of spatial and temporal scales. In the first experiment (Chapter 2), the net recruitment of native fishes to twenty small patch reefs was compared in the presence (n = 10) and absence (n = 10) of lionfish. This study demonstrated that lionfish reduced net recruitment, or change in abundance of small native fishes, by an average (± SEM) of 78.9 ± 32.2 % over 5 weeks, affecting 23 of 38 species recruiting to reefs in both treatments. In a second experiment (Chapter 4), I examined the effects of lionfish on patch-reef communities of small native fishes relative to, and in combination with, those of a similarly sized native predator, the coney grouper (Cephalopholis fulva). Four different predator treatments were established by transplanting predators (n = 5 reefs each). Treatments included a single small invasive lionfish, a single small native grouper, a grouper and a lionfish together, and predator-free controls. Compared to controls, invasive lionfish caused reductions (mean ± SEM) in abundance (93.7 ± 17.8 %) and species richness (4.6 ± 1.6 species) of small native fishes. The negative effect of lionfish on abundance was 2.6 ± 0.5 times stronger than that of the native grouper. The greatest negative effects on abundance, species richness, evenness, and diversity of native fishes occurred when both lionfish and native grouper were present. Additionally, lionfish grew more than six times faster in both length and mass than did native grouper. A third experiment (Chapter 6) assessed the effects of lionfish on native reef-fish communities at spatial and temporal scales directly relevant to management and conservation efforts. Subsequent to baseline surveys, high- and low-density lionfish treatments were established on 10 large (1400 to 4000 m2) isolated coral reefs. After initiation of treatments, quarterly surveys of the native reef-fish communities were conducted for approximately 14 months. Lionfish caused significant reductions (mean ± SEM) in density (up to 3.22 ± 0.95 fish m−2), biomass (3.26 ± 1.10 g m−2), and species richness (4.92 ± 2.09 species) of small (

Trophic Cascades

Author : John Terborgh
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1597268194
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Trophic Cascades by : John Terborgh

Download or read book Trophic Cascades written by John Terborgh and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-06-25 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically disrupted by human interventions—for example, when wolves and cougars are removed, allowing deer and beaver to become destructive—yet have only recently begun to be considered in the development of conservation and management strategies. Trophic Cascades is the first comprehensive presentation of the science on this subject. It brings together some of the world’s leading scientists and researchers to explain the importance of large animals in regulating ecosystems, and to relate that scientific knowledge to practical conservation. Chapters examine trophic cascades across the world’s major biomes, including intertidal habitats, coastal oceans, lakes, nearshore ecosystems, open oceans, tropical forests, boreal and temperate ecosystems, low arctic scrubland, savannas, and islands. Additional chapters consider aboveground/belowground linkages, predation and ecosystem processes, consumer control by megafauna and fire, and alternative states in ecosystems. An introductory chapter offers a concise overview of trophic cascades, while concluding chapters consider theoretical perspectives and comparative issues. Trophic Cascades provides a scientific basis and justification for the idea that large predators and top-down forcing must be considered in conservation strategies, alongside factors such as habitat preservation and invasive species. It is a groundbreaking work for scientists and managers involved with biodiversity conservation and protection.

Coral Reefs of Australia

Author : Sarah M Hamylton
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN 13 : 1486315496
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Coral Reefs of Australia by : Sarah M Hamylton

Download or read book Coral Reefs of Australia written by Sarah M Hamylton and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2022 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Australia's coral reefs stretch far and wide, covering 50 000 square kilometres from the Indian Ocean in the West to the Pacific Ocean in the East. They have been viewed as a bedrock of coastal livelihoods, as uncharted and perilous nautical hazards, as valuable natural resources, and as unique, natural wonders with secrets waiting to be unlocked. Australia's coral reefs have sustained a global interest as places to visit, and as objects of study, science, protection and conservation."Coral Reefs of Australia" examines our evolving relationship with coral reefs, and explores their mystery and the fast pace at which they are now changing. Corals are feeling the dramatic impacts of global climate change, having undergone several devastating mass coral bleaching events, dramatic species range shifts and gradual ocean acidification. This comprehensive and engaging book brings together the diverse views of Indigenous Australians, coral reef scientists, managers and politicians to reveal how we interact with coral reefs, focussing on Indigenous culture, coastal livelihoods, exploration, discovery, scientific research and climate change. It will inform and inspire readers to learn more about these intriguing natural phenomena and how we can protect coral reefs for the future.

Coral Reef Fishes

Author : Peter F. Sale
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0126151857
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Coral Reef Fishes by : Peter F. Sale

Download or read book Coral Reef Fishes written by Peter F. Sale and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-05-15 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Insects is a comprehensive work devoted to all aspects of insects, including their anatomy, physiology, evolution, behavior, reproduction, ecology, and disease, as well as issues of exploitation, conservation, and management. Articles provide definitive facts about all insects from aphids, beetles and butterflies to weevils and yellowjackets. Insects are beautiful and dreadful, ravenous pests and devastating disease vectors, resilient and resistant to eradication, and the source of great benefit and great loss for civilization. Important for ecosystem health, they have infl.

Predators and prey in fishes

Author : David L.G. Noakes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400972962
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Predators and prey in fishes by : David L.G. Noakes

Download or read book Predators and prey in fishes written by David L.G. Noakes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential consequences of a predator-prey predators tend to do that increase or maximize prey interaction are probably more serious, especially capture and that prey tend to do to avoid being for the prey, than are the consequences of most captured? The second theme emphasized the eco competitive or parasite-host interactions. For this logical approach to predator-prey interactions. reason, the adaptations and tactics that prey show What are the environmental constraints that in to the foraging manoeuvers of their predators, and fluence the evolution of structures and behaviors the counteradaptations of their predators, are often involved in predation and its avoidance? How do pronounced and even spectacular. Predation may in these factors combine to produce particular ,fssem fact be a critical determinant of both the behavior blages of predators and prey with common adapta of individuals and of the functional and taxonomic tions? The 18 papers presented at the symposium, composition of fish assemblages. This possibility and the ones published in these proceedings, re was a major factor leading to the organization of present the varied approaches that researchers have the Behavioral Tactics symposium. The obvious taken in addressing these questions. necessity of feeding, the wealth of information Several topics were common to many presenta available on food and energy budgets of animals tions: four of these in particular deserve at least both in the laboratory and field, and the approach brief mention.